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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1093-1103页

作者： yue Qiu Le Xie Xiaohui Wang Kai Xu Xue Bai Sen Chen Yu sun Department of Otorhinolaryngology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Department of Otolaryngology Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006China

GJB2 gene mutations are the most common causes of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hereditary *** individuals suffering from severe to profound GJB2-related deafness,cochlear implants have emerged as the sole remedy for auditory *** previous studies have highlighted the crucial role of preserving cochlear neural components in achieving favorable outcomes after cochlear ***,we generated a conditional knockout mouse model(Cx26-CKO)in which Cx26 was completely deleted in the cochlear supporting cells driven by the Sox2 *** Cx26-CKO mice showed severe hearing loss and massive loss of hair cells and Deiter’s cells,which represented the extreme form of human deafness caused by GJB2 gene *** addition,multiple pathological changes in the peripheral auditory nervous system were found,including abnormal innervation,demyelination,and degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons as well as disruption of heminodes in Cx26-CKO *** findings provide invaluable insights into the deafness mechanism and the treatment for severe deafness in Cx26-null mice.

关键词： Spiral ganglion neurons Gjb2 Heminode Hearing loss

Evicting and filling attack for linking multiple network addresses of Bitcoin nodes

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Cybersecurity 2024年第3期7卷 49-68页

作者： Huashuang Yang Jinqiao Shi yue Gao Xuebin Wang Yanwei sun Ruisheng Shi Dongbin Wang School of Cyberspace Security Bejing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijingChina Tsinghua University Bejing 100084China Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Bitcoin is a decentralized P2P *** supports users to use pseudonyms instead of network addresses to send and receive transactions at the data layer,hiding users'real network *** transaction tracing attack cuts through the network layer to directly associate each transaction with the network address that issued it,thus revealing the sender's network *** this attack can be mitigated by Bitcoin's network layer privacy *** Bitcoin protects the unlinkability of Bitcoin addresses and there may be a many-to-one relation-ship between addresses and nodes,transactions sent from the same node via different addresses are seen as com-ing from different nodes because attackers can only use addresses as node *** this paper,we proposed the evicting and flling attack to expose the correlations between addresses and cluster transactions sent from different addresses of the same *** attack exploited the unisolation of Bitcoin's incoming connection processing *** particular,an attacker can utilize the shared connection pool and deterministic connection eviction strategy to infer the correlation between incoming and evicting connections,as well as the correlation between releasing and flling *** on inferred results,different addresses of the same node with these connections can be linked together,whether they are of the same or different network *** designed a multi-step attack procedure,and set reasonable attack parameters through analyzing the factors that affect the attack effciency and *** mounted this attack on both our self-run nodes and multi-address nodes in real Bitcoin network,achieving an aver-age accuracy of 96.9% and 82%,***,we found that the attack is also applicable to Zcash,Litecoin,Dogecoin,Bitcoin Cash,and *** analyzed the cost of network-wide attacks,the application scenario,and proposed countermeasures of this attack.

关键词： Security and privacy Bitcoin Address linking

A survey on large language model(LLM)security and privacy:The Good,The Bad,and The Ugly

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High-Confidence Computing 2024年第2期4卷 12-32页

作者： Yifan Yao Jinhao Duan Kaidi Xu Yuanfang Cai Zhibo sun yue Zhang Department of Computer Science Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Large Language Models(LLMs),such as ChatGPT and Bard,have revolutionized natural language understanding and *** possess deep language comprehension,human-like text generation capabilities,contextual awareness,and robust problem-solving skills,making them invaluable in various domains(e.g.,search engines,customer support,translation).In the meantime,LLMs have also gained traction in the security community,revealing security vulnerabilities and showcasing their potential in security-related *** paper explores the intersection of LLMs with security and ***,we investigate how LLMs positively impact security and privacy,potential risks and threats associated with their use,and inherent vulnerabilities within *** a comprehensive literature review,the paper categorizes the papers into‘‘The Good’’(beneficial LLM applications),‘‘The Bad’’(offensive applications),and‘‘The Ugly’’(vulnerabilities of LLMs and their defenses).We have some interesting *** example,LLMs have proven to enhance code security(code vulnerability detection)and data privacy(data confidentiality protection),outperforming traditional ***,they can also be harnessed for various attacks(particularly user-level attacks)due to their human-like reasoning *** have identified areas that require further research *** example,Research on model and parameter extraction attacks is limited and often theoretical,hindered by LLM parameter scale and *** instruction tuning,a recent development,requires more *** hope that our work can shed light on the LLMs’potential to both bolster and jeopardize cybersecurity.

