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Hydrodynamic characteristics and particle tracking of 90° lateral intakes at an inclined river slope

Water Science and Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 197-208页

作者： Wei He Si-yuan Feng Jian Zhang Hong-wu Tang yang Xiao sheng Chen Chun-sheng Liu College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Collaborative Innovation Center on Water Safety and Water Science Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

Lateral intakes are common in *** pump effciency and sediment deposition are determined by the local hydrodynamic characteristics and mainstream division *** hydraulic characteristics of lateral withdrawal from inclined river slopes at different intake elevations should be ***,the division width exhibits significant vertical non-uniformity at an inclined river slope,which should be ***,a three-dimensional(3-D)hydrodynamic and particle-tracking model was developed with the Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation(Open FOAM),and the model was validated with physical model tests for 90°lateral withdrawal from an inclined side *** flow fields,withdrawal sources,and division widths were investigated with different intake bottom elevations,withdrawal discharges,and main channel *** study showed that under inclined side bank conditions,water entered the intake at an oblique angle,causing significant 3-D spiral flows in the intake rather than two-dimensional closed recirculation.A lower withdrawal discharge,a lower bottom elevation of the intake,or a higher main channel velocity could further strengthen this *** average division width and turbulent kinetic energy were smaller under inclined side bank conditions than under vertical bank *** a low intake bottom elevation,a low withdrawal discharge,or a high main channel velocity,the sources of lateral withdrawal were in similar ranges near the local inclined bank in the vertical *** inclined slope conditions,sediment deposition near the intake entrance could be reduced,compared to that under vertical slope *** results provide hydrodynamic and sediment references for engineering designs for natural rivers with inclined terrains.

关键词： Lateral withdrawal Hydrodynamic characteristics Particle tracking Inclined river slope Bottom elevation of intake OpenFOAM

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Characteristics of AZ31 Mg alloy joint using automatic TIG welding

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第1期24卷 102-108页

作者： Hong-tao Liu Ji-xue Zhou Dong-qing Zhao Yun-teng Liu Jian-hua Wu yuan-sheng yang Bai-chang Ma Hai-hua Zhuang Shandong Key Laboratory for High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials Advanced Materials InstituteShandong Academy of SciencesJinan 250014China Shandong Engineering Research Center for Lightweight Automobiles Magnesium Alloys Advanced Materials InstituteShandong Academy of SciencesJinan 250014China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

The automatic tungsten-inert gas welding（ATIGW） of AZ31 Mg alloys was performed using a six-axis robot. The evolution of the microstructure and texture of the AZ31 auto-welded joints was studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. The ATIGW process resulted in coarse recrystallized grains in the heat affected zone（HAZ） and epitaxial growth of columnar grains in the fusion zone（FZ）. Substantial changes of texture between the base material（BM） and the FZ were detected. The {0002} basal plane in the BM was largely parallel to the sheet rolling plane, whereas the c-axis of the crystal lattice in the FZ inclined approximately 25° with respect to the welding direction. The maximum pole density increased from 9.45 in the BM to 12.9 in the FZ. The microhardness distribution, tensile properties, and fracture features of the AZ31 auto-welded joints were also investigated.

关键词： magnesium alloys TIG welding microstructure texture microhardness

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Effect of electrolyte cation-mediated mechanism on electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 139-146页

作者： yuan Dong Mutian Ma Zhenyang Jiao sheng Han Likun Xiong Zhao Deng yang Peng Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations College of EnergyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySoochow 215006China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow UniversitySoochow 215123China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghai 201418China

The steep reduction in costs and systematic optimization of renewable electricity has ignited an intensifying interest in harnessing electroreduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)RR)for the generation of chemicals and *** focus of research over the past few decades has been on the optimization of the electrode and the electrolyte ***,cation species in the latter have recently been found to dramatically alter the selectivity of CO_(2)RR and even their catalytic activity by multiple orders of *** a result,the selection of cations is a critical factor in designing catalytic interfaces with high selectivity and efficiency for targeted *** decision-making regarding cation selection relies on a comprehensive understanding of prevailing electrolyte effect models that have been used to elucidate observed experimental *** this perspective,we review the hypotheses that explain how electrolyte cations influence CO_(2)RR by mechanisms such as through tuning of the interfacial electric field,buffering of the local pH,stabilization of the key intermediates and regulation of the interfacial *** endeavor is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning cation effects,thus fostering the evolution of more holistic and universally applicable predictive *** this regard,we highlight the current challenges in this area of research,while also identifying potential avenues for future investigations.

