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Characteristics of Bi-2223 HTS Tapes Under Short-Circuit Current Impacts in Hybrid Energy Transmission Pipelines

CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 736-745页

作者： yuguang Sun chao Yin Weizhen Li Xinyang Li Xiaohua Jiang Department of Electric Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

A hybrid energy transmission pipeline is proposed with the aim of long-distance cooperative transmission of electricity and chemical fuels, which is composed of an inner high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable and outer liquefied natural gas (LNG) pipeline. The flowing LNG could maintain the operating temperature of the inner HTS power cable within the range of 85 K-90 K, thus the Bi-2223 superconductors in the HTS power cable produce little Joule loss with the transmission current below the critical current. Owing to the advantages of high power density, low transmission losses and economical manufacturing costs, the hybrid energy transmission pipeline is expected to be widely utilized in the near future. In order to ensure the safety of the HTS power cable and explosive LNG in case of short-circuit faults, this paper tests and analyzes the characteristics of Bi-2223 HTS tapes of the Type HT-CA, Type HT-SS and Type H models under short-circuit current impacts at the LNG cooling temperature (85 K-90 K). An experimental platform is designed and established for the ampacity tests of HTS tapes above LN2 cooling temperature (77 K). The AC over-current impact tests at 85 K-90 K are carried out on each sample of Bi-2223 tapes respectively, and the experimental results are analyzed and compared to evaluate their performances under different operating conditions. The results indicate that the Type HT-CA tape can withstand 50 Hz short-circuit current impact with the amplitude of 1108 A (10 times of critical current Ic ) for 100 ms at 90 K, and its resistance is the smallest of the three tested samples under similar current impacts. Therefore, the Type HT-CA Bi-2223 tape is the optimal superconductor of the HTS power cable in the hybrid energy transmission pipeline.

关键词： Bi-2223 high-temperature superconducting(HTS)tape critical current hybrid energy transmission pipeline liquefied natural gas(LNG)cooling temperature short-circuit current impact characteristics

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Amorphous Ru nanoclusters onto Co‐doped 1D carbon nanocagesenables efficient hydrogen evolution catalysis

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第1期43卷 110-116页

作者： Wenxiu Yang Weiyu Zhang Rui Liu Fan Lv yuguang chao Zichen Wang Shaojun Guo School of Materials Science & Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan) Key Laboratory of Cluster Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

析氢反应是电解水产制氢的关键反应之一.在碱性条件下,由于催化剂表面与反应过程中产生的氧物种、氢物种与催化剂的吸附未处于最佳状态,析氢反应动力学往往比较缓慢,比在酸性条件下慢2–3个数量级.目前,铂基纳米催化剂被认为是最优的析... 详细信息

析氢反应是电解水产制氢的关键反应之一.在碱性条件下,由于催化剂表面与反应过程中产生的氧物种、氢物种与催化剂的吸附未处于最佳状态,析氢反应动力学往往比较缓慢,比在酸性条件下慢2–3个数量级.目前,铂基纳米催化剂被认为是最优的析氢催化剂,但因价格昂贵、稳定性较差,限制了其在电解水器件上的大规模应用.因此,设计一种价格较为低廉、活性高和稳定性好的碱性析氢催化剂尤为必要.钌作为铂族金属之一,其价格约为铂的三分之一,但其与氢的结合能却与铂类似.因此,钌基催化剂被认为是有望替代铂作为析氢催化剂.本文结合模板法、静电纺丝和碳化热解策略构筑了一种负载无定型钌纳米簇的原子级钴掺杂一维碳纳米笼催化剂,有效提升了碱性条件下析氢反应性能.该催化剂具有较高的比表面积,丰富的缺陷结构,原子级分散的金属Co掺杂以及无定型钌纳米簇结构,并在碱性条件下催化析氢反应时,表现出了低起始过电位,低Tafel斜率(62 mV dec–1)和高稳定性.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,该催化剂中钌和钴以无定型形式存在.选区电子衍射结果表明了无定型结构的存在,并且钌以纳米簇形式存在,其平均粒径为1.48 nm.X射线光电子能谱结果表明该催化剂含有较高的氮掺杂,拉曼光谱证明了其存在碳缺陷结构.进一步通过X射线近边吸收谱和扩展边精细结构谱研究了钌和钴的配位环境,结果发现,钌带轻微正电荷,并且存在Ru–Ru键;钴带正电荷,价态介于0与+2价之间,其主要与N配位.在1 mol/L氢氧化钾电解液中,该杂化催化剂的电催化活性明显高于没有钴掺杂的催化剂以及商业化铂/碳催化剂.在电流密度为10 mAcm–2时,过电位仅为40 mV,在过电位为100 mV时,该催化剂的质量催化活性达到了3.77 mAμgRu–1,远超商业化铂/碳(2.01 mAμgRu–1)和钌/碳(1.66 mAμgRu–1).该催化剂也表现出了优异的析氢催化稳定性, 5000圈循环后, 10 mAcm–2下的过电位仅增加了2 mV,在恒电流测试中, 10 h后电位仅下降了95 mV.

