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Heterologous expression in transgenic mosquitoes

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第3期3卷 244-250页

作者： Santhosh PK yuhua deng Weidong Gu Xiaoguang Chen Department of Parasitology School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineSouthern Medical University Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama

Arthropod-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue virus afflict billions of people worldwide imposing major economic and social burdens.Control of such pathogens is mainly performed by vector management and treatment of affected individuals with drugs.The failure of these conventional approaches due to emergence of insecticide-resistant insects and drug-resistant parasites demonstrate the need of novel and efficacious control strategies to combat these diseases.Genetic modification(GM) of mosquito vectors to impair their ability to be infected and transmit pathogens has emerged as a new strategy to reduce transmission of many vector-borne diseases and deliver public health gains.Several advances in developing transgenic mosquitoes unable to transmit pathogens have gained support,some of them attempt to manipulate the naturally occurring endogenous refractory mechanisms,while others initiate the identification of an exogenous foreign gene which disrupt the pathogen development in insect vectors. Heterologous expression of transgenes under a native or heterologous promoter is important for the screening and effecting of the transgenic mosquitoes.The effect of the transgene on mosquito fitness is a crucial parameter influencing the success of this transgenic approach.This review examines these two aspects and describes the basic research work that has been accomplished towards understanding the complex relation between the parasite and its vector and focuses on recent advances and perspectives towards construction of transgenic mosquitoes refractory to vector-borne disease transmission.

关键词： Anopheles Fitness load Malaria Transgene Transposable element Vector

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ChatGPT的现况及人工智能在医学教育中的应用展望

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中国继续医学教育 2024年第5期16卷 195-198页

作者：邓玉华重庆医科大学附属儿童医院肝胆外科重庆400014

聊天生成型预训练变换模型(chat generative pretrained transformer,ChatGPT)作为具有“智慧”的机器语言,从发明之初就具有主角光环,获得各行各业的青睐,虽然技术还未达到完美程度,但是其具有的强大潜力,在各个学科都具有丰富的应用... 详细信息

聊天生成型预训练变换模型(chat generative pretrained transformer,ChatGPT)作为具有“智慧”的机器语言,从发明之初就具有主角光环,获得各行各业的青睐,虽然技术还未达到完美程度,但是其具有的强大潜力,在各个学科都具有丰富的应用场景。文章综述了ChatGPT目前的一问一答形式解决各种问题的基本概况,同时对顺利通过难度极高的美国医师执业考试带来的深刻意义进行了讨论,医学行业利用ChatGPT进行辅助临床决策治疗的医学应用,举例说明了其拥有的巨大优势;作为人工智能也是存在缺陷的,文章也对其存在的回答问题偏差局限性进行分析,结合医学教育进行相关应用的说明,针对人工智能存在的缺陷提出监管办法,建立专门的人工智能医学教育质量控制委员会对其进行教学质量监控及质量管理,保证ChatGPT的方向准确,并督促教育工作者进行系统完善。对于人工智能要做到不畏惧新技术,充分利用好这个利器,可以减轻医学教育工作者的工作负担,同时个体化针对性地对学生进行教育,提高教育质量及成果。

关键词： ChatGPT 现况医学应用优点局限性医学教育质量控制

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广州地铁轨道不平顺谱研究

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现代城市轨道交通 2024年第6期 131-137页

作者：邓裕华程志全魏志恒广州地铁集团有限公司广东广州510330 铁科院(北京)工程咨询有限公司北京100081

轨道不平顺谱可同时反映轨道不平顺的幅值和波长特性,为线路状态评估和养护维修提供依据。文章以广州地铁网轨检测车实测轨道不平顺数据进行轨道不平顺谱计算分析和轨道谱拟合。研究发现,检测速度过低、加速度计和激光摄像组件状态异常... 详细信息