关键词： Large Language Model(LLM) LLM security LLM privacy ChatGPT LLM attacks LLM vulnerabilities

Amitriptyline inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the ASM/CE pathway in a cell model of NAFLD

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BIOCELL 2024年第5期48卷 759-769页

作者： QIN LIU CHUNYAN NIU QIANG ZHANG SHIQIN sun yue CHEN YONGQIANG SHI Shengli Clinical Medical College Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350001China Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing Lishui People’s HospitalZhongda Hospital Lishui BranchSoutheast UniversityNanjing211200China Department of Gastroenterology Yancheng Third People’s Hospital(The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University)Yancheng224000China Administrative Department of Teaching and Scientific Research Nanjing Lishui People’s HospitalZhongda Hospital Lishui BranchSoutheast UniversityNanjing211200China

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a global health concern with the acid sphingomyelinase(ASM)/ceramide(CE)pathway and the NOD-like receptor family,pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome identified as pivotal players in lipid disorders and *** study explores the interaction mechanism between the ASM/CE pathway and NLRP3 in NAFLD cell models,aiming to understand the impact of amitriptyline(Ami),an ASM inhibitor,on lipid deposition and hepatocyte injury by regulating the ASM/CE-NLRP3 ***:HepG2 and HL-7702 cells were exposed to free fatty acids(FFAs)to establish the NAFLD *** cells were divided into 5 groups:control group,model group,Ami group,tumor necrosis factoralpha(TNF-α)group,and Ami+TNF-α*** lipid droplets were visualized using Oil Red O staining,and Western blot analysis quantified ASM,NLRP3,and caspase 1 protein *** linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was measured CE and ASM levels,while qRT-PCR assessed mRNA *** apoptotic rate was evaluated by flow cytometry(FCM).Results:Following FFAs incubation,significant increases in ASM and CE levels were observed in HepG2 and HL-7702 cells,accompanied by elevated expression of NLRP3,and caspase 1,and IL-1β.TNF-αtreatment further amplified these *** demonstrated a reduction in lipid deposition,suppressed ASM/CE pathway activation,downregulated NLRP3 and caspase 1 expression,and improved ***,MCC950,a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3,mitigated NLRP3,caspase 1,and IL-1βexpression,alleviating lipid deposition and apoptosis in the NAFLD cell ***:The ASM/CE-NLRP3 pathway in NAFLD cells promotes hepatocyte steatosis,inflammation,and cell *** emerges as a promising therapeutic agent by inhibiting the ASM/CE-NLRP3 pathway,underscoring its potential as a key target for NAFLD treatment.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatocyte Amitriptyline ASM/CE pathway NLRP3 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Synthesis,chemical bonding and reactivity of new medium-sized polyarsenides

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 497-501页

作者： Xu-Hui yue Xiang-Wen Zhang Hui-Min He Lei Qiao Zhong-Ming sun State Key Laboratory of Element-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Institution Rare Earth Materials and ApplicationsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Department of Physics Institute of Computational and Applied PhysicsTaiyuan Normal UniversityJinzhong 030619China

Gaining an understanding of the growth mechanism from single atoms to clusters and bulk materials continues to present a ***,it is important to explore the evolving trends of clusters in the structure and properties during the size *** this work,we report the synthesis and characterization of two medium-sized chain-like polyarsenic anions.[As_(21)]^(3-)represents a trimeric example of polyarsenic anion assembled through oxidative coupling of As_(7)^(3-)*** anion As_(18)^(4-)included in[As_(18)MO_(2)(CO)_(8)]^(4-)is regarded as formed by two realgar-type As_(8)subunits connected by a dinuclear AsAs *** As_(18)cluster was previously predicted by theory,and this is the first time successfully synthesized using wet chemistry ***,small-sized polyarsenides As_(2)^(2-)and As_(10)^(2-)were found in compound[K(18-crown-6)]_(3)[As_(10)]_(0.5)[As_(4){Mo(CO)_(3)}_(2)]_(0.5)·*** these,the former exhibits coordination with metal ***-crystal X-ray diffraction combined with quantum chemical calculations revealed the formation of double bonded As_(2)^(2-)stabilized by metal carbonyl *** work demonstrates a novel synthetic approach for the preparation of new polyarsenides and highlights their intriguing bonding characteristics,laying the foundation for the synthesis of such compounds and paving the way for their potential applications.

