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Ecological impacts of the expansion of offshore wind farms on trophic level species of marine food chain

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 226-244页

作者： Lijing Wang Bangguo Wang Wenxi Cen Rui Xu Yuwei Huang Xin zhang Yinghui Han yuanxun zhang College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012China National Joint Research Center for Yangtze River Conservation Beijing 100012China College of Environmental Engineering Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

The global demand for renewable energy has resulted in a rapid expansion of offshore wind farms(OWFs)and increased attention to the ecological impacts of OWFs on the marine ecosystem.Previous reviews mainly focused on the OWFs’impacts on individual species like birds,bats,or mammals.This review collected numerous field-measured data and simulated results to summarize the ecological impacts on phytoplankton,zooplankton,zoobenthos,fishes,and mammals from each trophic level and also analyze their interactions in the marine food chain.Phytoplankton and zooplankton are positively or adversely affected by the‘wave effect’,‘shading effect’,oxygen depletion and predation pressure,leading to a ±10% fluctuation of primary production.Although zoobenthos are threatened transiently by habitat destruction with a reduction of around 60% in biomass in the construction stage,their abundance exhibited an over 90% increase,dominated by sessile species,due to the‘reef effect’in the operation stage.Marine fishes and mammals are to endure the interferences of noise and electromagnetic,but they are also aggregated around OWFs by the‘reef effect’and‘reserve effect’.Furthermore,the complexity of marine ecosystem would increase with a promotion of the total system biomass by 40% through trophic cascade effects strengthen and resource partitioning alternation triggered by the proliferation of filter-feeders.The suitable site selection,long-term monitoring,and life-cycle-assessment of ecological impacts of OWFs that are lacking in current literature have been described in this review,as well as the carbon emission and deposition.

关键词： Offshore wind farms(OWFs) Ecological impacts Plankton Benthos Fish Mammal

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Advances in methane emissions from agricultural sources:Part I.Accounting and mitigation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 279-291页

作者： Xiaokun Wu Ying zhang Yinghui Han Yagang zhang Yuhang zhang Xiaodan Cheng Pei Zhong Xue Yuan yuanxun zhang Zhengqiang Li State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Interdisciplinary Mathematics Institute University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208United States Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China

Methane is one of the major greenhouse gases(GHGs)and agriculture is recognized as its primary emitter.Methane accounting is a prerequisite for developing effective agriculture mitigation strategies.In this review,methane accounting methods and research status for various agricultural emission source including rice fields,animal enteric fermentation and livestock and poultry manure management were overview,and the influencing factors of each emission source were analyzed and discussed.At the same time,it analyzes the different research efforts involving agricultural methane accounting and makes recommendations based on the actual situation.Finally,mitigation strategies based on accounting results and actual situation are proposed.This review aims to provide basic data and reference for agriculture-oriented countries and regions to actively participate in climate action and carry out effective methane emission mitigation.

关键词： Methane emission Agricultural sources Accounting methodology Mitigation Emission influencing factors

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Insights into reactive oxygen species formation induced by water-soluble organic compounds and transition metals using spectroscopic method

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 835-845页

作者： Tianyi Zhao Yu Yan Bian Zhou Xuezhen Zhong Xiaoyu Hu Lijia zhang Peng Huo Kang Xiao yuanxun zhang Yang zhang College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Resource and Environmental Branch China National Institute of StandardizationHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material&Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China

Ambient particulate matter(PM)can cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS).Water-Soluble Organic Compounds(WSOCs),a complex mixture of organic compounds which usually coexist with Transition Metals(TMs)in PM,have been found to contribute to ROS formation.However,the interaction between WSOCs and TMs and its effect on ROS generation are still unknown.In this study,we examined the ROS concentrations of V,Zn,Suwannee River Fulvic Acid(SRFA),Suwannee River Humic Acid(SRHA)and the mixtures of V/Zn and SRFA/SRHA by using a cell-free 2’,7’-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein(DCFH)assay.The results showed that V or Zn synergistically promoted ROS generated by SRFA,but had an antagonistic effect on ROS generated by SRHA.Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that V and Zn were more prone to form stable complexes with aromatic humic acid-like component(C1)and fulvic acidlike component(C3)in SRFA and SRHA.Results suggested that the underlying mechanism involving the fulvic acid-like component in SRFA more tending to complex with TMs to facilitate ROS generation throughπelectron transfer.Our work showed that the complexing ability and complexing stability of atmospheric PM organics with metals could significantly affect ROS generation.It is recommended that the research deploying multiple analytical methods to quantify the impact of PM components on public health and environment is needed in the future.