关键词：无定型钌纳米簇单原子富缺陷碳析氢反应电催化

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Light touch in quantum:an interview with Prof.Serge Haroche

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 10-16页

作者： chao-Yang Lu CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics HefeiChina NYU Shanghai NYU-ECNU Institute of PhysicsShanghaiChina University of Science and Technology of China Department of Modern PhysicsShanghaiChina

Lu:Hello,Prof.Haroche,nice to see you again!Let us start the interview.In 2012,you and David Wineland won the Nobel Prize in Physics.Can you describe your work in simple terms to a general audience?And can you tell us how you were originally interested in this field and got into this study?Haroche:Maybe I should start with the second part of the question.I got interested in atomic physics when I was a student atÉcole Normale Supérieure(ENS)in Paris in the 1960s.

关键词： quantum interview Serge

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Global collaboration of eye research--personal experience

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第6期17卷 985-990页

作者： Chi-chao Chan Laboratory of Immunology National Eye InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892-1858USA Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 5410060Guangdong ProvinceChina

On December 9,2023,I was privileged to be honored and participate in the Dr.Chi chao Chan Symposium on Global Collaboration of Eye Research as the Global Eye Genetic Consortium(GEGC)session,which was held in the 16th Congress of the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-Retina Society(APVRS)in Hong Kong.Along with my talk on“Global collaboration of eye research:personal experience”,other prominent international speakers provided their own perspectives on opportunities for networking,collaboration,and exchange of ideas with global leaders and experts in ophthalmic practice,research,and education.

关键词： speakers collaboration Global

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On the Proper Holomorphic Mappings between Equidimensional Hartogs Domains over Hermitian Symmetric Manifolds

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第5期40卷 1215-1228页

作者： En chao BI School of Mathematics and Statistics Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071P.R.China

In this paper,we study a family of Hartogs domains fibred over Hermitian symmetric manifolds being a unit ball in C^(m).The aim of the present study is to establish the rigidity results about proper holomorphic mappings between two equidimensional Hartogs domains over Hermitian symmetric manifolds.In particular,we can fully determine its biholomorphic equivalence and automorphism group.

关键词： Proper holomorphic mapping Hartogs domains Hermitian symmetric manifolds

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Thioacetamide Additive Homogenizing Zn Deposition Revealed by In Situ Digital Holography for Advanced Zn Ion Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第6期16卷 261-275页

作者： Kaixin Ren Min Li Qinghong Wang Baohua Liu Chuang Sun Boyu Yuan chao Lai Lifang Jiao chao Wang School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices School ofPhysics and Electronic EngineeringJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai University300071 TianjinPeople’s Republic of China

Zinc ion batteries are considered as potential energy storage devices due to their advantages of low-cost,high-safety,and high theoretical capacity.However,dendrite growth and chemical corrosion occurring on Zn anode limit their commercialization.These problems can be tackled through the optimization of the electrolyte.However,the screening of electrolyte additives using normal electrochemical methods is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Herein,a fast and simple method based on the digital holography is developed.It can realize the in situ monitoring of electrode/electrolyte interface and provide direct information concerning ion concentration evolution of the diffusion layer.It is effective and time-saving in estimating the homogeneity of the deposition layer and predicting the tendency of dendrite growth,thus able to value the applicability of electrolyte additives.The feasibility of this method is further validated by the forecast and evaluation of thioacetamide additive.Based on systematic characterization,it is proved that the introduction of thioacetamide can not only regulate the interficial ion flux to induce dendrite-free Zn deposition,but also construct adsorption molecule layers to inhibit side reactions of Zn anode.Being easy to operate,capable of in situ observation,and able to endure harsh conditions,digital holography method will be a promising approach for the interfacial investigation of other battery systems.