轨道不平顺谱可同时反映轨道不平顺的幅值和波长特性,为线路状态评估和养护维修提供依据。文章以广州地铁网轨检测车实测轨道不平顺数据进行轨道不平顺谱计算分析和轨道谱拟合。研究发现,检测速度过低、加速度计和激光摄像组件状态异常是轨检数据出现异常的主要原因,但可通过数据预处理修正异常数据。广州地铁轨道存在波长等于钢轨长度、车轮周长的周期性不平顺,以及轨向不平顺与曲线半径强负相关的关系。轨道不平顺谱用于轨道质量评价,是TQI和峰值扣分法的有益补充。此研究填补广州地铁轨道不平顺谱的空白,完善广州地铁线路状态评估与养护体系,同时轨道不平顺谱计算软件的开发有利于轨道不平顺谱推广使用。

关键词：广州地铁轨道不平顺谱网轨检测车数据预处理质量评价

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类器官技术在乳腺癌研究中的现状及应用

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天津医药 2024年第6期52卷 668-672页

作者：陈芷彦伍秋苑邓裕华周丹广东医科大学第一临床医学院 524000 佛山市第一人民医院

类器官能够很好地模拟肿瘤的异质性,包括肿瘤微环境、免疫反应等,这有助于更准确地预测患者对药物的反应和治疗效果,且可以在药物进入体内前进行药物筛选,从而节约临床试验的时间和成本。然而,类器官的研究仍面临一些挑战,如技术限制、... 详细信息

类器官能够很好地模拟肿瘤的异质性,包括肿瘤微环境、免疫反应等,这有助于更准确地预测患者对药物的反应和治疗效果,且可以在药物进入体内前进行药物筛选,从而节约临床试验的时间和成本。然而,类器官的研究仍面临一些挑战,如技术限制、伦理问题等。就乳腺癌类器官的研究进展,包括类器官的定义、发展历程、优势以及在乳腺癌研究中的应用进行综述。

关键词：类器官乳腺肿瘤药物筛选个性化治疗

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基于生物信息学和网络药理学探讨补肾健脾方改善2型糖尿病作用机制

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中国中医药图书情报杂志 2024年第4期48卷 95-101页

作者：邓钰骅封杰妮朱娴琼徐颖黄宇轩刘继洪广州中医药大学广东广州511000 广东药科大学广东广州511400 佛山市中医院广东佛山528000

目的基于生物信息学和网络药理学探讨补肾健脾方治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的作用机制。方法通过TCMSP、BATMAN-TCM数据库筛选补肾健脾方活性成分及作用靶点,通过GEO数据库获取T2DM相关数据集GSE18732和GSE19420,通过Mfuzz分析筛选与糖尿病... 详细信息

目的基于生物信息学和网络药理学探讨补肾健脾方治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的作用机制。方法通过TCMSP、BATMAN-TCM数据库筛选补肾健脾方活性成分及作用靶点,通过GEO数据库获取T2DM相关数据集GSE18732和GSE19420,通过Mfuzz分析筛选与糖尿病同步变化的基因,作为T2DM疾病靶点。获取补肾健脾方与T2DM疾病靶点交集靶点,作为补肾健脾方治疗T2DM的作用靶点,通过STRING数据库构建靶点蛋白相互作用网络,筛选网络中的关键靶点,通过GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析其生物功能,对关键靶点进行单因素Logistic回归,筛选Hub基因,基于Hub基因构建T2DM预测模型。结果获取补肾健脾方药物靶点1 837个,T2DM疾病靶点983个,药物-疾病交集靶点115个,主要富集于内分泌抵抗、胰岛素抵抗、胰岛素信号通路、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、细胞凋亡、细胞衰老、AMPK信号通路、糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE信号通路和HIF-1信号通路。Hub基因有NFKB1和SREBF1,预测模型曲线下面积=0.829,具有良好的预测性能。结论本研究综合生物信息学和网络药理学研究发现,补肾健脾方可能通过调控AMPK通路和AGE-RAGE等通路,发挥延缓T2DM进展作用,但仍需进一步实验验证。

关键词： 2型糖尿病补肾健脾方网络药理学生物信息学

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A Dual-Task Learning Approach for Bearing Anomaly Detection and State Evaluation of Safe Region