关键词： Water-soluble organic carbons Transition metals Reactive oxygen species Excitation-emission matrix

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Impact of Beijing’s“Coal to Electricity”program on ambient PM_(2.5) and the associated reactive oxygen species(ROS)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第11期133卷 93-106页

作者： Kaining Zhao yuanxun zhang Jing Shang James JSchauer Wei Huang Jingyu Tian Shujian Yang Dongqing Fang Dong zhang College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53718USA Institute of Environmental Reference Materials of Environmental Development Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment Beijing 100029China Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China

The Beijing“Coal to Electricity”program provides a unique opportunity to explore air quality impacts by replacing residential coal burning with electrical appliances.In this study,the atmospheric ROS(Gas-phase ROS and Particle-phase ROS,abbreviated to G-ROS and P-ROS)were measured by an online instrument in parallel with concurrent PM_(2.5) sample collections analyzed for chemical composition and cellular ROS in a baseline year(Coal Use Year-CUY)and the first year following implementation of the“Coal to Electricity”program(Coal Ban Year-CBY).The results showed PM_(2.5) concentrations had no significant difference between the two sampling periods,but the activities of G-ROS,P-ROS,and cellular ROS in CBY were 8.72 nmol H_(2)O_(2)/m^(3),9.82 nmol H 2 O 2/m 3,and 2045.75μg UD/mg PM higher than in CUY.Six sources were identified by factor-analysis from the chemical components of PM_(2.5).Secondary sources(SECs)were the dominant source of PM_(2.5) in the two periods,with 15.90%higher contribution in CBY than in CUY.Industrial Emission&Coal Combustion sources(Ind.&CCs),mainly from regional transport,also increased significantly in CBY.The contributions of Aged Sea Salt&Residential Burning sources to PM_(2.5) decreased 5.31% from CUY to CBY.The correlation results illustrated that Ind.&CCs had significant positive correlations with atmospheric ROS,and SECs significantly associated with cellular ROS,especially nitrates(r=0.626,p=0.000).Therefore,the implementation of the“Coal to Electricity”program reduced PM_(2.5) contributions from coal and biomass combustion,but had little effect on the improvement of atmospheric and cellular ROS.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Reactive oxygen species(ROS) Factor analysis(FA) Correlation Principal component regression(PCR)

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Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of anthracene with selected atmospheric oxidants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1817-1823页

作者： Yang zhang Jinian Shu yuanxun zhang Bo Yang Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The reactions of gas-phase anthracene and suspended anthracene particles with O3 and O3-NO were conducted in a 200-L reaction chamber, respectively. The secondary organic aerosol （SOA） formations from gas-phase reactions of anthracene with O3 and O3-NO were observed. Meanwhile, the size distributions and mass concentrations of SOA were monitored with a scanning mobility particle sizer （SMPS） during the formation processes. The rapid exponential growths of SOA reveal that the atmospheric lifetimes of gas-phase anthracene towards O3 and O3-NO are less than 20.5 and 4.34 hr, respectively. The particulate oxidation products from homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were analyzed with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer （VUV-ATOFMS）. Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer （GC/MS） analyses of oxidation products of anthracene were carried out for assigning the time-of-flight （TOF） mass spectra of products from homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Anthrone, anthraquinone, 9,10- dihydroxyanthracene, and 1,9,10-trihydroxyanthracene were the ozonation products of anthracene, while anthrone, anthraquinone, 9-nitroanthracene, and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone were the main products of anthracene with O3-NO.

关键词： anthracene ozonation secondary organic aerosol heterogeneous reaction aerosol mass spectrometer

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基于充气薄膜的可展开帆板结构设计

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中国空间科学技术（中英文） 2024年第2期44卷 30-39页

作者：张元勋徐莉萍张晓敏黄镐重庆大学航空航天学院重庆400030 北京紫微宇通科技有限公司北京100080

充气薄膜结构具有质量轻、收纳比高的优势。通过理论分析及实验验证的方法,得到了充气薄膜管承载力矩与充气内压、管道内径、展开程度之间的映射关系。进一步通过“厚度包边”法处理二级展开帆板的厚度问题,设计了转动锁定、转动-滑移... 详细信息

充气薄膜结构具有质量轻、收纳比高的优势。通过理论分析及实验验证的方法,得到了充气薄膜管承载力矩与充气内压、管道内径、展开程度之间的映射关系。进一步通过“厚度包边”法处理二级展开帆板的厚度问题,设计了转动锁定、转动-滑移锁定、搭接锁定连接结构,提出薄膜管驱动的二级可展开矩形帆板、圆形帆板以及百叶窗式矩形帆板三种大尺度可展开帆板结构形式,并进行展开状态的模态仿真,对比其模态振型。本设计可为大尺度充气可展开结构形式提供参考。

关键词：薄膜展开承载力矩展开锁定折展机构

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空心绣球状MoS_(2)/ZnS/ZnO异质结材料的制备及太阳光下降解四环素的研究

