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Numerical experiments of HAB inducement in qingdao adjacent coastal area

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第5期29卷 109-120页

作者： LIU Xuehai LI Ruixiang yuAN Yeli College of Physical and Environmental oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China first institute of {2. State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China key laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical {2. State Oceanic Administration First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

A three-dimension ecological dynamic model was established to numerically study the relationship of HAB and environmental *** numerical experiments showed that the growth of diatom,the dominant HAB specie,was mainly restricted by phosphate and *** the concentrations of phosphate and silicate reach 17-2. μg/L and 3.0-3.5 μg/L respectively,the water is in a state of *** phosphate and silicate up to 2.-3.0}μg/L and 3.0-500 μg/L respectively,HAB could be *** major regions of HAB occurrence are Jiaozhou Bay mouth,coastal bays,and coastal area from Maidao to *** avoid HAB occurrence,concentration of phosphate and silicate should not exceed 17-2. μg/L and 3.0 μg/L as a *** control of pollutant discharge is a key point to prevent water eutrophication and HAB occurrence.

关键词： HAB numerical model marine ecosystem dynamics environmental condition

AN EXTENDED modeling OF TIDE-WAVE MOTION

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第3期13卷 100-106页

作者： Zhang Qing hua, Xu Hao, Qu yuan yuan{2.,{3., qingdao 266061, china key laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical modeling,{3., qingdao 266061, china first Inst. of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

By vertical boundary conditions, a spectral expansion of horizontal tide wave velocity is done in vertical direction in terms of a complete basis functions selected properly, hence a relation between tide levels and spectral components is found theoretically under condition of ignoring the horizontal friction stress and nonlinear effect. And a relation between bottom friction of tide current, which satisfies the viscous condition on sea bottom, and tide levels is determined. The relation is different from the relation of the traditional parameterizing of bottom friction. Moreover integration of the continuity equation and momentum equations is carried out in the vertical direction using zero flux condition on solid boundaries and inputting condition on open boundaries, and then a boundary value problem of elliptic form on the tide levels is constructed.

关键词： tide waves basis function spectral expansion bottom friction

THE RE-DERIVATION OF THE VORTICITY EQUATION OF THE LAYERED FLOW OF THE SHALLOW SEA

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第3期13卷 10-16页

作者： Zhang Qing-hua, Li Jian ke, Qu yuan yuan{2.,{3., qingdao 266061, china key laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical modeling,{3., qingdao 266061, china first Inst. of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

The scale analysis of the layered flow problem of the shallow sea shows that the parameter of E V represented the relative thickness of the friction layer is the little value larger than Rossby number. This illustrates that they are not ignorable and the important control factors of the layered flow although friction effect is only limited within interface Ekman layer and bottom Ekman layer. Using larger little parameter E V as the little perturbation parameter is more reasonable than using the classical Rossby number ε. By using the perturbation expansion and doing the researches of the structure of the Ekman layer on the sea surface, sea bottom and interface, a group of new layered flow vorticity equation is derived. It combines the vorticity of the flow of every layer, the inclination of the interface, the inclination of the sea bottom and the wind stress vorticity on the sea surface. Different from the conventional vorticity equation, which derived by using Rossby number as little parameter and is applied to large scale motion, it allows relatively large interfaces fluctuation, even it is applied to the problem that interface touch the bottom or touch the sea surface.

关键词： interface Ekman layer interface fluctuation touch the bottom touch the sea surface

The relationship between sea surface temperature anomaly and wind energy input in the Pacific Ocean

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第10期19卷 1409-1412页

作者： Chuanjiang Huang,Fangli Qiao key laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical {2.,The{3.,state oceanic administration,qingdao 266061,china key laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical {2. The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

The relationship between sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) and wind energy input in the Pacific Ocean over the period of 1949-2.03.is studied by using daily-mean NOAA/NCEP wind stress and monthly mean Reynolds SST *** results indicate the strong negative correlation between SSTA and local wind energy input to surface waves in most of the domain at low and middle *** SST is low(high) during the years with more(less) wind energy *** correlation coefficients are high in the central and eastern tropical Pacific and the central midlatitude North Pacific at the decadal scale,and in the central tropical Pacific at the interannual *** mixing processes in the upper ocean are closely associated with wind energy input,indicating that wind energy input may play an important role in interannual and decadal variability in the Pacific Ocean via regulating vertical mixing.

