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Ensemble learning framework for landslide susceptibility mapping:Different basic classifier and ensemble strategy

Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 170-190页

作者： Taorui Zeng Liyang Wu Dario Peduto Thomas Glade yuichi S.hayakawa Kunlong Yin Institute of Geological Survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China ENGAGE—Geomorphic Systems and Risk Research Department of Geography and Regional ResearchUniversity of Vienna1010 ViennaAustria Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhanChina Department of Civil Engineering University of Salerno84084 SalernoFiscianoItaly Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido UniversityHokkaido 060-0810Japan

The application of ensemble learning models has been continuously improved in recent landslide susceptibility research,but most studies have no unified ensemble ***,few papers have discussed the applicability of the ensemble learning model in landslide susceptibility mapping at the township *** study aims at defining a robust ensemble framework that can become the benchmark method for future research dealing with the comparison of different ensemble *** this purpose,the present work focuses on three different basic classifiers:decision tree(DT),support vector machine(SVM),and multi-layer perceptron neural network model(MLPNN)and two homogeneous ensemble models such as random forest(RF)and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost).The hierarchical construction of deep ensemble relied on two leading ensemble technologies(i.e.,homogeneous/heterogeneous model ensemble and bagging,boosting,stacking ensemble strategy)to provide a more accurate and effective spatial probability of landslide *** selected study area is Dazhou town,located in the Jurassic red-strata area in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China,which is a strategic economic area currently characterized by widespread landslide *** on a long-term field investigation,the inventory counting thirty-three slow-moving landslide polygons was *** results show that the ensemble models do not necessarily perform better;for instance,the Bagging based DT-SVM-MLPNNXGBoost model performed worse than the single XGBoost *** the eleven tested models,the Stacking based RF-XGBoost model,which is a homogeneous model based on bagging,boosting,and stacking ensemble,showed the highest capability of predicting the landslide-affected ***,the factor behaviors of DT,SVM,MLPNN,RF and XGBoost models reflected the characteristics of slow-moving landslides in the Three Gorges reservoir area,wherein unfavorable lithological conditions and intense human engineering activitie

关键词： Three Gorges Reservoir Area Landslide susceptibility mapping Ensemble learning framework Uncertainty research

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Stability Analysis of Cliff Face around Kegon Falls in Nikko, Eastern Japan: An Implication to Its Erosional Mechanisms

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第6期4卷 8-16页

作者： yuichi S. hayakawa Center for Spatial Information Science The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan

A waterfall highlights the locus of active fluvial erosion of bedrock, and its mechanism has been the subject of several studies;however, erosional processes remain to be clarified for specific rock structures composing a waterfall. Herein, the detailed morphology of cliffs around a waterfall is examined by a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) approach to analyze erosional processes occurring in the cliffs. The study site is Kegon Falls in Japan, which has a vertical drop of surface water from the top of its cliff and groundwater outflows from its lower portion. The entire cliff is mostly overhanging and minor rockfalls are often observed. The latest major rockfall occurred in 1986, causing an approximate 8-m upstream shift of the waterfall lip. From the point cloud obtained by TLS measurement, a digital elevation model on a vertical plane was generated, and cross-sectional profiles were extracted. A distinct 5- to 10-m depression was found at the bottom of the upper andesite layer of the waterfall cliff, which appears to have been formed by freeze-thaw and wet-dry weathering following the upstream shift of the surface water drop. Stability analysis of the waterfall cliff with an undercutting notch indicates that the igneous rock composing the cliff is sufficiently strong to maintain its current overhanging shape and that catastrophic collapse of the entire waterfall face rarely occurs. Following the formation of the depression, the upper cliff face appears to have been gradually eroded by gravitational collapses of relatively small blocks bounded by columnar and platy joints.