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贵州师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第3期42卷 122-128页

作者：李荡张杨李远勋凯里学院理学院贵州凯里556011

采用水热法制备绣球状ZnO纳米微球,再以其为晶核,通过原位生长及氨的渗入腐蚀成功制备了空心绣球状MoS_(2)/ZnS/ZnO异质结光催化材料。采用SEM、TEM、XRD、XPS、BET及UV-VIS对样品的形貌、组织结构、成分、比表面积及光吸收等性能进行... 详细信息

采用水热法制备绣球状ZnO纳米微球,再以其为晶核,通过原位生长及氨的渗入腐蚀成功制备了空心绣球状MoS_(2)/ZnS/ZnO异质结光催化材料。采用SEM、TEM、XRD、XPS、BET及UV-VIS对样品的形貌、组织结构、成分、比表面积及光吸收等性能进行了表征。探讨了空心绣球状MoS_(2)/ZnS/ZnO异质结材料的形成机制,研究了空心绣球状MoS_(2)/ZnS/ZnO异质结材料催化降解机理及四环素的降解过程。结果表明:尺寸均一、比面积大的空心绣球状MoS_(2)/ZnS/ZnO异质结材料不仅能实现宽窄带隙材料的有效杂化,促进材料对太阳光中可见光的利用,还能使光生电子及空穴分别转移至ZnO CB和MoS_(2)VB中,有效地分离了光生电子空穴,光催化性能最佳。在太阳光模拟器的照射下反应2 h之后,8 h合成的空心绣球状MoS_(2)/ZnS/ZnO异质结材料对四环素的降解效果最好,降解率高达91%。

关键词：空心绣球状 MoS_(2)/ZnS/ZnO 原位生长催化降解机理四环素

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Sources, evolution and impacts of EC and OC in snow on sea ice： a measurement study in Barrow, Alaska

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Science Bulletin 2017年第22期62卷 1547-1554页

作者： Tingfeng Dou Cunde Xiao Zhiheng Du J. J. Schauer Hong Ren Baozhu Ge Aihong Xie Jihua Tan Pingqing Fu yuanxun zhang College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sdences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wl 53706 USA state Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics-an-d Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Huairou Eco-Environmental Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China

Based on the field measurements in Barrow, Alaska within the period of April-May 2015, we investigate the sources and variations of elemental carbon(EC) and organic carbon(OC) in the surface layer of snowpack on sea ice, and estimate their effects on the sea ice albedo. Results show that the snow OC in Barrow are from natural sources(e.g. terrestrial higher plants and micro-organisms) mainly, as well as biomass burning(e.g. forest fires and straw combustion) as an important part. Both EC and OC can accumulate at the snow surface with snow melt. The variations in EC and OC and liquid water content in the snow layer are well consistent during the snow-melting period. A higher rate of snow melt implied a more efficient enrichment of EC and OC. In the last phase of snow melt, the concentration increased to a maximum of 16.2 ng/g for EC and 128 ng/g for OC, which is ~10 times larger than those before snow melt onset. Except for the dominant influence of melt amplification mechanism, the variation in concentrations of EC and OC could be disturbed by the air temperature fluctuation and snowfall. Our study indicates that the lightabsorbing impurities contributed 1.6%-5.1% to the reduction in sea ice albedo with melt during the measurement period. The significant period oflight-absorbing impurities influencing on sea ice albedo begins with the rapid melting of overlying snow and ends before the melt ponds formed widely, which lasted for about 10 days in Barrow, 2015.

关键词： Arctic EC OC Sea ice Albedo Barrow

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Notch信号通路与骨质疏松症及中医药防治

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中国组织工程研究 2024年第4期28卷 587-593页

作者：韦沅汛陈锋林宗汉张驰潘成镇韦宗波广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院广西壮族自治区南宁市530011

背景:近年研究表明,Notch信号通路对骨质疏松症有不同程度的影响,深入该方向的研究对骨质疏松的防治具有重要意义。目前,中医药以其多角度、多层次和不良反应小的明显优势在缓解骨质疏松方面发挥显著作用,已成为当今社会研究的重点。目... 详细信息