关键词： Polyarsenide Zintl anions Chain-like cluster DFT calculations AdNDP

Healing the structural defects of spinel MnFe_(2)O_(4) to enhance the electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 12-19,I0001页

作者： Manting Tang yue Zou Zhiyong Jiang Peiyu Ma Zhiyou Zhou Xiaodi Zhu Jun Bao Shi-Gang sun National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 36005 FujianChina iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina

Spinel metal oxides containing Mn,Co,or Fe(AB_(2)O_(4),A/B=Mn/Fe/Co)are one of the most promising nonPt electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in alkaline ***,the low conductivity of metal oxides and the poor intrinsic activities of transition metal sites lead to unsatisfactory ORR *** this study,eutectic molten salt(EMS)treatment is employed to reconstruct the atomic arrangement of MnFe_(2)O_(4)electrocatalyst as a prototype for enhancing ORR *** analyses by using XAFS,soft XAS,XPS,and electrochemical methods reveal that the EMS treatment reduces the oxygen vacancies and spinel inverse in MnFe_(2)O_(4)effectively,which improves the electric conductivity and increases the population of more catalytically active Mn^(2+)sites with tetrahedral ***,the enhanced Mn-O interaction after EMS treatment is conducive to the adsorption and activation of O_(2),which promotes the first electron transfer step(generally considered as the ratedetermining step)of the ORR *** a result,the EMS treated MnFe_(2)O_(4)catalyst delivers a positive shift of 40 mV in the ORR half-wave potential and a two-fold enhanced mass/specific *** work provides a convenient approach to manipulate the atomic architecture and local electronic structure of spinel oxides as ORR electrocatalysts and a comprehensive understanding of the structureperformance relationship from the molecular/atomic scale.

关键词： Spinel MnFe_(2)O_(4) Oxygen reduction reaction Spinel inverse Oxygen vacancies Eutectic molten salt

Imaging Carotid Plaque Burden in Living Mice via Hybrid Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles-Based Near-Infrared-II Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 71-81页

作者： Li Xu Zhe Li Yuan Ma Lingling Lei Renye yue Hui Cao Shuangyan Huan Wei sun Guosheng Song State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringEngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China. Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational MedicineNanjingMedical University Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029JiangsuChina.

The majority of atherothrombotic events (e.g., cerebral or myocardial infarction) often occur as a result of plaque rupture or erosion in the carotid, and thereby it is urgent to assess plaque vulnerability and predict adverse cerebrovascular events. However, the monitoring evolution from stable plaque into life-threatening high-risk plaque in the slender carotid artery is a great challenge, due to not enough spatial resolution for imaging the carotid artery based on most of reported fluorescent probes. Herein, copolymerizing with the small molecules of acceptor-donor-acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A′-D-A) and the electron-donating units (D′), the screened second near-infrared (NIR-II) nanoprobe presents high quantum yield and good stability, so that it enables to image slender carotid vessel with enough spatial resolution. Encouragingly, NIR-II nanoprobe can effectively target to intraplaque macrophage, meanwhile distinguishing vulnerable plaque in carotid atherosclerosis in living mice. Moreover, the NIR-II nanoprobe can dynamically monitor the fresh bleeding spots in carotid plaque, indicating the increased risk of plaque instability. Besides, magnetic resonance imaging is integrated with NIR-II fluorescence imaging to provide contrast for subtle structure (e.g., narrow lumen and lipid pool), via incorporating ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide into the NIR-II nanoprobe. Thus, such hybrid NIR-II/magnetic resonance imaging multimodal nanoprobe provides an effective tool for assessing carotid plaque burden, selecting high-risk plaque, and imaging intraplaque hemorrhage, which is promising for reducing cerebral/ myocardial infarction-associated morbidity and mortality.

关键词： enough conducting Infrared

Design and construction of size-controlled CoO/CS catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2520-2527页

作者： Wei sun Ting Kuang Guiyou Wei yue Li Yaqin Liu Shuai Lyu Yuhua Zhang Jinlin Li Li Wang Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education&Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science South-Central Minzu UniversityWuhan 430074China Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing&Finishing College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200China

The use of supported Co-based catalysts is widespread in various catalytic reactions due to their unique *** structural sensitivity of these catalysts is closely linked to their particle size and crystal ***,comprehending the structure–activity relationship requires the development of well-defined Co-based ***,we employed a colloidal wet chemical process and a heterogeneous nucleation method to prepare well-defined Co-based catalysts supported by inert carbon *** nanospheres’surface possesses abundant functional groups that efficiently capture metal complexes and facilitate the nucleation and growth of CoO *** adjusting the Co source concentration,solvent molar ratio,and nucleation growth kinetics,we successfully prepared CoO/carbon sphere(CS)catalysts with different particle sizes and crystal *** influence of metallic face-centered cubic(fcc)-Co^(0) particle size in the range of 6.6–17.6 nm on the performance of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis(FTS)using well-defined CoO/CS catalysts has been *** result demonstrated that the turnover frequency(TOF)remained constant for CoO/CS catalysts with metallic fcc-Co^(0) particle size larger than 7.7 ***,both the selectivity and the activity changed for CoO/CS catalysts with smaller particles(<7.7 nm).Significantly,when metallic fcc-Co^(0) particle size was reduced from 17.6 to 7.7 nm,the cobalt time yield increased to 6.7μmolCO·gCo^(-1)·s^(-1),indicating improved catalytic *** the same time,the CH_(4) selectivity decreased to 4.9%,suggesting a higher preference for hydrocarbon *** findings demonstrate the importance of particle size in Co catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch *** use of well-defined CoO/CS catalysts offers valuable insights into the structure–activity relationship,leading to a better understanding of Co catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.