关键词： Bedrock Erosion Knickpoint Waterfall Recession Terrestrial Laser Scanning

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Multi-Resolution Landslide Susceptibility Analysis Using a DEM and Random Forest

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第5期7卷 726-743页

作者： Uttam Paudel Takashi Oguchi yuichi hayakawa Department of Natural Environmental Studies Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Japan Center for Spatial Information Sciences The University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Japan

Landslide susceptibility (LS) mapping is a requisite for safety against sediment related disasters, and considerable effort has been exerted in this discipline. However, the size heterogeneity and distribution of landslides still impose challenges in selecting an appropriate scale for LS studies. This requires identification of an optimal scale for landslide causative parameters. In this study, we propose a method to identify the optimum scale for each parameter and use multiple optimal parameter-scale combinations for LS mapping. A random forest model was used, together with 16 geomorphological parameters extracted from 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 300 m digital elevation models (DEMs) and an inventory of historical landslides. Experiments in two equal-sized (625 km2) areas in Niigata and Ehime, Japan, with different geological and environmental settings and landslide density, demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method. It outperformed all other single scale LS analysis with a prediction accuracy of 79.7% for Niigata and 78.62% for Ehime. Values of areas under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves (AUC) of 0.877 and 0.870 validate the application of the multi-scale model.

关键词： Multi-Resolution Landslide Susceptibility DEM Random Forest

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Morphometric Analysis of Drainage Basins in the Western Arabian Peninsula Using Multivariate Statistics

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第5期5卷 527-539页

作者： Ali P. Yunus Takashi Oguchi yuichi S. hayakawa Center for Spatial Information Science The University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Japan Department of Natural Environmental Studies Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Japan

The uplift of the Arabian Shield and the opening of the Red Sea led to the development of steep drainage systems in the Western Arabian Peninsula. Although the Peninsula has been studied from a geological perspective, in relation to oil production, plate tectonics and eolian systems such as sand dunes, the steep mountainous drainage basins have received much less attention. This paper aims to assess the characteristics and development of 36 drainage basins in the Western Arabian Peninsula, using a digital elevation model (DEM), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA). Three major principal components (PC1 to PC3) are found to explain 73% of total variance. CA divided the basins into two or four groups. The division by CA strongly reflects PC1, showing that the two analyses give comparable results. PC1 strongly reflects basin dimensions and drainage texture, and their positive correlations indicate the significant effect of basin relief and slope on mass wasting and limited stream incision in small basins under an arid climate. PC2 mainly reflects the effect of bedrock geology, suggesting that volcanic rocks tend to produce more elongated and less eroded immature basins than crystalline rocks do. PC3 mainly reflects the basin relief and slope and the length of each stream segment, which may also reflect the effect of mass wasting on stream development.

关键词： Arabian Peninsula Drainage Basin Digital Elevation Model Morphometry Principal Component Analysis Cluster Analysis

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Observation and Data Archiving System of a Superconducting Gravimeter at Syowa Station, Antarctica

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International Journal of Geosciences 2015年第10期6卷 1116-1126页

作者： yuichi Aoyama Hiroshi Ikeda Hideaki hayakawa Koichiro Doi Yoichi Fukuda Kazuo Shibuya National Institute of Polar Research Tokyo Japan Department of Polar Science SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advance Studies) Tokyo Japan Research Facility Center for Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto Japan

A superconducting gravimeter (SG, model TT70#016, GWR Instruments) was deployed for the first time in Antarctica in 1992 at Syowa Station. Observations began in April 1993. Although the SG was equipped with a 10 K cryocooler, its liquid helium (LHe) required refilling twice a year to maintain its superconducting state. The LHe was produced by a separate helium liquefier. After continuous gravity measurement with the SG for 11 years, it was replaced by a second SG (CT#043) with a 4 K cryocooler in December 2003 in order to reduce loads of person in charge for LHe production. Because the manufacturer could not supply a replacement 4 K cryocooler, this SG ceased measurement in November 2009. In January 2010, a new superconducting gravimeter (OSG#058) was installed and had recorded high-quality gravity time series with data acquired every second for more than five years without interruption. Because the personal computer (PC) controlling the observation and data acquisition is connected with PCs in Japan through an Intelsat satellite communication link, we can check the status of observations in real time. It is also possible to fix remotely certain problems with the gravimeter. The observed gravity data are transferred daily to a data server in Japan. Also included in the upload are diagnostic data of the gravimeter such as the temperature of the coldhead and environmental data such as atmospheric pressure. Plots of the daily data are publicly available. The raw data with a 1 s sampling interval are also released to registered researchers. The released gravity time series along with the environmental data are greatly useful for investigating solid earth dynamics especially in the long period bands. We provide necessary information to use these long-range data sets.

