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Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第12期25卷 2435-2442页

作者： Hui Wang yuanhua dong Yunya Yang Gurpal S.Toor Xumei Zhang Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Soil and Water Quality Laboratory Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of Florida Taicang Soil Management Station

The 360 feed and manure samples were collected from 150 animal farms in Jiangsu Province, China and analyzed for heavy metals. Concentrations of Zn and Cu in animal feeds were 15.9-2041.8 and undetected-392.1 mg/kg respectively, while Hg, As, Pb, Cd, and Cr in all feeds were below 10 mg/kg. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cr in animal manures were 8.4-1726, 39.5-11379, and 1.0-1602 mg/kg respectively, while As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were 〈 10 mg/kg. The concentration of Cu, Zn, As and Cr in animal feed and manure were positively correlated （p 〈 0.001）, but the Cd, Hg, and Pb were not statistically correlated between the feed and the manure. Concentrations of Cu and Zn were highest in pig feed and manure, followed by poultry and dairy feeds and manures. During 1990- 2008, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Cd contents increased by 771%, 410%, 420%, 220%, and 63% in pig manure, 212%, 95%, 200%, 791%, and -63% in dairy manure, and 181%, 197%, 1500%, 261, and 196% in poultry manure. Most of the increases occurred from 2002 to 2008, which reflects the extensive use of feed additives after 2002. In contrast, Pb and Hg in manures continuously decreased from 1990 to 2008. The results suggest that the heavy metal contents in animal manure have been greatly increased over 18 years and the contribution of manures to soil should be considered.

关键词： animal manures heavy metal change

Effects of low-vacuum helium cold plasma treatment on seed germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第9期20卷 120-126页

作者： Ling LI Jiangang LI Hanliang SHAO yuanhua dong Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210008 People's Republic of China Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210014 People's Republic of China Changzhou Zhongke Changtsi Plasma Processing Apparatus Plasma Technology Corporation Changzhou213022 People's Republic of China

The effects of low-vacuum helium cold plasma treatment on the seed germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape（Brassica napus *** 9） were *** were exposed to low-vacuum helium cold plasma ranging from 0-120 W for 15 *** plasma increased the germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape,and the treatment of 100 W provided the best *** germination rate,germination and vigor indices,and uniformity of emergence were improved by cold plasma *** plasma raised the relative conductivity and water uptake,and reduced the apparent contact *** characteristics of plant growth,including plant height,stem diameter,dry weights of shoot and root at the seedling,bolting and flowering stages were increased by the cold plasma *** components,including pod numbers per plant and 1000 seed weights were increased by the cold plasma ***,the yield per plant increased by 28.20%.These results suggest that cold plasma treatment has the potential to improve the yield of oilseed rape through the enhancement of permeability,wettability and capacity of water uptake of the seeds,seed germination and plant growth.

关键词： cold plasma oilseed rape germination yield

Influence of metal ions on sulfonamide antibiotics biochemical behavior in fiber coexisting system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 267-276页

作者： Lan Zhang Ruihuan Chen Yun Liu Youjun Deng Zhongpei Li yuanhua dong Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University

Metal ions and fiber are common compounds in the livestock and poultry manure,which will affect the fate of organic compounds in aqueous environment. However,limited research has addressed the effect of coexisting metal ions and fiber on the biodegradation of sulfonamide antibiotics. Accordingly, a compositing study was performed to assess the effect of metal ions(Fe3+and Cu2+) on the biodegradation of sulfadimethoxine sodium salt(SDM) in the presence of fiber. The enhanced adsorption of SDM onto fiber in the presence of metal ions can be attributed to the π+–π electron donor acceptor(EDA) interaction. The microbial(Phanerochaete chrysosprium) could easily attach onto fiber forming attached microbial, and the degradation rates of SDM of immobilized bacteria in the presence of Fe3 +were 100%, which were significantly higher than those of free bacteria(45%). This study indicates that Fe3 +and fiber could enhance the biodegradation of SDM. Fiber acts as adsorbent, carrier, and substrate which enhanced the removal of SDM.

