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Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第46期15卷 5805-5812页

作者： Naoto Koike Akihiro Cho Katsuhiro Nasu Kazuhiko Seto Shigeyuki Nagaya yuji ohshima Nobuhiro Ohkohchi Department of Surgery Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital Department of Surgery Chiba Cancer Center Department of Radiology Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba Department of Radiology Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital Department of Radiology Seirei Mikatabara Hospital Department of Surgery Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba

AIM： To evaluate the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging （DWl） in screening and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant focal hepatic lesions. METHODS： Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） examinations were performed using the Signa Excite Xl Twin Speed 1.5T system （GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wl, USA）. Seventy patients who had undergone MRI of the liver [29 hepatocellular carcinomas （HCC）, four cholangiocarcinomas, 34 metastatic liver cancers, 10 hemangiomas, and eight cysts] between April 2004 and August 2008 were retrospectively evaluated. Visualization of lesions, relative contrast ratio （RCR）, and apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） were compared between benign and malignant lesions on DWl. Su- perparamagnetic iron oxide （SPIO） was administered to 59 patients, and RCR was compared pre- and ***： DWI showed higher contrast between malignant lesions （especially in multiple small metastatic cancers） and surrounding liver parenchyma than did contrast-enhanced computed tomography. ADCs （mean±SD × 10^-3 mm2/s） were significantly lower （P 〈 0.05） in malignant lesions （HCC： 1.31 ± 0.28 and liver metastasis： 1.11 ± 0.22） and were significantly higher in benign lesions （hemangioma： 1.84 ± 0.37 and cyst： 2.61 ± 0.45） than in the surrounding hepatic tissues. RCR between malignant lesions and surrounding he- patic tissues significantly improved after SPIO administration, but RCRs in benign lesions were not ***： DWI is a simple and sensitive method for screening focal hepatic lesions and is useful for differential diagnosis.

关键词： Hepatic tumor Liver imaging Magneticresonance imaging Diffusion-weighted imaging Apparent diffusion coefficient

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Present Status of the Nd:YAG Thomson Scattering System Development for Time Evolution Measurement of Plasma Profile on Heliotron J

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第3期15卷 240-243页

作者： Takashi MINAMI Shohei ARAI Naoki KENMOCHI Hiroaki YASHIRO Chihiro TAKAHASHI Shinji KOBAYASHI Tohru MIZUUCHI Shinsuke ohshima Satoshi YAMAMOTO Hiroyuki OKADA Kazunobu NAGASAKI yuji NAKAMURA Kiyoshi HANATANI Shigeru KONOSHIMA Fumimichi SANO Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto University Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University Pioneering Research Unit for Next Generation Kyoto University

A new high repetition rate Nd：YAG Thomson scattering system is developed for the Heliotron J helical device. A main purpose of installing the new system is the temporal evolution measurement of a plasma profile for improved confinement physics such as the edge transport barrier （H-mode） or the internal transport barrier of the helical plasma. The system has 25 spatial points with -10 mm resolution. Two high repetition Nd：YAG lasers （〉 550 m J@ 50 Hz） realize the measurement of the time evolution of the plasma profile with ~10 ms time intervals. Scattered light is collected by a large concave mirror （D----800 mm, f/2.25） with a solid angle of -100 mstr and transferred to interference filter polychromators by optical fiber bundles in a staircase form. The signal is amplified by newly designed fast preamplifiers with DC and AC output, which reduces the low frequency background noise. The signals are digitized with a multi-event QDC, fast gated integrators. The data acquisition is performed by a VME-based system operated by the CINOS.