关键词： Wind energy Interannual and decadal variability SSTA Vertical mixing

Spatial and temporal variability of heat content above the thermocline in the tropical Pacific Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第2期22卷 179-190页

作者： Pu Shuzhen, yu Fei, Hu Xiaomin, Chen Xingrong first institute of oceanography,{2.,{3.,china, first institute of {2. State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

Heat content of the upper layer above the 2.℃ isotherm in the tropical Pacific Ocean isestimated by using the sea temperature data set with a resolution 2.latitude×5°longitude (1980-1993. for the water depths (every 10 m) from 0 m to 400 m, and its temporal and spatial variabilities are analyzed. (1) The temporal variability indicates that the total heat in the upper layer of the equatorial Pacific Ocean is characterized by the interannual variability. The time series of the equatorial heat anomaly 5 months lead that of the El Nino index at the best positive lag correlation between the two, and the former 13.months lag behind the latter at their best negative lag correlation. Therefore the equatorial heat content can be used as a better predictor than the El Nino index for a warm or cold event. In addition, it is also found that less heat anomaly in the equator corresponds to the stronger warm events in the period (1980- 1993. and much more heat was accumulated in the 4 years including 1992.1993.ENSO (1989-1993. than the 4 years including 1982.1983.ENSO (1980-1983.; (2. The spatial variability indicates that the area with the highest lag correlation among the grids moves in an anti-clockwise circle in the northern tropical Pacific Ocean within 4 years period and in a clockwise circle in the southern tropical Pacific Ocean. This result provides scientific evidence for the quasi - cycle theory of El Nino events.

关键词： Heat content ENSO tropical Pacific Ocean

EI NIO PHENOMENON AND EXTENDED ASSOCIATE PATTERN ANALYSIS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2004年第1期16卷 90-100页

作者： CUIMao-chang MOJun QIAOFang-li instituteofOceanology ChineseAcademyofSciences.Qingdao266071China／KeyLaboratoryofMarineScienceandNumericalmodelingTheFirstInstituteofOceanographyStateOceanicAdministrationQingdao266061China. instituteofOceanology ChineseAcademyofSciences.Qingdao266071China keylaboratoryofMarineScienceandNumerical{2. TheFirstInstituteofOceanographyStateOceanicAdministrationQingdao266061China

To study the causes of El Nino Phenomenon the Extended Associate PatternAnalysis (EAPA) is set up with monthly sea surface wind stress and precipitation besides Sea LevelPressure (SLP) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in or over the Pacific and related seas since 1979in present paper. The results show that El Nino Phenomenon means a SST redistribution, coveringalmost the whole Pacific that needs a huge amount of energy provided by air-sea interaction in themost Pacific regions; It is the wester burst and wind convergence, coming from meddle latitudesdirectly, instead of Kelvin waves that produce the strong SST warm signal in Nino regions; Twonegative SLP anomalies in middle of the North and South Pacific, most likely produced by the averageair pressure decreasing effect of explosive cyclones through precipitation, and the positive SLPanomaly o-ver the Asia-Australia land bridge, coming mainly from the south hemisphere with a littleinfluence from the Asian continent, are the three major causes for El Nino onset, they work togetherto produce anomalous wind convergence in Nino regions and wester burst in middle of the North andSouth Pacific that result in a warm tongue and cold pincers gearing together; Basically, during itsearly stage the ocean is forced by the atmosphere, while during its late stage the atmosphere isforced by the ocean.

