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Regulating surface electron structure of PtNi nanoalloy via boron doping for high‐current‐density Li‐O2 batteries with low overpotential and long‐life cyclability

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SmartMat 2024年第1期5卷 110-120页

作者： Yajun ding yuanchao Huang Yuejiao Li Tao Zhang Zhong‐Shuai Wu State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Institute of Advanced Semiconductors Hangzhou Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Chinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina

The realization of high‐efficiency,reversible,stable,and safe Li‐O2 batteries is severely hindered by the large overpotential and side reactions,especially at high rate conditions.Therefore,rational design of cathode catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial to overcome the terrible issues at high current density.Herein,we report a surface engineering strategy to adjust the surface electron structure of boron(B)‐doped PtNi nanoalloy on carbon nanotubes(PtNiB@CNTs)as an efficient bifunctional cathodic catalyst for high‐rate and long‐life Li‐O2 batteries.Notably,the Li‐O2 batteries assembled with as‐prepared PtNiB@CNT catalyst exhibit ultrahigh discharge capacity of 20510 mA·h/g and extremely low overpotential of 0.48 V at a high current density of 1000 mA/g,both of which outperform the most reported Pt‐based catalysts recently.Meanwhile,our Li‐O2 batteries offer excellent rate capability and ultra‐long cycling life of up to 210 cycles at 1000 mA/g under a fixed capacity of 1000 mA·h/g,which is two times longer than those of Pt@CNTs and PtNi@CNTs.Furthermore,it is revealed that surface engineering of PtNi nanoalloy via B doping can efficiently tailor the electron structure of nanoalloy and optimize the adsorption of oxygen species,consequently delivering excellent Li‐O2 battery performance.Therefore,this strategy of regulating the nanoalloy by doping nonmetallic elements will pave an avenue for the design of high‐performance catalysts for metal‐oxygen batteries.

关键词： B doping bifunctional catalyst Li‐O2 battery low charge overpotential PtNi nanoalloy

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Connection of the prefabricated updeck of road tunnels by a short lap-spliced joint using ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete

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结构与土木工程前沿:英文版 2023年第6期17卷 870-883页

作者： Hui WANG Yong YUAN Junnan QIU Yuan XUE Guangzhou XIE Qian CHENG yuanchao ding Qing AI School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Shanghai Chengtou Highway Group Co. Ltd.Shanghai200336China Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Co. Ltd.Shanghai201103China

Prefabricated internal structures of road tunnels,consisting of precast elements and the connections between them,provide advantages in terms of quality control and manufacturing costs.However,the limited construction space in tunnels creates challenges for on-site assembly.To identify feasible connecting joints,flexural tests of precast straight beams connected by welding-spliced or lap-spliced reinforcements embedded in normal concrete or ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete(UHPFRC)are first performed and analyzed.With an improvement in the strength grade of the closure concrete for the lap-spliced joint,the failure of the beam transforms from a brittle splitting mode to a ductile flexural mode.The beam connected by UHPFRC100 with short lap-spliced reinforcements can achieve almost equivalent mechanical performance in terms of the bearing capacity,ductility,and stiffness as the beam connected by normal concrete with welding-spliced reinforcements.This favorable solution is then applied to the connection of neighboring updeck slabs resting on columns in a double-deck tunnel.The applicability is validated by flexural tests of T-shaped joints,which,fail in a ductile fashion dominated by the ultimate bearing capacity of the precast elements,similar to the corresponding straight beam.The utilization of UHPFRC significantly reduces the required lap-splice length of reinforcements owing to its strong bonding strength.

关键词： UHPFRC prefabricated updeck road tunnel lap-spliced rebars flexural tests

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一种基于安全多方计算的快速Transformer安全推理方案

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计算机研究与发展 2024年第5期61卷 1218-1229页

作者：刘伟欣管晔玮霍嘉荣丁元朝郭华李博北京航空航天大学网络空间安全学院北京100191 复杂关键软件环境全国重点实验室(北京航空航天大学) 北京100878

Transformer模型在自然语言处理、计算机视觉等众多领域得到了广泛应用,并且有着突出的表现.在Transformer的推理应用中用户的数据会被泄露给模型提供方.随着数据隐私问题愈发得到公众的关注,上述数据泄露问题引发了学者们对Transforme... 详细信息

