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Brominated dioxins and furans in a cement kiln co-processing municipal solid waste

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 339-345页

作者： Lili yang Yuyang Zhao Miwei Shi Minghui Zheng yang Xu Cui Li Yuanping Yang Linjun Qin Guorui Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application Institute of Geographical Sciences Hebei Academy of Sciences

A field study and theoretical calculations were performed to clarify the levels, profiles, and distributions of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PBDD/Fs) in a cement kiln co-processing solid waste, with a focus on the PBDF formation mechanism.The raw materials contributed greatly to input of PBDD/Fs into the cement kiln. The PBDD/F concentrations in the raw materials were much higher than those in particle samples from different process stages in the cement kiln. The PBDD/F concentrations in the clinkers were1.40% of the concentrations in the raw materials, which indicated that the high destruction efficiencies for PBDD/Fs by cement kiln. PBDD/F distribution patterns in particle samples collected from different process stages indicated the cement kiln backend was a major site for PBDD/F formation. PBDFs with high levels of halogenation, such as heptabrominated furans(Hp BDF), were the dominant contributors to the total PBDD/F concentrations and accounted for 42%–73% of the total PBDD/F concentrations in the particle samples. Our results showed that co-processing of municipal solid waste in a cement kiln may influence the congener profile of PBDD/Fs, especially for the higher halogenated PBDD fraction. In addition, there were significant correlations between the decabromodiphenyl ether and heptabrominated furan concentrations, which is an indicator of transformation from polybrominated diphenyl ethers to PBDD/Fs. Theoretical calculations were performed and demonstrated that elimination of HBr and Br_2 from polybrominated diphenyl ethers were the dominant formation pathways for PBDD/Fs. These pathways differed from that for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs).

关键词： Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran(PBDD/F) Cement kiln Municipal solid waste Dioxin Formation mechanism

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Experimental analysis of pore structure and fractal characteristics of soft and hard coals with same coalifcation

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第4期9卷 107-121页

作者： Barkat Ullah yuanping Cheng Liang Wang Weihua yang Izhar Mithal Jiskani Biao Hu School of Safety Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouChina School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangshaChina NUST Balochistan Campus National University of Sciences and TechnologyQuettaPakistan

Accurate and quantitative investigation of the physical structure and fractal geometry of coal has important theoretical and practical signifcance for coal bed methane(CBM)development and the prevention of dynamic disasters such as coal and gas outbursts.This study investigates the pore structure and fractal characteristics of soft and hard coals using nitrogen and carbon dioxide(N_(2)/CO_(2))adsorption.Coal samples from Pingdingshan Mine in Henan province of China were collected and pulverized to the required size(0.20–0.25 mm).N_(2)/CO_(2)adsorption tests were performed to evaluate the specifc surface area(SSA),pore size distribution(PSD),and pore volume(PV)using Braunuer-Emmett-Teller(BET),Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH),and Density Functional Theory(DFT).The pore structure was characterized based on the theory of fractal dimensions.The results unveiled that the strength of coal has a signifcant infuence on pore structure and fractal dimensions.There are signifcant diferences in SSA and PV between both coals.The BJH-PV and BET-SSA obtained by N_(2)-adsorption for soft coal are 0.029–0.032 cm^(3)/g and 3.523–4.783 m^(2)/g.While the values of PV and SSA obtained by CO_(2)-adsorption are 0.037–0.039 cm^(3)/g and 106.016–111.870 m^(2)/g.Soft coal shows greater SSA and PV than hard coal,which is consistent with the adsorption capacity(VL).The fractal dimensions of soft and hard coal are respectively diferent.The Ding coal exhibits larger D1 and smaller D_(2),and the reverse for the Wu coal seam is observed.The greater the value of D1(complexity of pore surface)of soft coal is,the larger the pore surface roughness and gas adsorption capacity is.The results enable us to conclude that the characterization of pores and fractal dimensions of soft and hard coals is diferent,tending to diferent adsorption/desorption characteristics.In this regard,the results provide a reference for formulating corresponding coal and gas outburst prevention and control measures.

