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Towards human-leveled vision systems

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2331-2349页

作者： ding JianHao huang TieJun State Key Laboratory of Multimedia Information Processing School of Computer Science Peking University

The human visual system is a complex and interconnected network comprising billions of neurons. It plays an essential role in translating environmental light stimuli into information that guides and shapes human perception and action. Research on the visual system aims to uncover the underlying neural structure principles of human visual perception and their possible ***, there are two main approaches: biological system analysis and simulation, artificial intelligence models based on deep learning. Here we aim to discuss the two approaches to human-level vision systems. Deep learning has significantly impacted the field of vision with achievements in representation, modeling, and hardware design. However, there is still a significant gap between deep learning models and the human visual system in terms of scalability, transferability, and sustainability. The progress of the biological visual system can help fill the gap by further understanding the properties and functions of different components of the system. We take the efforts of reconstructing the retina as an example to illustrate that even if we are unable to replicate the visual system on a computer right now, we can still learn a lot by combining existing research outcomes in neuroscience. At the end of the paper, we suggest tracing back to gradually build visual systems from the computational counterpart of biological structures to achieve a human-level vision system in the future.

关键词： human-leveled vision system deep learning biological visual system

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Advances in bioorganic molecules inspired degradation and surface modifications on Mg and its alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第3期10卷 723-745页

作者： Lei Cai Di Mei Zhao-Qi Zhang yuan-ding huang Lan-Yue Cui Shao-Kang Guan Dong-Chu Chen M.Bobby Kannan Yu-feng Zheng Rong-Chang Zeng Corrosion Laboratory for Light Metals College of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China MagIC-Magnesium Innovation Centre and Institute of Metallic Biomaterials Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck Straûe 1Geesthacht 21502Germany School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan 528000China School of Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia College of Science and Engineering James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQL 4811Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Mg alloys possess biodegradability,suitable mechanical properties,and biocompatibility,which make them possible to be used as biodegradable ***,the uncontrollable degradation of Mg alloys limits their general *** addition to the factors from the metallic materials themselves,like alloy compositions,heat treatment process and microstructure,some external factors,relating to the test/service environment,also affect the degradation rate of Mg alloys,such as inorganic salts,bioorganic small molecules,bioorganic *** influence of bioorganic molecules on Mg corrosion and its protection has attracted more and more *** this work,the cutting-edge advances in the influence of bioorganic molecules(i.e.,protein,glucose,amino acids,vitamins and polypeptide)and their coupling effect on Mg degradation and the formation of protection coatings were *** research orientations of biomedical Mg alloys in exploring degradation mechanisms in vitro were proposed,and the impact of bioorganic molecules on the protective approaches were also explored.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Biomaterial Bioorganic molecules Degradation Coating Glucose.

Analysis on the causes of massive stranding of Yellow Sea green tide on Lianyungang and Rizhao coasts in 2022

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 816-830页

作者： Lingjuan WU Juan huang Yi ding Guiyan LIU Shuai huang Song GAO Chao yuan Jiangling XU Ping WU Rui huang Ruobing WEN Jie MEI North China Sea Marine Forecasting and Hazard Mitigation Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Qingdao 266061China National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology Xi’an 710129China East China Sea Marine Forecasting and Hazard Mitigation Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesShanghai 200136China North China Sea Ecological Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266033China

In 2022,Yellow Sea green tide caused by Ulva prolifera reached a historic minimum and the coastal areas of Shandong Peninsula were less ***,the largest amount of seaweed biomass has been washed ashore on Lianyungang and Rizhao coasts since *** studied the development pattern of Yellow Sea green tide in 2022,and analyzed the key environmental factors on the growth and drifting,then discussed the possible reasons that resulted in the massive stranding of green tide biomass in Lianyungang and *** show under the combined influence of the east to southeast winds and currents with shoreward anomalies,green tide drifted to the coastal waters between Shandong and Jiangsu provinces and the distribution areas located westward compared with previous years(2008–2021).Floating *** rafts from the coastal waters of Binhai and Sheyang drifted continuously into the coastal waters of Lianyungang and Rizhao,providing important supplements for Yellow Sea green *** green tide in 2022 distributed close to the coastal waters,the abundant nutrients might support their continuous high growth *** addition,the amount of rainfall around Shandong Peninsula from late June to early July were significantly higher than in previous years,which might promote the development of green tide to some extent.