Transformer模型在自然语言处理、计算机视觉等众多领域得到了广泛应用,并且有着突出的表现.在Transformer的推理应用中用户的数据会被泄露给模型提供方.随着数据隐私问题愈发得到公众的关注,上述数据泄露问题引发了学者们对Transformer安全推理的研究,使用安全多方计算(secure multi-party computation,MPC)实现Transformer模型的安全推理是当前的一个研究热点.由于Transformer模型中存在大量非线性函数,因此使用MPC技术实现Transformer安全推理会造成巨大的计算和通信开销.针对Transformer安全推理过程中开销较大的Softmax注意力机制,提出了2种MPC友好的注意力机制Softmax freeDiv Attention和2Quad freeDiv Attention.通过将Transformer模型中的Softmax注意力机制替换为新的MPC友好的注意力机制,同时结合激活函数GeLU的替换以及知识蒸馏技术,提出了一个MPC友好的Transformer转换框架,通过将Transformer模型转化为MPC友好的Transformer模型,提高Transformer安全推理的效率.在局域网环境下使用安全处理器(secure processing unit,SPU)提供的隐私计算协议,基于所提出的MPC友好的Transformer转换框架,在SST-2上使用Bert-Base进行安全推理.测试结果表明,在保持推理准确率与无近似模型一致的情况下,安全推理计算效率提高2.26倍.

关键词：安全推理 Transformer 安全多方计算安全处理器知识蒸馏

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不同萎凋方式美人茶酶促加工阶段的香气变化

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茶叶科学 2024年第3期44卷 469-482页

作者：丁凤娇袁雨薇李元朝林进龙闫佳伟李鹏春金珊福建农林大学园艺学院福建福州350002 福建江山美人茶业有限公司福建大田366100

为了探究室内自然萎凋和室外日光萎凋美人茶酶促加工阶段的香气变化,采用气相色谱质谱联用仪(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对美人茶酶促加工阶段过程样中收集的挥发物进行分析。利用正交偏最小二乘判别分析(Orthogonal ... 详细信息

为了探究室内自然萎凋和室外日光萎凋美人茶酶促加工阶段的香气变化,采用气相色谱质谱联用仪(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对美人茶酶促加工阶段过程样中收集的挥发物进行分析。利用正交偏最小二乘判别分析(Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)方法筛选差异挥发物。结果表明,两种萎凋方式的美人茶在加工过程不同阶段的差异挥发物具有相似性,其中正己醇、反-2-己烯-1-醇、顺-3-己烯-1-醇、香叶醇、异戊酸己酯、顺-3-己烯醇丁酸酯、丁酸己酯、N-丁酸(反-2-己烯基)酯、芳樟醇氧化物-呋喃型、芳樟醇等随着加工的进行,含量呈上升趋势,是形成美人茶香气品质的前期物质基础;而2-己烯醛、(E)-2-己烯基-2-甲基丁酸酯、(E)-3-己烯基丁酸酯、己酸乙酯和乙酸叶醇酯等物质含量随着加工的进行不断下降。挥发物测定结果表明,两种萎凋方式美人茶加工阶段的挥发性成分种类差别不大,主要是含量存在差别,多数挥发性成分含量在室外日光萎凋美人茶中更丰富。本研究旨在探讨美人茶在酶促加工阶段的香气变化规律,以期为美人茶的加工工艺优化提供理论依据,提高美人茶的风味品质和经济价值。

关键词：美人茶酶促加工气相色谱-质谱法香气萎凋方式

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Temperature-field history dependence of the elastocaloric effect for a strain glass alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第8期103卷 8-14页

作者： Deqing Xue Ruihao Yuan yuanchao Yang Jianbo Pang Yumei Zhou Xiangdong ding Turab Lookman Xiaobing Ren Jun Sun Dezhen Xue State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China AiMaterials Research Santa FeNew Mexico 87501USA Ferroic Physics Group National Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba 305-0047IbarakiJapan

The singular change of the order parameter at the first order martensitic transformation(MT)temperature restricts the caloric response to a narrow temperature range.Here the MT is tuned into a sluggish strain glass transition by defect doping and a large elastocaloric effect appears in a wide temperature range.Moreover,an inverse elastocaloric effect is observed in the strain glass alloy with history of zerofield cooling and is attributed to the slow dynamics of the nanodomains in response to the external stress.This study offers a design recipe to expand the temperature range for good elastocaloric effect.

