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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 651-652页

作者： yukihiro Ohno Laboratory of Pharmacology Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Astrocytic Kir4.1 channels and spatial potassium buffering：Astrocytes play a crucial role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the brain,which includes formation of the blood-brain barrier,mainte... 详细信息

关键词： Astrocytic Kir4.1 potassium channels as a novel therapeutic target for epilepsy and mood disorders Figure

Gut microbiota in common elderly diseases affecting activities of daily living

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第42期24卷 4750-4758页

作者： yukihiro Shimizu Gastroenterology center Nanto Municipal Hospital

Gut microbiota are involved in the development or prevention of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes,fatty liver, and malignancy such as colorectal cancer,breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alzheimer'sdisease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, atherosclerotic stroke and cardiovascular disease are major diseases associated with decreased activities of daily living(ADL), especially in elderly people. Recent analyses have revealed the importance of gut microbiota in the control of these diseases. The composition or diversity of these microbiota is different between patients with these conditions and healthy controls, and administration of probiotics or prebiotics has been shown effective in the treatment of these diseases. Gut microbiota may affect distant organs through mechanisms that include regulating the absorption of nutrients and/or the production of microbial metabolites, regulating and interacting with the systemic immune system, and translocating bacteria/bacterial products through disrupted mucosal ***, the gut microbiota may be important regulators in the development of diseases that affect ADL. Although adequate exercise and proper diet are important for preventing these diseases, their combination with interventions that manipulate the composition and/or diversity of gut microbiota could be a promising strategy for maintaining health condition and preserving ADL. This review thus summarizes current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the development or prevention of diseases closely associated with the maintenance of ADL.

关键词： Probiotics Prebiotics Alzheimer’s disease Osteoporosis Sarcopenia Gut microbiota Cardiovascular disease Cerebrovascular disease

Direct measurement of the three-dimensional distribution of leaf area density and light conditions in a mature oak stand by the cube method

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 1817-1827页

作者： Chiharu Migita yukihiro Chiba Tanaka Kenzo Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute TsukubaIbaraki 305-8687Japan Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences TsukubaIbaraki 305-8686Japan

Although the distributions of foliage and light play major roles in various forest functions,accurate,nondestructive measurement of these distributions is difficult due to the complexity of the canopy *** evaluate the foliage and light distributions directly and nondestructively in a mature oak stand,we used the cube method by dividing the forest canopy into small cubes(50 cm per side)and directly measured leaf area density(LAD,the total one-sided leaf area per unit volume,i.e.,cube)and relative irradiance(RI)within each *** distribution of LAD and of RI was highly heterogeneous,even at the same canopy *** heterogeneity reflected the presence of foliage clusters associated with multiple forking *** relationship between cumulative LAD at the canopy surface and average RI followed the Beer-Lambert *** mean light extinction coefficient(K)was ***,K was overestimated by more than double(0.80)when calculated based on the classical method using RI at the forest *** overestimation was caused by the lower RI due to light absorption by nonleaf plant parts below the *** findings on the complex foliage and light distributions in canopy layers should help improve the accuracy of RI and K measurements and thus more accurate predictions of environmental responses and forest functions.

关键词： Beer-Lambert law Canopy structure Foliage cluster Leaf area density Leaf area index Relative light intensity

Study on multimers and their structures in molecular association mixture

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Science China Chemistry 2007年第1期50卷 23-31页

作者： YAMAGUCHI Yoshinori OZAKI yukihiro Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care Waseda UniversityJapan Department of Chemistry School of Science and TechnologyKwansei-Gakuin UniversitySandaHyogo 669-1337Japan

Self-association system of(R)-1,3-butanediol in dilute carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)solution is studied as a model of molecular association *** methods including FSMWEFA(fixed-size moving window evolving factor analysis)combined with PCA(principal component analysis),SIMPLISMA (simple-to-use interactive self-modeling mixture analysis),and ITTFA(iterative target transformation factor analysis)are adopted to resolve infrared spectra of(R)-1,3-butanediol *** number and equilibrium constant are computed.(R)-1,3-butanediol in dilute inert solution is determined as a monomer-trimer equilibrium *** investigation of trimer structures is carried out with DFT(density functional theory),and structural factors are analyzed.