关键词： Digital holographic microscopy In situ observation Electrode/electrolyte interface Zn dendrites Screening electrolyte additives

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Single transmembrane GPCR modulating proteins:neither single nor simple

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Protein & Cell 2024年第6期15卷 395-402页

作者： Meng Wang Jianjun Lyu chao Zhang Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011China Hubei Topgene Research Institute of Hubei Topgene Biotechnology Co. LtdEast Lake High-Tech Development ZoneWuhan 430205China Fundamental Research Center Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The discovery of G-protein coupled receptor(GPCR)accessory proteins has fundamentally redefined the pharmacological concept of GPCR signaling,demonstrating a more complex molecular basis for receptor specificity on the plasma membrane and impressionable downstream intracellular cascades.GPCR accessory proteins not only contribute to the proper folding and trafficking of receptors but also exhibit selectable receptor preferences.

关键词： specificity GPCR neither

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Amorphous oxide semiconductor for monolithic 3D DRAM: an enabler or passer-by?

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 19-20页

作者： Shujuan Mao Guilei Wang chao Zhao Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology

Since dynamic random-access memory(DRAM) was invented in 1968 and put to market in the 1970s, 1 transistor plus 1 capacitor(1T1C)(Fig. 1a) cells have been used to take advantage of their structural simplicity and ease...

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Tracked robot with underactuated tension-driven RRP transformable mechanism:ideas and design

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期19卷 85-104页

作者： Ran XU chao LIU School of Mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing Measuring and Control Technology(Ministry of Education)Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

Robots with transformable tracked mechanisms are widely used in complex terrains because of their high adaptability,and many studies on novel locomotion mechanisms have been conducted to make them able to climb higher obstacles.Developing underactuated transformable mechanisms for tracked robots could decrease the number of actuators used while maintaining the flexibility and obstacle-crossing capability of these robots,and increasing their cost performance.Therefore,the underactuated tracked robots have appreciable research potential.In this paper,a novel tracked robot with a newly proposed underactuated revolute‒revolute‒prismatic(RRP)transformable mechanism,which is inspired by the sit-up actions of humans,was developed.The newly proposed tracked robot has only two actuators installed on the track pulleys for moving and does not need extra actuators for transformations.Instead,it could concentrate the track belt’s tension toward one side,and the unbalanced tension would drive the linkage mechanisms to change its configuration.Through this method,the proposed underactuated design could change its external shape to create support points with the terrain and move its center of mass actively at the same time while climbing obstacles or crossing other kinds of terrains,thus greatly improving the climbing capability of the robot.The geometry and kinematic relationships of the robot and the crossing strategies for three kinds of typical obstacles are discussed.On the basis of such crossing motions,the parameters of links in the robot are designed to make sure the robot has sufficient stability while climbing obstacles.Terrain-crossing dynamic simulations were run and analyzed to prove the feasibility of the robot.A prototype was built and tested.Experiments show that the proposed robot could climb platforms with heights up to 33.3%of the robot’s length or cross gaps with widths up to 43.5%of the robot’s length.

关键词： mechanical design tracked robot underactuated mechanisms RRP mechanism obstacle crossing strategy

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How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 394-423页

作者： Bo Yu Dai-Yin chao Yang Zhao Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture The Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land plants.Plants sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water deficiency.Scientists have studied how plants sense drought stress,or osmotic stress caused by drought,ever since Charles Darwin,and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in plants.Osmotic stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level,including changes in turgor,cell wall stiffness and integrity,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume,and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream responses.In this review,we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms,compared putative signal inputs in cell wall-containing and cell wall-free organisms,prospected how plants sense changes in turgor,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants,animals,yeasts,and bacteria,summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs,such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation,membrane water permeability,root hydrotropism,root halotropism,Casparian strip and suberin lamellae,and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple osmosensors.We also discussed the core scientific questions,provided perspective about the future directions in this field,and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source-sink allocations for generating future high-yield stress-resistant crops and plants.

关键词： cell volume drought membrane tension osmotic stress turgor

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