关键词： Fischer–Tropsch synthesis(FTS) cobalt size effects phase effects carbon nanospheres

FUT8-mediated aberrant N-glycosylation of SEMA7A promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第2期16卷 333-348页

作者： Zhonglong Liu Xiaoyan Meng Yuxin Zhang Jingjing sun Xiao Tang Zhiyuan Zhang Liu Liu yue He Department of Oral Maxillofacial&Head and Neck Oncology Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseShanghaiChina Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghaiChina Department of Oral Pathology Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease ShanghaiShanghaiChina

SEMA7A belongs to the Semaphorin family and is involved in the oncogenesis and tumor *** glycosylation has been intricately linked with immune escape and tumor ***7A is a highly glycosylated protein with five glycosylated *** underlying mechanisms of SEMA7A glycosylation and its contribution to immunosuppression and tumorigenesis are ***,we identify overexpression and aberrant N-glycosylation of SEMA7A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,and elucidate fucosyltransferase FUT8 catalyzes aberrant core fucosylation in SEMA7A at N-linked oligosaccharides(Asn 105,157,258,330,and 602)via a direct protein‒protein interaction.A glycosylated statue of SEMA7A is necessary for its intra-cellular trafficking from the cytoplasm to the *** EGF triggers SEMA7A N-glycosylation through increasing the binding affinity of SEMA7A toward FUT8,whereas TGF-β1 promotes abnormal glycosylation of SEMA7A via induction of epithelial–mesenchymal *** N-glycosylation of SEMA7A leads to the differentiation of CD8^(+)T cells along a trajectory toward an exhausted state,thus shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment and being resistant immunogenic cell *** of SEMA7A significantly improves the clinical outcome of EGFR-targeted and anti-PD-L1-based ***,we also define RBM4,a splice regulator,as a downstream effector of glycosylated SEMA7A and a pivotal mediator of PD-L1 alternative *** findings suggest that targeting FUT8-SEMA7A axis might be a promising strategy for improving antitumor responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.

关键词： aberrant squamous SEMA

Dietary crude protein and protein solubility manipulation enhances intestinal nitrogen absorption and mitigates reactive nitrogen emissions through gut microbiota and metabolome reprogramming in sheep

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 57-71页

作者： Zhenbin Zhang Yiquan sun Xinhuang Zhong Jun Zhu Sihan Yang Yalan Gu Xiang Yu yue Lu Zhiqi Lu Xuezhao sun Mengzhi Wang Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009ZhejiangChina State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation SciencesShihezi 832000XinjiangChina Shanghai Frontan Animal Health Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201502China AgResearch(Grasslands Research Centre) Palmerston North4410New Zealand

Dietary nutrient manipulation(*** fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with decreased crude protein(CP)on intestinal N absorption,hindgut N metabolism,fecal microbiota and metabolites,and their linkage with N metabolism ***-two male Hu sheep,with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37±1.18 kg,were randomly assigned to four dietary *** control diet(CON),aligning with NRC standards,maintained a CP content of 16.7%on a dry matter ***,the experimental diets(LPA,LPB,and LPC)featured a 10%reduction in CP compared with CON,accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2%,25.9%,and 29.4%of CP,*** results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine,ammonia,urea N,and fecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)(P<0.05).Notably,LPB and LPC exhibited increased total SCFA and propionate concentrations compared with LPA(P<0.05).The enrichment of the Prevotella genus in fecal microbiota associated with energy metabolism and amino acid(AA)biosynthesis pathways was evident with SP levels in low-protein diets of approximately 25%to 30%.Moreover,LPB and LPC diets demonstrated a decrease in fecal NHþ4 eN and NO2 eN contents as well as urease activity,compared with CON(P<0.05).Concomitantly,reductions in fecal glutamic acid dehydrogenase gene(gdh),nitrite reductase gene(nirS),and nitric oxide reductase gene(norB)abundances were observed(P<0.05),pointing towards a potential reduction in reactive N production at the *** significance,the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small intestine(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and the elevated concentration of plasma AA(***,methionine,aspartate,glutamate,etc.)underscored the enhancement of N absorption and N *** summary,a 10%reduction in CP,coupled with an

关键词： Soluble protein Low-protein diet Nitrogen metabolism Reactive nitrogen Fecal microbiota and metabolome Energy and nitrogen utilization efficiency