关键词： CO_(2)electrocatalytic reduction Cation effects Catalytic mechanisms Catalytic interfaces Electric double layer

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Changes in global land surface frozen ground and freeze-thaw processes during 1950-2020 based on ERA5-Land data

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-274页

作者： Yong yang Ren-sheng CHEN Yong-Jian DING Hong-yuan LI Zhang-Wen LIU Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection College of Resources and EnvironmentLinyi UniversityLinyi 276000China

Frozen ground(FG)plays an important role in global and regional climates and environments through changes in land freeze-thaw processes,which have been conducted mainly in different ***,the changes in land surface freeze-thaw processes under climate change on a global scale are still *** on ERA5-Land hourly land skin temperature data,this study evaluated changes in the global FG area,global land surface first freeze date(FFD),last freeze date(LFD)and frost-free period(FFP)from 1950 to *** results show that the current FG areas(1991-2020 mean)in the Northern Hemisphere(NH),Southern Hemisphere(SH),and globe are 68.50×10^(6),9.03×10^(6),and 77.53×10^(6)km^(2),which account for 72.4%,26.8%,and 60.4%of the exposed land(excluding glaciers,ice sheets,and water bodies)in the NH,SH and the globe,respectively;further,relative to 1951-1980,the FG area decreased by 1.9%,8.8%,and 2.8%,*** FG at lower latitudes degrades to intermittently FG,and intermittently FG degrades to non-frozen ground,which caused the global FG boundary to retreat to higher latitudes from 1950 to *** annual FG areas in the NH,SH,and globe all show significant decreasing trends(p<0.05)from 1950 to 2020 at-0.32×10^(6),-0.22×10^(6),and-0.54×10^(6)km^(2)per decade,*** FFP prolongation in the NH is mainly influenced by LFD advance,while in the SH it is mainly controlled by FFD *** prolongation trend of FFP in the NH(1.34 d per decade)is larger than that in the SH(1.15 d per decade).

关键词： Frozen ground Freeze-thaw processes Frost-free period First freeze date Global warming

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Composite laminar membranes for electricity generation from water evaporation

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Nano Research 2024年第1期17卷 307-311页

作者： Xiao Wang Gang yuan Han Zhou Yu Jiang Shuo Wang Jiaojiao Ma Chongyang yang sheng Hu State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials(iChEM)College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM) Xiamen 361005China Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Harvesting clean energy from water evaporation has been extensively investigated due to its *** achieve high efficiency,energy conversion materials should contain multiple features which are difficult to be simultaneously obtained from single-component *** we use composite laminar membranes assembled by nanosheets of graphene oxide and mica,and find a sustained power density induced by water evaporation that is two orders of magnitude larger than that from membranes made by either of the *** power output is attributed to selective proton transport driven by water evaporation through the interlayer nanochannels in the *** process relies on the synergistic effects from negatively charged and hydrophilic mica surfaces that are important for proton selectivity and water transport,and the tunable electrical conductivity of graphene oxide that provides optimized internal *** demonstrated composite membranes offer a strategy of enhancing power generation by combining the advantages from each of their components.

关键词： graphene oxide mica water evaporation electrical double layer surface charge ion selectivity

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Microstructure and electrical conductivity of electroless copper plating layer on magnesium alloy micro-arc oxidation coating

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第12期32卷 3950-3962页

作者： Tao LI Zhong-jun LENG Xi-tao WANG Shi-fang WANG Su-qing ZHANG yuan-sheng yang Ji-xue ZHOU Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials Advanced Materials InstituteQilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250014China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

In order to impart electrical conductivity to the magnesium alloy micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coating,the electroless copper plating was *** of plating temperature and complexing agent concentration on the properties of the electroless copper plating layers were studied by measuring their microstructure,corrosion resistance and electrical *** was found that the optimized plating temperature was 60°C,and the most suitable value of the complexing agent concentration was 30 g/*** this condition,a complete and dense plating layer could be *** formation mechanism of the plating layer on magnesium alloy MAO coating was analyzed.A three-stage model of the plating process was *** square resistance of the plated specimen was finally reduced to 0.03Ω/□after the third *** electroless copper plating,the MAO coated sample obtained excellent electrical conductivity without significantly reducing its corrosion resistance.

关键词： electroless copper plating electrical conductivity MAO coating magnesium alloy

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Effect of post rolling stress on phase transformation behavior of microalloyed dual phase steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第3期31卷 688-699页

作者： Wen-quan Sun sheng-yi Yong Tie-heng yuan Ting-song yang An-rui He Chao Liu Rui-chun Guo National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The slow phase transformation of microalloyed dual phase steel makes the nonuniform stress and temperature fields during the post rolling cooling process have a significant impact on the phase transformation *** the relatively slow phase transformation of DP780 steel within the microalloyed dual phase steel series,the influence of stress on the phase transformation behavior of DP780 steel was *** quantify the nonuniform thermal and stress conditions in the steel coil,a thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model of the hot-rolled strip cooling process was *** on the simulation data,DP780 steel was chosen as the research material,and Gleeble 3500 thermal simulation equipment was used for experimental *** thermal expansion curves were analyzed through regression to establish the dynamic model of DP780 steel phase transformation under ***,metallographic analysis was conducted to determine phase transformation type and grain size of DP780 *** results confirmed that the stress promotes the occurrence of semi-diffusion-type bainite ***,an appropriate level of stress facilitates the growth of bainitic grains,while the increased stress inhibits the growth of ferritic grains.