关键词： extended associate pattern analysis (EAPA) El nino phenomenon

Eigen solutions of internal waves over subcritical topography

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第2期30卷 1-8页

作者： DAI Dejun WANG wei ZHANG Qinghua QIAO Fangli yuAN Yeli The first institute of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China key laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical {2. State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061 China Physical oceanography laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 ChinaP~eceived 13 June 2010 accepted 2.December 2.10

Diapycnal mixing plays an important role in the ocean *** waves are a kind of bridge relating the diapycnal mixing to external sources of mechanical *** in obtaining eigen solutions of internal waves over curved topography is a limitation for further theoretical study on the generation problem and scattering *** this study,a kind of transform method is put forward to derive the eigen solutions of internal waves over subcritical topography in twodimensional and linear *** transform converts the curved topography in physical space to flat bottom in transform space while the governing equation of internal waves is still hyperbolic if proper transform function is ***,one can obtain eigen solutions of internal waves in the transform *** examples of transform functions,which convert the linear slope,the convex slope,and the concave slope to flat bottom,and the corresponding eigen solutions are illustrated.A method,using a polynomial to approximate the transform function and least squares method to estimate the undetermined coefficients in the polynomial,is introduced to calculate the approximate expression of the transform function for the given subcritical topography.

关键词： internal waves transform method eigen solutions subcritical curved topography

Reconstruction of eddies by assimilating satellite altimeter data into Princeton Ocean Model

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第1期29卷 1-11页

作者： YIN Xunqiang QIAO Fangli XIA Changshui LU Xin＇gang YANG Yongzeng College of Physical and Environmental oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao first institute of {2. State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China key laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical {2. （MASNUM） State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

An optimal interpolation assimilation model for satellite altimetry data is developed based on Princeton Ocean Model （POM）, which is applied in a quasi-global domain, by the method of isotropic correlation between sea level anomaly （SLA） and sea temperature anomaly. The performance of this assimilation model is validated by the modeled results of SLA and the current patterns. Comparisons between modeling and satellite data show that both the magnitudes and distribution patterns of the sinmlated SLA are improved by assimilation. The most significant improvement is that meso-scale systems, e.g., eddies, are well reconstructed. The evolution of an eddy located in the northwest Pacific Ocean is traced by using the assimilation model. Model results show that during three months the eddy migrated southwestward for about 6 degrees before merging into the Kuroshio. The three dimensional structure of this eddy on 12.August 2.01 is further analyzed. The strength of this warm, cyclonic eddy decreases with the increase of depth. The eddy shows different horizontal patterns at different layers, and the SLA and temperature fields agree with each other well. This study suggests that this kind of data assimilation is economic and reliable for eddy reconstruction, and can be used as a promising technique in further studies of ocean eddies as well as other fine circulation structures.

关键词： data assimilation eddy numerical model optimal interpolation POM

UNIFICATION AND APPLICATIONS OF MODERN oceanic/ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION ALGORITHMS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2004年第5期16卷 501-517页

作者： QIAOFang-li ZHANGShao-qing yuANYe-li instituteofoceanography ChineseAcademyofSciencesQingdao266071China GeophysicalFluidDynamicslaboratory PrincetonUniversityPrincetonNJ08542USA keylaboratoryofMarineScienceandNumerical{2. TheFirstInstituteofOceanographyStateOceanicAdministrationQingdao266061China

The key mathematics and applications of various modern atmospheric/oceanicdata assimilation methods including Optimal Interpolation (OI), 4-dimensional variational approach(4D-Var) and filters were systematically reviewed and classified. Based on the data assimilationphilosophy, i. e. , using model dynamics to extract the observational information, the commoncharacter of the problem, such as the probabilistic nature of the evolution of theatmospheric/oceanic system, noisy and irregularly spaced observations, and the advantages anddisadvantages of these data assimilation algorithms, were discussed. In the filtering framework, allmodern data assimilation algorithms were unified: OI/3.-Var is a stationary filter, 4D-Var is alinear (Kalman) filter and an ensemble of Kalman filters is able to construct a nonlinear *** nonlinear filter such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EN-KF), Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter(EAKF) and Ensemble Transformation Kalman Filter (ETKF) can, to some extent, account for thenon-Gaussian information of the prior distribution from the model. The flow-dependent covarianceestimated by an ensemble filter may be introduced to OI and 4D-Var to improve these traditionalalgorithms. In practice, the performance of algorithms may depend on the specific numerical modeland the choice of algorithm may depend on the specific problem. However, the unification ofalgorithms allows us to establish a unified test system to evaluate these algorithms, which providesmore insights into data assimilation philosophies and helps improve data assimilation techniques.

关键词： data assimilation oceanic/atmospheric system filtering optimalinterpolation (OI) 4-dimensional variational(4D-Var) approach