关键词： Adsorption mechanism Co-biodegradation Luffa fiber White-rot fungus

Rhizosphere microbes influence wogonoside accumulation in perennial Scutellaria baicalensis

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 553-566页

作者： Yang SUN Hong LIU Junwei PENG Minchong SHEN Yang HU dongsheng YU Jiangang LI yuanhua dong CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049(China) Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Qingdao 266101(China)

Dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are an acclaimed traditional Chinese medicine,and wogonoside content is a key indicator used to evaluate *** *** than rising linearly with cultivation years,*** quality initially increases and then ***,little is known regarding the dynamic variations in *** rhizosphere microorganisms under long-term cultivation and underlying mechanisms of their effects on wogonoside formation and *** aim of this study was to investigate the roles of soil nutrients and rhizosphere microbes on *** quality across different cultivation years(1-4 years).The wogonoside content(25.14 mg g^(-1))was highest in the biennial *** and then decreased following long-term *** soil nutrients(available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available iron,available manganese,and available zinc)were reduced significantly as cultivation years *** also affected rhizosphere bacterial community structure significantly,driving it toward deterministic process(i.e.,β-nearest taxon index<-2).Available manganese and exchangeable calcium indirectly affected wogonoside formation and *** inhibition was driven by the reduction in rhizosphere bacterial diversity,which significantly increased the relative abundance of beta-glucosidase and decreased the relative abundance of phenylalanine *** rhizosphere microenvironment was altered under long-term cultivation,thereby shaping rhizosphere bacterial community,reducing the community diversity,and ultimately inhibiting wogonoside formation and *** findings may aid in understanding of the mechanisms and reasons for the reduction in *** quality under long-term cultivation from the perspective of soil nutrients and microorganisms,which may theoretically support the future artificial cultivation and management of Chinese medicinal plants.

关键词： bacterial diversity medicinal plant rhizosphere bacterial community soil nutrient wogonoside content wogonoside formation

环丙氨嗪(Cyromazine)的生物毒性与环境行为研究进展

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农业工程学报 2008年第1期24卷 246-249页

作者：王辉董元华安琼中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室

环丙氨嗪是一种在世界范围内种植业和养殖业中使用的昆虫生长抑制剂类杀虫剂,近几年在部分使用国家的动植物体、水体和土壤中分别检出了环丙氨嗪的残留,势必对生态环境与人体健康产生不良影响。鉴于环丙氨嗪开始在中国大量生产和广泛用... 详细信息

环丙氨嗪是一种在世界范围内种植业和养殖业中使用的昆虫生长抑制剂类杀虫剂,近几年在部分使用国家的动植物体、水体和土壤中分别检出了环丙氨嗪的残留,势必对生态环境与人体健康产生不良影响。鉴于环丙氨嗪开始在中国大量生产和广泛用于畜禽养殖业中,而国际上对环丙氨嗪使用造成的生态环境与人体健康风险的研究刚刚开始起步,该文着重介绍了目前国际上对环丙氨嗪的生物毒性与环境行为的研究进展,针对国内外对环丙氨嗪的生物毒性效应尚未有明确的定论及缺少相关的环境行为研究结果,建议开展相关的研究工作,避免走"先污染再治理"的老路。

关键词：环丙氨嗪生物毒性环境行为

微生物细胞传感器在环境监测中的应用研究进展

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土壤学报 2008年第2期45卷 348-354页

作者：陈高董元华中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室

微生物细胞传感器是以微生物细胞作为生物敏感元件,可以感应环境中的总毒性以及各类污染物,从而实现快速监测的目的。关于该领域的研究报道越来越多,随着研究的不断发展,该项技术日趋成熟,从开始的仅仅在环境总毒性监测方面的应用,发展... 详细信息

微生物细胞传感器是以微生物细胞作为生物敏感元件,可以感应环境中的总毒性以及各类污染物,从而实现快速监测的目的。关于该领域的研究报道越来越多,随着研究的不断发展,该项技术日趋成熟,从开始的仅仅在环境总毒性监测方面的应用,发展到能够特异性地检测多种污染物,如重金属类(Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Ag、Ni等)、有机污染物类(苯系物质、PAHs、酚类物质等)、抗生素类(四环素、β-内酰胺等)以及N、P类营养元素等等。由于微生物细胞自身的一些特点,使得其在环境监测领域具有非常显著的特点和优势,特别是在检测污染物的生物有效性方面,同时该技术可以满足环境监测中原位、快速、低耗的需要,所以其在环境监测领域必将得到越来越广泛的应用。本文重点综述了微生物细胞传感器在环境监测中的一些应用研究进展,并展望了其未来的发展趋势。