关键词： Microalloyed dual phase steel Stress Bainitic transformation Grain Finite element method

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Restraining growth of Zn dendrites by poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium cations in aqueous electrolytes

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3735-3747页

作者： Xiang-Xin Zhang yuan-Qiang Chen Chang-Xin Lin yuan-sheng Lin Guo-Lin Hu Yong-Chuan Liu Xi-Lai Xue Su-Jing Chen Zhan-Lin yang Bai-sheng Sa Yi-Ning Zhang Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China Helmholtz Institute Ulm(HIU) 89081 UlmGermany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) 76021 KarlsruheGermany College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Metallic zinc is an excellent anode material for Zn-ion batteries,but the growth of Zn dendrite severely hinders its practical ***,an efficient and economical cationic additive,poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium(PDDA) was reported,used in aqueous Zn-ion batteries electrolyte for stabilizing Zn *** growth of zinc dendrites can be significantly restrained by benefiting from the pronounced electrostatic shielding effect from PDDA on the Zn metal ***,the PDDA is preferentially absorbed on Zn(002) plane,thus preventing unwanted side reactions on Zn *** to the introduction of a certain amount of PDDA additive into the common ZnSO_(4)-based electrolyte,the cycle life of assembled Zn‖Zn cells(1 mA·cm^(-2) and 1 mAh·cm^(-2)) is prolonged to more than 1100 *** response to the perforation issue of Zn electrodes caused by PDDA additives,the problem can be solved by combining foamy copper with zinc *** real application,Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors and MnO_(2)‖Zn cells were assembled,which exhibited excellent cycling stability with PDDA *** work provides a new solution and perspective to cope with the dendrite growth problem of Zn anode.

关键词： PDDA Electrostatic shielding effect Zn anode Zn dendrites

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Experimental,Numerical,and Analytical Studies on the Bending of Mechanically Lined Pipe

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第2期38卷 221-232页

作者： WEI Wen-bin yuan Lin ZHOU Jia-sheng LIU Zheng State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Civil Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Mechanically lined pipe(MLP)is often used for offshore oil and gas transport because of its low cost and corrosion *** installation and operation,the pipe may undergo severe bending deformation,which causes the liner to separate from the outer pipe and buckles,affecting the stability of the whole *** this paper,the buckling response of MLP subjected to bending is investigated to clarify its bending characteristics by employing both experiments,numerical simulation,as theoretical *** types of MLPs were manufactured with GB 45 carbon steel(SLP)and Al 6061(ALP)used as the outer pipe material,*** hydraulic expansion and bending experiments of small-scale MLPs are *** addition to the ovalized shape of the cross-section for the SLP specimens,the copper liner was found to wrinkle on the compressive *** contrast,the liner of ALP remains intact without developing any wrinkling and collapse *** addition,a dedicated numerical framework and theoretical models were also *** was found both the manufacturing and bending responses of the MLP can be well reproduced,and the predicted maximum moment and critical curvatures are in good agreement with the experimental results.

关键词： lined pipe bending nonlinear ring theory buckling plasticity

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Hydrogen-rich surface of MoC catalysts for efficient CO_(2) hydrogenation induced by a coupled hydrogen donator

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7762-7767页

作者： Dong Xu Si-yuan Xia Qi-yuan Li Jie-sheng Chen Xin-Hao Li School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Direct CO_(2) hydrogenation offers an important strategy for promoting the global carbon balance,but high thermodynamic and kinetic stability of CO_(2) has restricted its applicability to only a handful of industrial ***,we introduce a proof-of-concept application of the electron-rich Pt surface to promote hydrogen donation for electron-rich MoC particles acting as hydrogen acceptors,thereby constructing hydrogen-rich surface of MoC active ***,the formed hydrogen-rich and electronrich surface could greatly decrease reaction activation energy to boost the efficient CO_(2) hydrogenation into formic acid over the MoC *** optimized MoC@NC/Pt-0.1(NC:nitrogen-doped carbon)catalyst exhibits a high turnover frequency(TOF)value of 1.2 h^(−1) at a lower temperature of 60℃and a TOF of 24.2 h^(−1) under standard reaction conditions widely used in the literature,exceeding 7 times of MoC@NC catalyst and surpassing the benchmark classical non-noble metal active center-based heterogeneous catalyst.

关键词： electron-rich Pt nanoparticles hydrogen donation hydrogen-rich MoC nanoparticles CO_(2) hydrogenation formic acid

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