关键词： Yellow Sea green tide stranding biomass development pattern environmental factor

Analytical Expression for the Atomic Friction of a Single Asperity Based on the Prandtl-Tomlinson Model

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第3期37卷 416-422页

作者： Weike yuan Yue ding Gangfeng Wang Xinrui Niu Department of Engineering Mechanics SVLMMLXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077China

The Prandtl-Tomlinson(PT)model has been widely applied to interpret the atomic friction mechanism of a single *** this study,we present an approximate explicit expression for the friction force in the one-dimensional PT model under quasi-static ***‘stick-slip’friction curves are first approximated properly by sawtooth-like lines,where the critical points before and after the‘slip’motion are described analytically in terms of a dimensionless parameterη.Following this,the average friction force is expressed in a closed form that remains continuous and valid forη>***,an analytical expression for the load dependence of atomic friction of a single asperity is derived by connecting the parameterηwith the normal *** the parameters reported in experiments,our prediction shows good agreement with relevant experimental results.

关键词： Atomic friction Stick-slip friction Prandtl-Tomlinson model Friction force microscope

Data-driven discovery of linear dynamical systems from noisy data

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 121-129页

作者： WANG YaSen yuan Ye FANG HuaZhen ding Han School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of KansasLawrence 66045USA

In modern science and engineering disciplines,data-driven discovery methods play a fundamental role in system modeling,as data serve as the external representations of the intrinsic mechanisms within ***,empirical data contaminated by process and measurement noise remain a significant obstacle for this type of *** this study,we have developed a data-driven method capable of directly uncovering linear dynamical systems from noisy *** method combines the Kalman smoothing and sparse Bayesian learning to decouple process and measurement noise under the expectation-maximization framework,presenting an analytical method for alternate state estimation and system ***,the discovered model explicitly characterizes the probability distribution of process and measurement noise,as they are essential for filtering,smoothing,and stochastic *** have successfully applied the proposed algorithm to several simulation *** results demonstrate its potential to enable linear dynamical system discovery in practical applications where noise-free data are intractable to capture.

关键词： system identification sparse Bayesian learning Kalman smoothing process and measurement noise

Discovery potential of the Glashow resonance in an air shower neutrino telescope

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第8期48卷 266-275页

作者： Guo-yuan huang School of Mathematics and Physics China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 169117 HeidelbergGermany

The in-ice or in-water Cherenkov neutrino telescope,such as IceCube,has already proved its power in measuring the Glashow resonance by searching for the bump around E_(ν)=6.3PeV arising from the W-boson *** are many proposals for the next few decades for observations of cosmic tau neutrinos with extensive air showers,also known as tau neutrino *** air shower telescope is,in principle,sensitive to the Glashow resonance via the channel W→τν_(τ)followed by the tau decay in the air(e.g.,TAMBO,which has a geometric area of approximately 500km^(2)).Using a thorough numerical analysis,we find that the discovery significance can be up to 90%with a TAMBO-like setup if PeV neutrinos primarily originate from neutron decays,considering the flux parameters measured by IceCube as the *** presence of new physics affecting the neutrino flavor composition can also increase the ***,if ultrahigh-energy neutrinos are dominantly produced from meson decays,it will be statistically difficult for an advanced proposal such as TAMBO to discriminate the Glashow resonance induced byν¯e from the intrinsicντ/ν¯_(τ)*** have identified several limitations for such advanced telescopes,in comparison with the in-ice or in-water telescope,when measuring resonances:(i)a suppressed branching ratio of 11%for the decay W→τν_(τ);(ii)the smearing effect and reduced acceptance because the daughter neutrino takes away(y)∼75%of the energy from the W decay;and(iii)a large attenuation effect for Earth-skimming neutrinos with the resonance.