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期37卷 229-241页

作者： yuhua Yin Zhiliang Liu Bin Guo Mingjian Zuo School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Qingdao International Academician Park Research Institute Qingdao 266041China

Predictive maintenance has emerged as an effective tool for curbing maintenance costs,yet prevailing research predominantly concentrates on the abnormal phases.Within the ostensibly stable healthy phase,the reliance on anomaly detection to preempt equipment malfunctions faces the challenge of sudden anomaly discernment.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a dual-task learning approach for bearing anomaly detection and state evaluation of safe regions.The proposed method transforms the execution of the two tasks into an optimization issue of the hypersphere center.By leveraging the monotonicity and distinguishability pertinent to the tasks as the foundation for optimization,it reconstructs the SVDD model to ensure equilibrium in the model’s performance across the two tasks.Subsequent experiments verify the proposed method’s effectiveness,which is interpreted from the perspectives of parameter adjustment and enveloping trade-offs.In the meantime,experimental results also show two deficiencies in anomaly detection accuracy and state evaluation metrics.Their theoretical analysis inspires us to focus on feature extraction and data collection to achieve improvements.The proposed method lays the foundation for realizing predictive maintenance in a healthy stage by improving condition awareness in safe regions.

关键词： Bearing condition monitoring Anomaly detection Safe region Support vector data description

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Atomically dispersed Ni electrocatalyst for superior urea-assisted water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 1-6,I0002页

作者： Fang Luo Shuyuan Pan yuhua Xie Chen Li Yingjie Yu Zehui Yang College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials&Advanced Processing TechnologyWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200China Hubei Hydrogen Energy Technology Innovation Center Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074HubeiChina

Urea oxidation reaction(UOR) has been selected as substitution for oxygen evolution reaction ascribing to its low thermodynamic voltage as well as utilization of nickel as electrocatalyst.Herein,we report the formation of nickel single atoms(Ni-SAs) as exceptional bifunctional electrocatalyst toward UOR and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in urea-assisted water splitting.In UOR catalysis,Ni-SAs perform a superior catalytic performance than Ni-NP/NC and Pt/C ascribing to the formation of HOO-Ni-N_(4) structure evidenced by in-situ Raman spectroscopy,corresponding to a boosted mass activity by 175-fold at 1.4 V vs.RHE than Ni-NP/NC.Furthermore,Ni-SAs requires only 450 mV overpotential to obtain HER current density of 500 mA cm^(-2).136 mA cm^(-2) is achieved in urea-assisted water splitting at1.7 V for Ni-SAs,boosted by 5.7 times than Pt/C-IrO_(2) driven water splitting.

关键词： Urea oxidation reaction Hydrogen evolution reaction Nickel single atoms Water splitting

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Bioinspired sensing-memory-computing integrated vision systems: biomimetic mechanisms, design principles, and applications

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 5-27页

作者： Yujie HUANG Yinlong TAN Yan KANG Yabo CHEN yuhua TANG Tian JIANG Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology Institute for Quantum Science and Technology College of ScienceNational University of Defense Technology

With the explosion of sensory data in the Internet of Things(Io T) era, conventional machine vision systems are becoming increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of high efficiency, low energy consumption, and low latency due to their inherent shortcomings of separate sensing, memory, and computing units. Inspired by the retina and neuromorphic computing, the sensing-memory-computing integrated vision system(SMCVS) that features low power consumption, low latency, and high parallelism has been considered a promising technology to surpass the von Neumann architecture and realize strong artificial intelligence.Meanwhile, novel materials like two-dimensional semiconductors and quantum dots with novel optoelectronic performance provide hardware carriers for implementing integrated sensing-memory-computing architectures,attracting considerable attention. This paper reviews the recent research progress in bioinspired vision systems in terms of biomimetic mechanisms, design principles, computational architectures, and applications.Firstly, the biomimetic mechanisms are illustrated to guide the design of high-performance artificial visual perception systems. Then the research progress of optoelectronic-synapse-based bioinspired vision systems in the device principles and applications including image filtering, color recognition, visual adaptation, and motion detection are summarized. Finally, the challenges and future developing directions of the SMCVS are provided regarding bionic application, architecture design, and device fabrication.