关键词： plasma diagnostic Nd:YAG laser Thomson scattering measurement plasma improved confinement

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Recent Progress in Plasma Control Studies on the Improvement of Plasma Performance in Heliotron J

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Plasma Science and Technology 2011年第1期13卷 21-25页

作者： Tohru MIZUUCHI Kazunobu NAGASAKI Hiroyuki OKADA Shinji KOBAYASHI Satoshi YAMAMOTO Takashi MINAMI Shinsuke ohshima Masaki TAKEUCHI Kiyofumi MUKAI Hyunyong LEE Linge ZANG Kohta NOMURA Masashige SUWA Kento YAMAMOTO Hiroaki YASHIRO Hayao YOSHINO Shouhei ARAI Tasuku KAGAWA Takayuki MINAMI Kouji MIZUNO Yoshinobu WADA Hiroto WATADA Nobuhiro NISHINO Yosuke NAKASHIMA Kiyoshi HANATANI yuji NAKAMURA Shigeru KONOSHIMA Fumimichi SANO Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto Univ. Kyoto University Pioneering Research Unit for Next Generation Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University Graduate School of Engineering Hiroshima University Plasma Research Center University of Tsukuba

Recent progress in plasma control studies on the improvement of plasma performance in Heliotron J is reviewed. The supersonic molecular beam injection （SMBI） fueling is successfully applied to Heliotron J plasma. A supersonic H2-beam is effectively injected to increase fueling efficiency and generate a peaked density profile. Local fueling with a short-pulsed SMBI can increase the core plasma density and avoid the degradation arising from edge cooling. Second harmonic electron cyclotron current drive （ECCD） experiments were conducted by launching a focused Gaussian beam with a parallel refractive index of -0.05 ≤ Nil 〈 0.6. Results show that the electron cyclotron （EC） driven current is determined not only by Nil but also by local magnetic field （B） structure where the EC power is deposited. Detailed analysis of the observed NI and B dependences is in progress with a ray-tracing simulation using the TRAVIS code. Fast ion velocity distribution was investigated using fast protons generated by ion cyclotron resonant frequency （ICRF） minority heating. For the standard configuration in Heliotron J, charge ex- change neutral particle analysis （CX-NPA） measurements show higher effective temperature of fast minority protons in the on-axis resonance case compared to that in the HFS （high field side） off-axis resonance case. However, the increase in bulk ion temperature in the HFS resonance case is larger than that in the on-axis resonance.

关键词： plasma control. Heliotron J improved confinement ECH/ECCD NBI ICRF. minority heating fueling control

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Re-Evaluation of the Safety of Laser-Assisted Subepithelial Keratectomy

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2014年第3期4卷 79-85页

作者： yuji Kumano Yumi Soejima Shinichiro Numa Hiroyasu Matsui Ikuko Zushi Masahito Shigematsu Takaaki Matsui Teruo Nishida Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Saga University Saga Japan ohshima Hospital of Ophthalmology Fukuoka Japan Zushi Eye Clinic Fukuoka Japan

Purpose: Additional analyses of outcomes of laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) are still necessary to improve the safety of LASEK. Therefore, in our study, outcomes were assessed retrospectively in 561 eyes that underwent LASEK treatment. Methods: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and residual spherical equivalent were analyzed at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. We assessed four subgroups based on the degree of preoperative myopia considering mean BSCVA and loss of two or more lines. Results: Mean UCVAs and BSCVAs were obtained at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (1.23/1.35 and 1.23/1.37, respectively). The mean predictability was within ±0.125 diopters. Conversely, the safety indexes were 0.94 and 0.96 respectively, and the efficacy indexes were 0.86 and 0.86 at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, respectively. 8.4% eyes and 5.2% eyes lost two or more lines of BSCVA at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, respectively. The mean BSCVAs of the high or ultra-high groups were significantly lower than those of the low or mild groups both 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. The incidence rates of losing two or more lines of BSCVA in the high or ultra-high myopia groups were significantly greater than in the low or mild groups at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion: LASEK predictably corrected myopia achieving >1.2 in UCVA and BSCVA. However, the safety and efficacy indexes were <1.0, which were related to the loss of two or more lines of BSCVA. Since the incidence rates of losing two or more lines of BSCVA were greater in the high or ultra-high myopia groups, we consider LASEK as more safely performed in patients with low to mild preoperative myopia.

关键词： BSCVA LASEK Loss of Two or More Lines Preoperative Myopia Re-Evaluation

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