关键词： Ultrahigh-energy neutrinos Neutrino telescopes Glashow resonance

Effective removal of Sb(V)from aqueous solutions by micro-electrolysis with composite scrap iron-manganese as filler

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第6期25卷 516-524页

作者： Shangkun ding Saihua huang Yiping ZHANG Yongchao ZHOU Institute of Municipal Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power Hangzhou310018China

Micro-electrolysis(ME)technology is investigated for improving the efficiency of removal of pentavalent antimony(Sb(V))from the *** this study,an ME system composed of scrap iron filings,waste manganese fillings,and activated carbon(Fe-Mn-C ME)was used to efficiently remove Sb(V).The results proved that,compared with conventional iron-carbon micro-electrolysis(Fe-C ME),Fe-Mn-C ME significantly enhances the removal rate of Sb(V)when the hydraulic retention time is 10–24 *** Fe-Mn flocs produced by this system were analyzed using X-ray diffraction(XRD),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area analysis,which revealed that the flocs were mostly Mn-substituted FeOOH and had a relatively larger specific surface area,providing better adsorption ***,it was found that the removal rate of Sb(V)decreased as the iron-carbon mass ratio increased,while it first increased and then decreased as the manganese content *** reduction of Fe(III)was accelerated with an increase in the addition of manganese,leading to an increase in the concentration of Fe(II).The electron transfer and the formation of Fe(II)were facilitated by the potential difference between manganese and carbon,as well as by the formation of microcells between iron and manganese,which improved the reduction ability of Sb(V).From our thorough investigation and research,this is the first report that has proposed Fe-Mn-C ME for removing *** provides a novel approach and technological support for removing Sb(V)efficiently.

关键词： Antimony Iron Manganese Micro-electrolysis(ME) Electrochemistry Mechanism

A multiscale differential-algebraic neural network-based method for learning dynamical systems

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International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics 2024年第1期4卷 77-87页

作者： Yin huang Jieyu ding College of Computer Science&Technology Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina School of Mathematics and Statistics Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina Center for Computational Mechanics and Engineering Simulation Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina

The objective of dynamical system learning tasks is to forecast the future behavior of a system by leveraging observed ***,such systems can sometimes exhibit rigidity due to significant variations in component parameters or the presence of slow and fast variables,leading to challenges in *** overcome this limitation,we propose a multiscale differential-algebraic neural network(MDANN)method that utilizes Lagrangian mechanics and incorporates multiscale information for dynamical system *** MDANN method consists of two main components:the Lagrangian mechanics module and the multiscale *** Lagrangian mechanics module embeds the system in Cartesian coordinates,adopts a differential-algebraic equation format,and uses Lagrange multipliers to impose constraints explicitly,simplifying the learning *** multiscale module converts high-frequency components into low-frequency components using radial scaling to learn subprocesses with large differences in *** results demonstrate that the proposed MDANN method effectively improves the learning of dynamical systems under rigid conditions.

关键词： dynamical systems learning multibody system dynamics differential-algebraic equation neural networks multiscale structures

Optical system for extremely large spectroscopic survey telescope

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 158-174页

作者： ding-qiang Su Hua Bai Xiangyan yuan Xiangqun Cui Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education School of Astronomy and Space ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology(NIAOT) Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210042China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 211135China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China

This article presents research work on a spectroscopic survey *** idea is as follows:for such a telescope,a pure reflecting optical system is designed,which should have an aperture and a field of view(FOV)both as large as possible and excellent image quality,and then a strip lensm(lens-prism)atmospheric dispersion corrector(S-ADC)is added,only for correcting the atmospheric *** the fund limitation and the simplicity of scaling up,some 12-m telescopes are designed as ***,Korsch,and Meinel put forward the four-mirror Nasmyth systems I and II,which are used in this *** of 1.5°,2°,and 2.5°are *** all systems,the image qualities are *** the S-ADC relaxes the optical glass size restriction,this 12-m telescope with a FOV of 2.5°can be magnified in proportion to a 16-m *** etendue(from Frenchétendue)and focal surface will now be the largest in the *** such a telescope,a pure reflecting optical system can also be obtained.A subsequent coudésystem is designed with excellent image quality.

关键词： telescopes spectroscopic survey