关键词：微生物细胞传感器环境监测生物有效性

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兽药在畜禽排泄物中的残留与降解研究进展

土壤学报 2009年第3期46卷 507-512页

作者：王辉董元华安琼中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室南京210008 南京土壤研究所-香港浸会大学土壤与环境联合开放实验室南京210008 中国科学院研究生院北京100039

药物在环境中的暴露及其生态风险已成为国际上研究的热点,养殖业中大量使用的兽药已成为环境中药物的重要来源之一,动物体使用的兽药绝大部分首先以原药或代谢物的形式在动物排泄物中出现。本文综述了兽药在畜禽排泄物中的残留、降解及... 详细信息

药物在环境中的暴露及其生态风险已成为国际上研究的热点,养殖业中大量使用的兽药已成为环境中药物的重要来源之一,动物体使用的兽药绝大部分首先以原药或代谢物的形式在动物排泄物中出现。本文综述了兽药在畜禽排泄物中的残留、降解及其影响因素,并介绍了残留兽药对畜禽排泄物堆肥过程的影响。

关键词：兽药畜禽排泄物残留降解

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金霉素在不同耕作土壤中的吸附-解吸行为

土壤学报 2009年第5期46卷 861-868页

作者：刘新程董元华中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室南京210008 中国科学院南京土壤研究所-香港浸会大学土壤与环境联合开放实验室南京210008 中国科学院研究生院北京100039

用批平衡吸附试验研究了金霉素在河南封丘潮土、南京黄棕壤、常熟水稻土和江西鹰潭红壤4种土壤中的吸附行为。结果表明,金霉素的土壤吸附-解吸行为均可用Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型进行良好的线性拟合。其Kf值差异较大,分别为潮土113... 详细信息

用批平衡吸附试验研究了金霉素在河南封丘潮土、南京黄棕壤、常熟水稻土和江西鹰潭红壤4种土壤中的吸附行为。结果表明,金霉素的土壤吸附-解吸行为均可用Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型进行良好的线性拟合。其Kf值差异较大,分别为潮土1135Lkg-1,黄棕壤1250Lkg-1,水稻土2618Lkg-1和红壤4315Lkg-1,显示金霉素在4种土壤中的吸附行为存在较大的差异。此外,金霉素在4种土壤上的解吸过程存在明显的滞后现象。研究还表明4种土壤中金霉素的吸附参数Kf值与土壤pH呈显著负相关。

关键词：金霉素吸附解吸土壤

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诺氟沙星的土壤吸附热力学与动力学研究

土壤学报 2008年第5期45卷 978-986页

作者：张劲强董元华土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所)

采用批平衡吸附试验研究了诺氟沙星在河南封丘潮土、江西鹰潭红壤、苏南常熟水稻土和南京黄棕壤等4种土壤中的吸附热力学和动力学行为。结果表明，诺氟沙星在4种供试土壤的Fruendlieh吸附参数值墨随温度升高（15℃、25℃和35℃）而减小... 详细信息

采用批平衡吸附试验研究了诺氟沙星在河南封丘潮土、江西鹰潭红壤、苏南常熟水稻土和南京黄棕壤等4种土壤中的吸附热力学和动力学行为。结果表明，诺氟沙星在4种供试土壤的Fruendlieh吸附参数值墨随温度升高（15℃、25℃和35℃）而减小；在低土壤溶液pH下诺氟沙星的吸附焓变值△H°较大，而高pH下则较小。用氢氧化钠或盐酸溶液分别调节红壤pH从5．20到8．00，水稻土pH从6．14至8．20，黄棕壤pH从7．78至5．80和潮土pH从8．08至5．90，其△H°与pH之间的关系同样呈现如上关系。这证实4种土壤对诺氟沙星的吸附作用力差异较大。低pH（5．20-6．14）下，诺氟沙星在土壤中的吸附以离子交换和氢键等为主；而高pH（7．78-8．20）下，则以相对较弱的范德华力、疏水作用等为主。诺氟沙星的土壤吸附过程迅速达到平衡，其反应动力学用Elovich方程和双常数方程拟合结果最好。

关键词：诺氟沙星吸附土壤热力学动力学