关键词： Superconducting Gravimeter Remote Observation Monitoring High Quality Data Antarctica

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Field measurements of absolute gravity in East Antarctica

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Advances in Polar Science 2013年第4期24卷 339-343页

作者： Koichiro Doi Hideaki hayakawa Takahito Kazama Toshihiro Higashi Shingo Osono Yoichi Fukuda Jun Nishijima yuichi Aoyama Junichi Ueda National Institute of Polar Research The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Aso Volcanological Laboratory Kyoto University Graduate School of Science Kyoto University TerraGrav LLC. GNSS Technologies Inc. Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Japan Association of Surveyors

This paper reports the results of field-based absolute gravity measurements aimed at detecting gravity change and crustal displacement caused by glacial isostatic adjustment. The project was initiated within the framework of the 53rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition （JARE53）. Absolute gravity measurements, together with GPS measurements, were planned at several outcrops along the Prince Olav Coast and S6ya Coast of East Antarctica, including at Syowa Station. Since the icebreaker Shirase （AGB 5003） was unable to moor alongside Syowa Station, operations were somewhat restricted during JARE53. However, despite this setback, we were able to complete measurements at two sites： Syowa Station and Langhovde. The absolute gravity value at the Syowa Station IAGBN （A） site, observed using an FG-5 absolute gravimeter （serial number 210; FG-5 #210）, was 982 524 322.7＋0.1 ktGal, and the gravity change rate at the beginning of 2012 was -0.26 gGal.a-1. An absolute gravity value of 982 535 584.2~0.7 ktGal was obtained using a portable A-10 absolute gravimeter （serial number 017; A-10 #017） at the newly located site AGS01 in Langhovde.

关键词： absolute gravity field measurement Antarctica A-10 and FG-5 absolute gravimeters GPS JARE

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Hayabusa2’s station-keeping operation in the proximity of the asteroid Ryugu

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Astrodynamics 2020年第4期4卷 349-375页

作者： Yuto Takei Takanao Saiki Yukio Yamamoto Yuya Mimasu Hiroshi Takeuchi Hitoshi Ikeda Naoko Ogawa Fuyuto Terui Go Ono Kent Yoshikawa Tadateru Takahashi Hirotaka Sawada Chikako Hirose Shota Kikuchi Atsushi Fuji Takahiro Iwata Satoru Nakazawa Masahiko hayakawa Ryudo Tsukizaki Satoshi Tanaka Masanori Matsushita Osamu Mori Daiki Koda Takanobu Shimada Masanobu Ozaki Masanao Abe Satoshi Hosoda Tatsuaki Okada Hajime Yano Takaaki Kato Seiji Yasuda Kota Matsushima Tetsuya Masuda Makoto Yoshikawa yuichi Tsuda Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Sagarmihara 252-5210Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Sagarmihara 252-5210Japan NEC Aerospace Systems LtdFruchu 183-8502Japan NEC Corporation Puchu 183-8501Japan

The Japanese interplanetary probe Hayabusa2 was launched on December 3,2014 and the probe arrived at the vicinity of asteroid 162173 Ryugu on June 27,*** its 1.4 years of asteroid proximity phase,the probe successfully accomplished numbers of record-breaking achievements including two touchdowns and one artificial cratering experiment,which are highly expected to have secured surface and subsurface samples from the asteroid inside its sample container for the first time in *** Hayabusa2 spacecraft was designed not to orbit but to hover above the asteroid along the sub Earth *** orbital and geometrical configuration allows the spacecraft to utilize its high-gain antennas for telecommunication with the ground station on Earth while pointing its scientific observation and navigation sensors at the *** paper focuses on the regular station-keeping operation of Hayabusa2,which is called“home position”(HP)-keeping ***,together with the spacecraft design,an operation scheme called HP navigation(HPNAV),which includes a daily trajectory control and scientific observations as regular activities,is *** the description on the guidance,navigation,and control design as well as the framework of optical and radiometric navigation,the results of the HP-keeping operation including trajectory estimation and delta-V planning during the entire asteroid proximity phase are summarized and evaluated as a first ***,this paper states that the *** operation in the framework of HPNAV had succeeded without critical incidents,and the number of trajectory control delta-V was planned fficiently throughout the period.

关键词： small body mission station-keeping guidance,navigation,and control(GNC) optical and radiometric navigation

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