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Robust interface and excellent as-built mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V fabricated through laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder and wire

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 154-168页

作者： Fei Weng Guijun Bi youxiang chew.shang sui Chaolin Tan Zhenglin Du Jinlong Su Fern Lan Ng Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationShandong Engineering&Technology Research Center for Superhard MaterialSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061China Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510095China Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 5 Cleantech Loop636732Singapore

The feasibility of manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V samples through a combination of laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder(LAAM_(p))and wire(LAAM_(w))was explored.A process study was first conducted to successfully circumvent defects in Ti-6Al-4V deposits for LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w),*** the optimized process parameters,robust interfaces were achieved between powder/wire deposits and the forged substrate,as well as between powder and wire *** characterization results revealed the epitaxial prior β grains in the deposited Ti-6Al-4V,wherein the powder deposit was dominated by a finerα′microstructure and the wire deposit was characterized by lamellar α *** mechanisms of microstructure formation and correlation with mechanical behavior were analyzed and *** mechanical properties of the interfacial samples can meet the requirements of the relevant Aerospace Material Specifications(AMS 6932)even without post heat *** fracture occurred within the interfacial area,further suggesting the robust *** findings of this study highlighted the feasibility of combining LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w) in the direct manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V parts in accordance with the required dimensional resolution and deposition rate,together with sound strength and ductility balance in the as-built condition.

关键词： laser-aided additive manufacturing powder deposition wire deposition interfacial characteristic mechanical behavior

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Study of the intrinsic mechanisms of nickel additive for grain refinement and strength enhancement of laser aided additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2022年第3期4卷 132-148页

作者： shang sui youxiang chew Fei Weng Chaolin Tan Zhenglin Du Guijun Bi Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology A∗STAR73 Nanyang Drive637662Singapore Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing GDASGuangzhou 510070People’s Republic of China

It is well-known that grain refiners can tailor the microstructure and enhance the mechanical properties of titanium alloys fabricated by additive manufacturing(AM). However, the intrinsic mechanisms of Ni addition on AM-built Ti–6Al–4V alloy is not well established. This limits its industrial applications. This work systematically investigated the influence of Ni additive on Ti–6Al–4V alloy fabricated by laser aided additive manufacturing(LAAM). The results showed that Ni addition yields three key effects on the microstructural evolution of LAAM-built Ti–6Al–4V alloy.(a) Ni additive remarkably refines the prior-β grains, which is due to the widened solidification range. As the Ni addition increased from 0 to 2.5 wt. %, the major-axis length and aspect ratio of the prior-β grains reduced from over 1500 μm and 7 to 97.7 μm and1.46, respectively.(b) Ni additive can discernibly induce the formation of globular α phase,which is attributed to the enhanced concentration gradient between the β and α phases. This is the driving force of globularization according to the termination mass transfer theory. The aspect ratio of the α laths decreased from 4.14 to 2.79 as the Ni addition increased from 0 to2.5 wt. %.(c) Ni as a well-known β-stabilizer and it can remarkably increase the volume fraction of β phase. Room-temperature tensile results demonstrated an increase in mechanical strength and an almost linearly decreasing elongation with increasing Ni addition. A modified mathematical model was used to quantitatively analyze the strengthening mechanism. It was evident from the results that the α lath phase and the solid solutes contribute the most to the overall yield strength of the LAAM-built Ti–6Al–4V–x Ni alloys in this work. Furthermore, the decrease in elongation with increasing Ni addition is due to the deterioration in deformability of the β phase caused by a large amount of solid-solution Ni atoms. These findings can accelerate the development of additively manufacture

关键词： Ni addition microstructure refinement laser aided additive manufacturing titanium alloys strengthening mechanism

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Effect of cyclic heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser aided additive manufacturing Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy

Advanced Powder Materials

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Advanced Powder Materials 2022年第1期1卷 59-66页

作者： shang sui youxiang chew Zhiwei Hao Fei Weng Chaolin Tan Zhenglin Du Guijun Bi Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology A∗STAR73 Nanyang Drive637662Singapore State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youyi RoadBeilin DistrictXi'an Shaanxi710072China Key Laboratory of Metal High Performance Additive Manufacturing and Innovative Design MIIT ChinaNorthwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youyi RoadBeilin DistrictXi'an Shaanxi710072China