关键词： (R)-1 3-butanediol multimer chemometrics density functional theory

Molecular Orientation and Structural Characterization of Ultrathin Films of C_(12)AzoNaph(1,4)C_6N-SDS Studied by FT-IR and NIR-SERS Spectroscopies

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2002年第4期18卷 433-437页

作者： yukihiro Ozaki DepartmentofChemistry SchoolofScienceandTechnologyKwansei-GakuinUniversity

The orientation and structural characterization of the ultrathin film of azobenzene-containing amphiphilic compound, C_ 12AzoNaph(1,4)C_6N +Br -, were studied in the present study. The compound can form a stable monolayer with sodium dextrin sulfate(SDS) by means of electrostatic interaction. Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR) and near-infrared surface-enhanced Raman scattering(NIR-SERS) spectroscopies were used to study the orientation and characterize the structure of the Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) film and the dipping film. The FT-IR spectra indicate that the alkyl tail is nearly perpendicular to the substrate surface without any aggregation and adopts largely trans-zigzag conformation in the LB film. The NIR-SERS spectra demonstrate that the chromorphoric part in C_ 12AzoNaph(1,4)C_6N +Br is also nearly perpendicular to the surface of silver substrate both in the dipping film and the LB film. A new 'sandwiched system' model was designed to investigate the orientation and structural characterization of the chromophoric part in the multi-monolayer LB films on the non-SERS active substrate. The SERS mechanism of the 'sandwiched system' is discussed in the present paper.

关键词： Molecular orientation LB film NIR-SERS spectroscopy

Understanding the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19:Its implication for therapeutic strategy

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第23期8卷 5835-5843页

作者： yukihiro Shimizu Gastroenterology Center Nanto Municipal HospitalNanto 932-0211ToyamaJapan

Although 80%of individuals infected with the severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)recover without antiviral treatments,the other 20%progress to severe forms of pulmonary disease,suggesting that the host’s immune response to the virus could influence the outcome of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar epithelial type 2 cells expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,and these infected epithelial cells recruit dendritic cells,neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages,leading to the activation of CD4+and CD8+T *** cells launch an antiviral immune response,but are able to completely suppress viral replication or completely eradicate virus in a limited proportion of infected *** other patients,viral suppression is incomplete and the numbers of circulating B and T cells are subsequently reduced by as yet unknown *** patients with sustained viral replication progress to a severe condition called cytokine *** antiviral drug(s)should be considered early in infection to prevent progression,there have been no antiviral therapies proven to be effective for significantly inhibiting the viral replication in vivo and suppressing the progression to cytokine *** the action of cytokines with dexamethasone or anti-interleukin-6 could have a pivotal role in treatment of those *** strategy should therefore be based on viral kinetics and the immunopathology of COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Immune response Antibody Viral kinetics Treatment

Recent advances in the management of pruritus in chronic liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第19期23卷 3418-3426页

作者： Kazuto Tajiri yukihiro Shimizu Department of Gastroenterology Toyama University Hospital Gastroenterology Center Nanto Municipal Hospital

Pruritus is a symptom found in patients with chronic liver diseases,especially cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary *** symptom impairs patient quality of life by disturbing sleep and may lead to consideration of liver *** implicated in pruritus have been associated with the peripheral and central nervous systems,leading to the development of various therapeutic *** evidence for the efficacy of most of these treatments is currently available,indicating a need for further investigations.

关键词： Pruritus Cholestasis Autotaxin Opioid receptor antagonist

Branched-chain amino acids in liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第43期19卷 7620-7629页

作者： Kazuto Tajiri yukihiro Shimizu The Third Department of Internal Medicine Toyama University HospitalToyama 930-0194Japan Gastroenterology Unit Nanto Municipal HospitalToyama 932-0211Japan

Branched chain amino acids(BCAAs)have been shown to affect gene expression,protein metabolism,apoptosis and regeneration of hepatocytes,and insulin *** have also been shown to inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro,and are essential for lymphocyte proliferation and dendritic cell *** patients with advanced chronic liver disease,BCAA concentrations are low,whereas the concentrations of aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine are high,conditions that may be closely associated with hepatic encephalopathy and the prognosis of these *** on these basic observations,patients with advanced chronic liver disease have been treated clinically with BCAA-rich medicines,with positive effects.

关键词： Liver disease Branched chain amino acids Gene expression Hepatocyte apoptosis Hepatocyte regeneration Immunity Treatment

Gut microbiota and liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第6期21卷 1691-1702页

作者： Masami Minemura yukihiro Shimizu Third Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Toyama Gastroenterology Center Nanto Municipal Hospital

Several studies revealed that gut microbiota are associated with various human diseases,e.g.,metabolic diseases,allergies,gastroenterological diseases,and liver *** liver can be greatly affected by changes in gut microbiota due to the entry of gut bacteria or their metabolites into the liver through the portal vein,and the liver-gut axis is important to understand the pathophysiology of several liver diseases,especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic ***,gut microbiota play a significant role in the development of alcoholic liver disease and *** on theseprevious findings,trials using probiotics have been performed for the prevention or treatment of liver *** this review,we summarize the current understanding of the changes in gut microbiota associated with various liver diseases,and we describe the therapeutic trials of probiotics for those diseases.

关键词： Gut microbiota Immune system Liver disease Metabol