关键词： Methane adsorption Soft and hard coal Pore structure Fractal characteristics N_(2)/CO_(2)adsorption

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Metastable state of gas hydrate during decomposition: A novel phenomenon

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第4期28卷 949-954页

作者： Ronghui Sun Zhen Fan Lei yang yuanping Li Xin Lü yang Miao Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116023China School of Chemistry University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUnited Kingdom 3 Institute of Science and TechnologyShenzhen BranchChina National Offshore Oil CorporationGuangzhou 510420China CNOOC Research Institute Co.Ltd Beijing 100028China Xingang Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Co. Ltd.Tianjin 300452China

Natural gas hydrates are solid compounds with cage-like structures formed by gas and water.An intriguing phenomenon that gas hydrates can dissociate at a low rate below the ice freezing point has been viewed as the metastability of hydrate.The mechanisms of hydrate metastability have been widely studied,and many mechanisms were proposed involving the self-preservation effect,supercooled water-gas-hydrate metastable equilibrium,and supersaturated liquid-gas-hydrate system etc.The metastable state of hydrate could be of crucial significance in the kinetics of hydrate formation and decomposition,heat and mass transfer during gas production processes,and the application of hydrate-based technique involving desalination,energy storage and transportation,and gas separation and sequestration.Few researches have systematically considered this phenomenon,and its mechanism remains unclear.In this work,various mechanisms and hypothesis explaining the metastable state of gas hydrates were introduced and discussed.Further studies are still required to reveal the intrinsic nature of this metastable state of gas hydrate,and this work could give some implications on the existing theory and current status of relevant efforts.

关键词： Hydrates Dissociation Metastability Self-preservation Supersaturation

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Optimal Location and Sizing of Distributed Generator via Improved Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization in Active Distribution Network Considering Multi-Resource

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Energy Engineering 2023年第9期120卷 2133-2154页

作者： Guobin He Rui Su Jinxin yang yuanping Huang Huanlin Chen Donghui Zhang Cangtao yang Wenwen Li Dali Power Supply Bureau of Yunnan Power Grid Co. Ltd.Dali671099China

In the framework of vigorous promotion of low-carbon power system growth as well as economic globalization,multi-resource penetration in active distribution networks has been advancing fiercely.In particular,distributed generation(DG)based on renewable energy is critical for active distribution network operation enhancement.To comprehensively analyze the accessing impact of DG in distribution networks from various parts,this paper establishes an optimal DG location and sizing planning model based on active power losses,voltage profile,pollution emissions,and the economics of DG costs as well as meteorological conditions.Subsequently,multiobjective particle swarm optimization(MOPSO)is applied to obtain the optimal Pareto front.Besides,for the sake of avoiding the influence of the subjective setting of the weight coefficient,the decisionmethod based on amodified ideal point is applied to execute a Pareto front decision.Finally,simulation tests based on IEEE33 and IEEE69 nodes are designed.The experimental results show thatMOPSO can achieve wider and more uniformPareto front distribution.In the IEEE33 node test system,power loss,and voltage deviation decreased by 52.23%,and 38.89%,respectively,while taking the economy into account.In the IEEE69 test system,the three indexes decreased by 19.67%,and 58.96%,respectively.

关键词： Active distribution network multi-resource penetration operation enhancement particle swarm optimization multi-objective optimization

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Progress and trends in hydrate based desalination(HBD) technology:A review

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第9期27卷 2037-2043页

作者： Jianan Zheng Fanbao Cheng yuanping Li Xin Lü Mingjun yang Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Institute of Science and Technology Shenzhen BranchChina National Offshore Oil CorporationGuangzhou 510420China CNOOC Research Institute Co.Ltd. Beijing 100027China

The shortage of freshwater boosts the development of seawater desalination technology. As a novel method, the hydrate based desalination technology has been put forward for decades and achieved considerable development in the past years. This review focuses on the experimental progress at the aspects of the hydrate former choice, formation promotion and ion removal efficiency and conceptive innovation of hydrate separation and energy utilization. It should be noted that gaseous hydrate former with low formation pressure and insoluble liquid hydrate former are worthy for further study. Besides, the water migration caused by propane deserves to be investigated much more deeply for the potential value of wide application. Moreover, the utilization proposal of LNG cold energy brings more possibility of commercial application. In a word, the hydrate based desalination technology is hopefully an environment friendly, low-cost and widely used desalination technology in the near future.