关键词： Elastocaloric effect Isothermal entropy change Strain glass

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In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of Mg–Zn–Ca alloy operative clip

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Bioactive Materials 2019年第1期4卷 236-244页

作者： Pengfei ding yuanchao Liu Xianghui He Debao Liu Minfang Chen School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin300384China Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Department of General SurgeryTianjin300384300070China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin300384China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices Tianjin300384China

At present,titanium(Ti)and its alloys are most commonly use in hemostasis clip clinical applications.However,the Ti Clip cannot be absorbed in human body and produce artifacts on computed tomography(CT),and induce clinically relevant hypersensitivity in patients.In order to overcome the drawbacks of the non-degradable Ti clips,an Mg-Zn-Ca alloy operative clip was fabricated by combining hot extrusion and blanking processing.In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy operative clip were evaluated by L-929 Cells and SD rat model respectively.It was found that Mg-Zn-Ca alloy exhibited non-cytotoxic to L929 cells.In vivo implantation showed that the newly designed Mg-Zn-Ca clip can successfully ligated carotid artery and no blood leakage occurred post-surgery.During the period of the clip degradation,a small amount of H2 gas formation and no tissue inflammation around the clips were observed.The degradation rate of the clip near the heart ligated the arteries faster than that of clip far away the heart due do the effect of arterial blood.Histological analysis and various blood biochemical parameters in rat serum samples collected at different times after clip implantation showed no tissue inflammation around the clips.

关键词： Mg-Zn-Ca alloy Biodegradable hemostatic clip In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility Carotid artery

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Recent advances in RNA structurome

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第7期65卷 1285-1324页

作者： Bingbing Xu Yanda Zhu Changchang Cao Hao Chen Qiongli Jin Guangnan Li Junfeng Ma Siwy Ling Yang Jieyu Zhao Jianghui Zhu Yiliang ding Xianyang Fang Yongfeng Jin Chun Kit Kwok Aiming Ren Yue Wan Zhiye Wang yuanchao Xue Huakun Zhang Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang Yu Zhou MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis&Protection Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of RNA Biology Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China State Key Laboratory of Virology College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Genome Institute of SingaporeA*STARSingaporeSingapore Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine PollutionCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing 100084China Department of Cell and Developmental Biology John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUnited Kingdom Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518057China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China

RNA structures are essential to support RNA functions and regulation in various biological processes. Recently, a range of novel technologies have been developed to decode genome-wide RNA structures and novel modes of functionality across a wide range of species. In this review, we summarize key strategies for probing the RNA structurome and discuss the pros and cons of representative technologies. In particular, these new technologies have been applied to dissect the structural landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. We also summarize the functionalities of RNA structures discovered in different regulatory layers-including RNA processing, transport, localization, and mRNA translation-across viruses, bacteria, animals, and plants. We review many versatile RNA structural elements in the context of different physiological and pathological processes(e.g., cell differentiation, stress response, and viral replication). Finally, we discuss future prospects for RNA structural studies to map the RNA structurome at higher resolution and at the single-molecule and single-cell level, and to decipher novel modes of RNA structures and functions for innovative applications.

关键词： RNA structurome high-throughput techniques genome-wide 3D structure RNA secondary structure SARS-CoV-2 decoding function

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高脂促进脂肪酸去饱和酶1基因启动子区DNA甲基化并下调其表达

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华中科技大学学报（医学版） 2023年第2期52卷 145-151页

作者：肖倩倩金元超丁虎华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院心血管内科武汉430030 西安市第四医院心血管内科西安710005

目的探究高脂是否通过促进脂肪酸去饱和酶1(Fads1)基因启动子区甲基化抑制其表达。方法通过高脂饮食喂养大鼠构建高三酰甘油血症模型,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测大鼠体内Fads1表达水平;采用BSP克隆测序... 详细信息

目的探究高脂是否通过促进脂肪酸去饱和酶1(Fads1)基因启动子区甲基化抑制其表达。方法通过高脂饮食喂养大鼠构建高三酰甘油血症模型,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测大鼠体内Fads1表达水平;采用BSP克隆测序法(bisulfite sequencing PCR)评估Fads1启动子区甲基化水平,并分析其与大鼠血浆三酰甘油含量之间的关系;体外培养大鼠肝细胞系BRL-3A,利用医用脂肪乳和5-氮杂胞苷(5-Aza,DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂)干预细胞,检测并分析Fads1启动子区甲基化水平与Fads1表达的相关性;构建Fads1启动子区报告基因质粒,利用M.SssI(CpG甲基转移酶)干预细胞后,检测Fads1启动子区转录活性。结果相较于对照组,高脂饮食组的大鼠血浆及脂肪乳干预组的BRL-3A细胞中三酰甘油含量显著升高,Fads1表达水平明显降低。Fads1启动子区CpG岛DNA甲基化水平在高脂饮食组大鼠肝脏组织中显著升高,与其血浆三酰甘油含量呈正相关。相比于对照组,5-Aza能上调BRL-3A细胞中Fads1 mRNA水平,而M.SssI可以使Fads1启动子区转录活性显著降低。结论高脂可促进Fads1启动子区甲基化修饰,显著抑制大鼠肝脏Fads1的表达。该研究揭示了Fads1基因表达的表观遗传调控模式。