关键词： sensing-memory-computing architecture neuromorphic computing retinomorphic device image recognition visual system

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pH-sensitive KHA/CMC-Fe^(3+)@CS hydrogel loading and the drug release properties of riboflavin

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 13-23页

作者： Jie Song Xi Li yuhua Niu Lijun Chen Zhiqiang Wei Yidan Li Youqian Wang Shaanxi University of Science&Technology Xi'an710021China

To improve drug utilization,reduce the drug administration frequency,increase the release time,and reduce the drug side effects in the human body,we prepared(KHA/CMC-Fe^(3+))@CS hydrogel spheres using green and natural potassium humate(KHA),carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and chitosan(CS)as raw materials and Fe3+as a crosslinking agent,and loaded them with riboflavin for drug sustainedrelease study using the drop ball method.The tests with FTIR,SEM,TG,and X-ray diffractometer showed that the coordination among KHA,CMC,and Fe^(3+)formed a three-dimensional network structure,where cs was encapsulated on the surface of the hydrogel spheres via noncovalent bonding,resulting in good thermal stability.The stability,drug loading,swelling,and in vitro release of the(KHA/CMC-Fe^(3+))@CS hydrogel spheres were investigated.The results showed that the hydrogel spheres were significantly pH-sensitive,with 11.16 g/g higher swelling in an alkaline environment(pH=7.4)than that in an acidic environment(pH=1.2).The swelling and drug release process of the hydrogel spheres were analyzed using mathematical models,concluding that the hydrogel swelling follows Schott second-order swelling kinetics,and the drug release mechanism was Fickian delivery mode.

关键词： Potassium humate Hydrogel spheres pH-sensitive Drugsustained-release Drug release model

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Abnormal grain growth induced byδ→γphase transformation in Fe-based shape memory alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 196-201页

作者： Huabei Peng Liqiu Yong Gaixia Wang Jiazhen Yan Bing Xu yuhua Wen School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610041China

Grain boundaries,including low-angle,high-angle,and coinci-dence boundaries,are intrinsic interfaces in polycrystalline materi-als.During heat-treatment at sufficiently high temperatures,grain boundary migration occurs because the grain boundaries are ther-modynamically unstable.Consequently,grain growth occurs due to a decrease in grain boundary area after heat-treatment[1].In general,there are two types of grain growth:normal grain growth,where grains grow uniformly,and abnormal grain growth,where one or a few grains selectively grow and engulf surround-ing smaller grains,leading to the formation of large grains,some-times several millimeters or greater in size[2].The classical tech-nique to achieve abnormal grain growth is the strain-annealing method,which involves subjecting the material to a small strain followed by annealing[3,4].This method has been reported to ob-tain single-crystal wires or plates[1].Additionally,abnormal grain growth can be achieved by plastic straining at high temperatures,resulting in the fabrication of large grains or single crystals[5].However,the above methods are not applicable to components with complicated shapes due to the inevitable deformation pro-cess.Recently,Omori et al.developed a simply method of abnor-mal grain growth to fabricate ultra-large grains,even single crys-tals,in Cu-Al-Mn[1],Fe-Mn-Al-Ni[2],and Fe-Mn-Al-Ni-Cr[6]al-loys.This method involves applying cyclic heat treatment between a high temperature BCC single-phase region and a low tempera-ture BCC+FCC two-phase region[1,2,6-12].Note that the cyclic heat treatment resulted in the formation of BCC sub-grain struc-tures responsible for abnormal grain growth[1,2,6-12].In addition,Yang et al.reported that abnormal grain growth occurred at above 900℃,and large-grains,even single crystals,were obtained only through annealing cast Cu-based polycrystalline alloys contained coherent nano-particles[13,14].Notably,the cyclic heat treatment and annealing cast alloys are deformation-free and much simpler than the strain-anne

关键词： grain alloys deformation

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