关键词： Gas hydrate Desalination Separation Phase equilibria Hydrocarbons Mixture

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Bridging the Energy Benefit and POPs Emission Risk from Waste Incineration

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The Innovation 2021年第1期2卷 38-45页

作者： Cui Li Lili yang Xiaoyun Liu Yuanping Yang Linjun Qin Da Li Guorui Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesP.O.Box 2871Beijing 100085China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310000China

Incineration has been the globally controversial and concerned method of solid waste disposal.Energy recovery and volume reduction are the benefits from waste incineration,but risk due to release of persistent organic pollutants is the major public concern in the world.In this study,the emission of organic pollutants including dioxins and polychlorinated naphthalenes from solid waste incineration in China was comprehensively evaluated,and a relationship between energy benefit and pollutant emission was firstly established.The results show that production of medical and industrial waste was smaller than that of municipal waste but yielded comparable or even higher emission of dioxins.The energy benefit-to-emission index for organic pollutants(EBEIOP)for evaluation of solid waste management on a local or regional scale was proposed.Significant correlations between net energy benefit and pollutant emission for provinces with higher EBEIOP values were found.Furthermore,higher EBEIOP values were associated with economic factors while lower values were influenced by emission from incineration of medical and industrial waste.We suggest that an EBEIOP value of R60 can serve as a reference for“profitable”solid waste management,assisting decision making during energy benefit and environmental risk assessment.

关键词： solid waste incineration energy benefit persistent organic pollutant emission

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煤层瓦斯解吸扩散过程中甲烷碳同位素分馏动力学模型

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煤炭学报 2022年第2期47卷 849-859页

作者：李伟杨康程远平中国矿业大学煤矿瓦斯治理国家工程研究中心江苏徐州221116 中国矿业大学安全工程学院江苏徐州221116

甲烷在多孔介质煤层中运移时,会发生显著的同位素分馏,目前的模型和机制并不能完全解释瓦斯运移过程中的同位素分馏现象。以不同分子间的竞争吸附作用、扩散能力差异性以及碳同位素分馏解吸-扩散成因等理论为基础,构建了煤层甲烷碳同位... 详细信息

甲烷在多孔介质煤层中运移时,会发生显著的同位素分馏,目前的模型和机制并不能完全解释瓦斯运移过程中的同位素分馏现象。以不同分子间的竞争吸附作用、扩散能力差异性以及碳同位素分馏解吸-扩散成因等理论为基础,构建了煤层甲烷碳同位素分馏动力学模型。研究结果表明,在解吸过程中,甲烷碳同位素逐渐变重。瞬时同位素值在解吸后期呈指数级变重,累计同位素值随时间的变化与气体的累计脱气量随时间的变化相似。在气体扩散过程中,扩散系数比值(D_(1)/D_(2))对同位素分馏具有显著的控制作用。煤心中吸附气的体积分数占到90%以上,吸附/解吸引起的同位素分馏变化与耦合作用下引起的同位素分馏变化相近,该模型较好的预测了煤心瓦斯解吸中碳同位素分馏试验。甲烷在孔隙中的解吸、扩散是碳同位素发生分馏的重要原因,在此过程中游离气和吸附气引起的同位素分馏具有阶段性。通过该模型的参数与煤心的参数匹配后,可以获得煤心吸附气含量、游离气含量,进而评价煤层瓦斯含量。将该模型应用到煤层钻孔瓦斯抽采过程中,结合现场测试和实验室测试确定模型参数,建立煤层钻孔抽采瓦斯碳同位素值与瓦斯抽采情况的关系。可以判断煤层瓦斯抽采所处的阶段,并计算残余瓦斯含量,为评价煤层瓦斯抽采效果的潜在应用提供理论基础。