关键词： DNA甲基化脂肪酸去饱和酶1 高三酰甘油血症

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Gene Editing with A Novel Selection Marker Reveals that PuLLP,A Loricrin-Like Protein Regulated by the Puf RNA-binding Protein PuM90,is Required for Oospore Development in Pythium ultimum

Gene Editing with A Novel Selection Marker Reveals that PuLL...

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中国植物病理学会2023年学术年会

作者： FENG Hui LIU Tianli LI Jiaxu WAN Chuanxu ding Feifei YE Wenwu ZHENG Xiaobo WANG yuanchao Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Nanjing Agricultural University Tobacco Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Oomycetes,including Pythium species,contain many devastating plant pathogens that have caused substantial economic losses worldwide.Although CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing is available,the selection markers available for genetic transformation in these species are limited.In this study,a mutated version of the Phytophthora capsici oxysterol binding protein-related protein 1(PcMuORP1),which is known to confer oxathiapiprolin resistance,was introduced into the CRISPR/Cas9 system for in situ complementation in Py.ultimum.We targeted PuLLP,which encodes a loricrin-like protein,and showed significant downregulation when the Puf RNA-binding protein-enc;oding gene PuM90 was knocked out.PuLLP knockout mutants were unable to produce oospores,indicating a similar biological function as PuM90.Reintroduction of PuLLP into the knoc;kout mutant using PcMuORP1 as a selection marker restored oospore production.Further comparisons with the conventional selection marker NPT II indicated that PcMuORP1 could be applied at a lower concentration and cost,and even result in a higher screening efficiency.Successive subculture in the absence of selective pressure showed that PcMuORP 1 had little long-term influence on the fitness of transformants,and therefore could be reused as an alternative selection marker.This study demonstrates successful implementation of the PcMuORP1 gene as a selection marker in the genetic;transformation of Pythium and reveals the loric;rin-like protein PuLLP as a sexual reproduction-related factor downstream of the Puf RNA-binding protein PuM90.Overall,these results will help accelerate functional genomic investigation of oomycetes.

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金松酸对HepG2细胞中甘油三酯蓄积的影响

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中国粮油学报 2022年第11期37卷 191-198页

作者：温思思陆元超丁珏余宁翔聂小华孟祥河浙江工业大学食品科学与工程学院浙江杭州310014

为探讨香榧金松酸(SA)对甘油三酯(TG)蓄积的影响及其作用机制,本研究以HepG2为模型细胞,首先采用MTT法确定油酸(OA)与SA的临界安全浓度,然后通过油红染色法观察细胞内脂质积累情况并定量测定了细胞内TG含量,最后利用RT-qPCR分析SA对细... 详细信息

为探讨香榧金松酸(SA)对甘油三酯(TG)蓄积的影响及其作用机制,本研究以HepG2为模型细胞,首先采用MTT法确定油酸(OA)与SA的临界安全浓度,然后通过油红染色法观察细胞内脂质积累情况并定量测定了细胞内TG含量,最后利用RT-qPCR分析SA对细胞脂质代谢关键基因的影响。结果显示:OA和SA总添加量为500 mol/L,随着SA替换量从0%上升到100%,细胞内TG蓄积明显降低,从0.033 mmol/g减低到0.017 mmol/g;脂肪酸合成关键基因FAS、ACC1、SCD1、SREBP1的表达量分别降低了40.92%、62.01%、25.56%、43.79%,脂肪酸氧化关键基因SCD1、PPARα的表达量分别提高了143.94%、445.11%,TG分解基因ATGL的表达量增加了123.71%。因此,SA显著抑制了细胞TG蓄积,其可能机制是SA通过上调TG分解代谢关键酶同时下调TG合成代谢关键酶。作为天然食物成分,SA在减肥食品开发方面具有良好的应用前景。

关键词：香榧油金松酸油酸甘油三酯蓄积 HepG2细胞

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