背景:近年研究表明,Notch信号通路对骨质疏松症有不同程度的影响,深入该方向的研究对骨质疏松的防治具有重要意义。目前,中医药以其多角度、多层次和不良反应小的明显优势在缓解骨质疏松方面发挥显著作用,已成为当今社会研究的重点。目的:分析、整理国内外文献,进一步了解Notch信号通路与骨质疏松症的联系,阐明中医药调控Notch信号通路防治骨质疏松症的作用机制。方法:以“Notch、骨质疏松症、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、信号通路、中药、丸、实验”等为中文检索词,检索中国知网、万方、维普数据库;以“Notch、osteoporosis、Osteoblasts、Osteoclasts、Mesenchymal stem cells、Signal pathway、traditional Chinese medicine、pill、experiment”等为英文检索词,检索PubMed、Nature、Embase数据库,选择各数据库建库至2022年10月的相关文献。结果与结论:Notch信号通路通过参与调控间充质干细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞的分化、增殖,从而在不同程度上影响骨质疏松症的发生和进展;Notch信号通路通过直接或间接调控Notch1、Jagged1、Hes、Hey、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、核因子κB受体活化因子配体等关键细胞因子调节间充质干细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞的增殖、分化,进而对骨形成起到促进或抑制的作用,最终对骨质疏松症起到一定的防治效果。中药活性成分大多从补肾类中药提取,如淫羊藿、杜仲、补骨脂、刺五加、女贞子等,且中药复方及制剂都具有补肾强骨的功效,这为后续研究Notch信号通路向防治骨质疏松症提供更多的中药选择和方向。目前中药的研究多为活性成分和单味药提取物,中药复方及制剂的临床实验研究相对较少;关于针灸、推拿、中西医结合等疗法调控Notch信号通路防治骨质疏松症的研究较少,未来还需继续探索中医技术类疗法及中西医结合等疗法对Notch信号通路的调控和对骨质疏松治疗的作用机制。

关键词：骨质疏松症成骨细胞破骨细胞间充质干细胞信号通路中药

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萜类中药单体调控核转录因子κB信号通路防治骨质疏松症的机制

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中国组织工程研究 2024年第14期28卷 2234-2241页

作者：潘成镇陈锋林宗汉莫坚张驰韦沅汛韦宗波广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院广西壮族自治区南宁市530011

背景:核转录因子κB信号通路在骨质疏松症的发病中扮演着重要的角色。近年来,大量的研究表明萜类中药单体化合物可以通过调控核转录因子κB信号通路,抑制骨吸收细胞的活性,促进骨形成细胞的分化,从而降低骨吸收并增加骨形成,对骨质疏松... 详细信息

背景:核转录因子κB信号通路在骨质疏松症的发病中扮演着重要的角色。近年来,大量的研究表明萜类中药单体化合物可以通过调控核转录因子κB信号通路,抑制骨吸收细胞的活性,促进骨形成细胞的分化,从而降低骨吸收并增加骨形成,对骨质疏松症具有一定的预防和治疗作用。目的:通过对国内外文献的分析和总结,深入研究核转录因子κB信号通路与骨质疏松症的关系,并对萜类中药单体化合物调控核转录因子κB信号通路防治骨质疏松症的作用机制进行阐明,同时对靶向调控核转录因子κB信号通路防治骨质疏松的萜类中药单体化合物进行系统性归纳。方法:由2名研究员根据拟定的纳入及排除标准以“NF-κB,骨质疏松症,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,血管生成,中药,萜类化合物”等为检索词检索中国知网数据库,以“NF-κB,osteoporosis,Osteoblasts,Osteoclasts,Angiogenesis,traditional Chinese medicine,terpenoid”等为检索词检索PubMed数据库相关文献,检索时间为建库至2022年12月,再通过第3名研究员对文献进行汇总和整理,最终纳入75篇文献进行系统性综述。结果与结论:①核转录因子κB信号通路能通过调控成骨细胞、破骨细胞的分化和增殖,以及血管生成,介导骨质疏松症的发病与进展。②核转录因子κB信号通路对成骨细胞的增殖和分化具有负调控的作用,激活核转录因子κB信号通路能增强破骨细胞的活性,抑制成骨细胞的生长,进而抑制代偿骨的生成保持骨稳态,但是过度激活核转录因子κB信号通路则会导致骨质疏松症。③核转录因子κB信号通路通过上调血管生成素1、血小板源性生长因子BB及血管内皮生长因子等细胞因子的表达水平,促进骨内血管生长,参与“血管生成-成骨”偶联。④萜类中药单体化合物在组织工程领域中具有促进骨细胞的增殖和分化,进而促进骨组织生长和修复的作用。⑤萜类中药单体化合物可以通过抑制核转录因子κB抑制蛋白降解,阻断核转录因子κB/P65蛋白磷酸化及核转位等过程,进而减弱核转录因子κB信号通路的传导,促进成骨细胞分化,抑制破骨细胞形成,起到防治骨质疏松的作用。⑥目前,萜类中药单体化合物调控核转录因子κB信号通路防治骨质疏松症的研究主要是基于体外细胞实验和动物模型,对于人体内复杂的生理和病理过程尚缺乏相关研究,未来需要开展更多的临床研究,进一步明确核转录因子κB信号通路参与干预骨质疏松症的作用机制和疗效。

关键词：骨质疏松症成骨细胞破骨细胞血管生成核转录因子κB NF-κB 信号通路萜类化合物中药

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