关键词：甲烷碳同位素分馏扩散吸附/解吸动力学模型瓦斯抽采

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煤与瓦斯突出相似模拟试验的能量原理

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煤炭学报 2023年第11期48卷 4078-4096页

作者：程远平雷杨杨斯杰煤矿瓦斯治理国家工程研究中心江苏徐州221116 贵州大学矿业学院贵州贵阳550025 煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治教育部重点实验室江苏徐州221116 中国矿业大学安全工程学院江苏徐州221116

煤与瓦斯突出作为一种破坏力极强的矿井动力灾害,由于这种动力灾害通常难以直接观测,煤与瓦斯突出的物理相似模拟成为了收集突出观测数据和研究突出机理的重要方法。然而,突出相似模拟试验的能量原理目前仍缺乏系统性研究。通过对过去7... 详细信息

煤与瓦斯突出作为一种破坏力极强的矿井动力灾害,由于这种动力灾害通常难以直接观测,煤与瓦斯突出的物理相似模拟成为了收集突出观测数据和研究突出机理的重要方法。然而,突出相似模拟试验的能量原理目前仍缺乏系统性研究。通过对过去70 a中突出模拟试验的回顾,发现实验型煤具有普遍较高的孔隙率(10%~40%,中位数为21.2%),显著增大了煤孔隙中储存的初始游离瓦斯膨胀能(几倍到几十倍)。为了进一步获得突出模拟试验的能量释放特征,基于相似准则,利用真三轴煤与瓦斯突出模拟系统开展了一系列突出模拟试验。结合观测数据与能量分析,发现瓦斯膨胀能是突出能量的主要组成部分,占总能量的87.50%~95.31%,其中初始游离气体的贡献占比为1/3~2/3;证明了实验室模拟试验的本质,是将突出过程等效为煤中高压气体驱动的动力过程。特别是,由于实验型煤高孔隙率引起的高初始游离瓦斯膨胀能,模拟试验可以不依赖应力条件,甚至可以由非吸附性气体(如He)在低压下(约0.45 MPa)诱发。与现场实际突出相比,模拟试验往往表现为瓦斯膨胀能与应力能的同时释放,缺乏应力与瓦斯之间的相互作用,因而难以还原突出的激发过程。在未来的试验装置设计中,如何使实验型煤孔隙率与原始煤层相当(通常为1%~11%)是突出相似模拟能否在相似性上获得突破性进展的关键。

关键词：煤与瓦斯突出瓦斯膨胀能试验仪器能量原理突出机理

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emissions from electric arc furnaces for steelmaking

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 330-336页

作者： Qiuting yang Lili yang Jia Shen Yuanping Yang Minxiang Wang Xiaoyun Liu Xuejing Shen Changliang Li Jia Xu Fengfeng Li Da Li Guorui Liu Minghui Zheng Central Iron&Steel Research Institute Beijing100081China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesP.O.Box 2871Beijing100085China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhouChina

The proportion of steel produced using electric arc furnaces(EAFs)is increasing.In this study,polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)concentrations and patterns in stack gas samples from three typical EAFs in steelmaking plants were determined to allow the contributions of EAFs in steelmaking plants to PCDD/Fs emissions in China to be assessed.Samples collection was accomplished by adopting the automatic isokinetic sampling technique,then the PCDD/Fs congeners concentrations were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRGC-HRMS).The mean PCDD/Fs mass concentrations in stack gases emitted during the scrap preheating phase of plants E1,E2,and E3 were 0.48,385.55,and 0.34 ng Nm^-3,respectively,and the total toxic equivalent(WHO2005-TEQ)concentrations were 0.05,33.16,and 0.03 ng Nm^-3,respectively.The PCDD/Fs mass concentration in stack gases emitted during the melting phase at plant E3 was 0.12 ng Nm^-3(0.02 ng WHO2005-TEQ Nm^-3).The operational temperature of the bag filter of the preheating in the E2 EAF was as high as 230℃,which is conducive to the generation of PCDD/Fs,whether the temperature in the bag filter of E1(150℃)and E3(120℃)are not.Moreover,the bag filter temperature is suggested to be best controlled to below 150℃.The emission factors(EF)for PCDD/Fs released into the air during the scrap preheating phase for plants E1,E2,and E3 were 0.13,52,and 0.10 mg WHO2005-TEQ t1,respectively,and the EF for the smelting phase from plant E3 was 0.14 mg WHO2005-TEQ t1.The emission factor in E2 is 5 times higher than the highest current UNEP toolkit factor for EAFs(10 mg TEQ/tonne steel).Therefore,an update for the UNEP toolkit emission factor for a few case plants is suggested.Several congeners,including 2,3,7,8-TeCDF,1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF,and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD,were dominant during the preheating phase,while 2,3,7,8-TeCDF,1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF,and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF were dominant during the smelting phase.The mon

关键词： Electric arc furnaces PCDD/Fs Stack gas Congener profile Emission factors

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构造煤和煤与瓦斯突出关系的研究

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煤炭学报 2021年第1期46卷 180-198页

作者：程远平雷杨中国矿业大学煤矿瓦斯治理国家工程研究中心江苏徐州221116 中国矿业大学煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治教育部重点实验室江苏徐州221116 中国矿业大学安全工程学院江苏徐州221116

构造煤是原生煤经过长期的强烈挤压,剪切变形后形成的,其具有黏聚力低、强度低和渗透率低等特点。长期以来,中国乃至全球的大部分煤与瓦斯突出事故都发生在构造煤层中,但是其根本原因尚未明确。为了揭示构造煤与突出的内在关系,对构造... 详细信息

构造煤是原生煤经过长期的强烈挤压,剪切变形后形成的,其具有黏聚力低、强度低和渗透率低等特点。长期以来,中国乃至全球的大部分煤与瓦斯突出事故都发生在构造煤层中,但是其根本原因尚未明确。为了揭示构造煤与突出的内在关系,对构造煤与原生煤的孔隙结构、甲烷吸附、解吸、扩散、渗流和力学性质进行了系统性的回顾与对比,并结合突出能量进行了定量分析。结果表明,由于构造作用,构造煤比原生煤具有更大的总孔隙体积和比表面积,其中大孔受到的影响最为显著。此外,构造煤的吸附/解吸能力和扩散系数普遍较高,而抗压强度和弹性模量则普遍较小。在突出激发阶段,煤体破碎依赖于应力能的释放,此时破碎煤体释放的大量解吸瓦斯是突出后续发展的重要能量来源,特别是小于临界粒径的突出煤体,起到了决定性作用。然而,能量分析表明,若要满足临界粒径的要求,原生煤所需应力条件远高于构造煤,甚至会远超过目前采掘深度的应力水平。因此,原生煤难以提供足够的能量支撑突出的发展。在实际情况中,即使首先发生破碎的是原生煤或者岩石,突出的持续发展也强烈依赖于破碎比功更低和解吸能力更强的构造煤,表明构造煤不仅仅是更易于突出,更是突出发展的一个必要条件。此外,就构造煤的储层特性而言,在实验室中获得的构造煤渗透性能显著高于现场获得的结果(差异可达2个数量级),其主要原因可归结为实验室中重构的构造煤样品无法还原构造煤的原始物理性质。因此在未来的研究中,除了仍需要对构造煤体的孔隙结构进行系统性的研究外,还需要探究构造煤样品重构的新方法。

关键词：构造煤储层特性突出机理能量分析应力

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