Globularαphases can significantly improve the ductility of titanium *** heat treatment(CHT)has been proved to be an effective way to induce the formation of globularαphases inα+βtitanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by laser aided additive manufacturing(LAAM).However,there is no prior research reporting methods for obtaining globularαphases in LAAM-built near-αtitanium *** work investigated the cyclic heat treatment(CHT)procedures suitable for the LAAM-built near-αtitanium alloy Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo(Ti6242)to attain the globularα*** results show that 980℃ is the most suitable upper temperature limit for ***,it is difficult to achieve a high volume fraction of the globularαphases in the LAAM-built Ti6242 alloys through CHT,which is ascribed to the low composition gradient caused by moreα-stabilizing elements and fewerβ-stabilizing *** as-built sample demonstrated elongation of 6.3%,which is lower than the AMS 4919J standard(elongation≥10%).After 980℃ CHT and 980℃ CHT with solution heat-treatment,the formation of the globularαphases significantly increased the elongation to 13.5%and 12.9%,*** the mechanical strength is reduced after heat-treatment,the room-temperature tensile properties still exceed the AMS 4919J *** examination showed that the as-built sample exhibited a mixed brittle and ductile fracture behavior,while the 980℃ CHT and 980℃ CHT with solution heat-treated samples displayed ductile fracture.

关键词： Cyclic heat treatment Globularαphase Ti6242 alloy Laser aided additive manufacturing Room-temperature tensile properties

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The invariant of the stiffness filter function with the weight filter function of the power function form

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2012年第6期28卷 1617-1619页

作者： Zhen shang Yun-Kang sui The Centre of Numerical Simulation for Engineering College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology

Based on the independent, continuous and map- ping （ICM） method and homogenization method, a research model is constructed to propose and deduce a theorem and corollary from the invariant between the weight filter func- tion and the corresponding stiffness filter function of the form of power function. The efficiency in searching for op- timum solution will be raised via the choice of rational filter functions, so the above mentioned results are very important to the further study of structural topology optimization.

关键词： ICM method Filter function Power function Invariant

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A Micro-Mechanism Model for Porous Media

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2009年第11期52卷 936-940页

作者： WU Jin-sui YIN shang-Xian Department of Basic Teaching North China University of Science and Technology Beijing 101601 China Faculty of Safety Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Beijing 101601 China

Based on the tortuous-expanding path/channel model,a micro-mechanism model for porous media is *** proposed model is expressed as a function of tortuosity,porosity,resistance coefficient,and fluid *** parameter in the proposed model has clear physical *** results show that the model predictions are ingood agreement with those from the existing experimental data.

关键词： resistance porous media micro-mechanism model

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Microstructure and room-temperature tensile property of Ti-5.7Al-4.0Sn-3.5Zr-0.4Mo-0.4Si-0.4Nb-1.0Ta-0.05C with near equiaxed β grain fabricated by laser directed energy deposition technique

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第6期101卷 308-320页

作者： MengCheng Deng shang sui Bo Yao Liang Ma Xin Lin Jing Chen State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Key Laboratory of Metal High Performance Additive Manufacturing and Innovative Design MIIT ChinaNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Near-equiaxed β grain was achieved in the near-α Ti60(Ti-5.7Al-4.0Sn-3.5Zr-0.4Mo-0.4Si-0.4Nb-1.0Ta-0.05C) titanium alloy via laser directed energy deposition(LDED). The microstructural evolution along the building direction and the room-temperature tensile properties along the horizontal and vertical directions(building direction) were systematically studied through SEM and OM. EBSD and XRD were utilized to accurately demonstrate the texture of the α and β phases. The results showed that the α phase presented a low texture intensity, which was ascribed to the weak textured β grain with near-equiaxed morphology, since there are Burgers orientation relationships during the β →α transition. In addition, numerical simulation, combined with the CET curve of Ti60 alloy considering the effect of multi-composition,was utilized to elucidate the formation mechanism of the near-equiaxed β grains. Furthermore, according to the solidification theory, we proposed that the solidification temperature range ΔTfwas more accurate than the growth restriction factor Q in predicting the formation tendency of equiaxed β grain in different titanium alloys. Tensile results showed that the horizontal and vertical samples had similar strength,while the former exhibited larger elongation than the latter. The effect of the near-equiaxed β grain and the internal α phase on mechanical properties were revealed at last.

关键词： Laser directed energy deposition Near-αtitanium alloy Equiaxedβgrain Room-temperature tensile property

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Introduction of a New Method for Regulating Laves Phases in Inconel 718 Superalloy during a Laser-Repairing Process

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 239-246页

作者： shang sui Haosheng Li Zuo Li Xuan Zhao Liang Ma Jing Chen State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Key Laboratory of Metal High Performance Additive Manufacturing and Innovative Design Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

The morphology,size,and distribution of Laves phases have important influences on the mechanical properties of laser-repaired Inconel 718(IN718)*** to the deterioration of the substrate zone,the Laves phase in the laser cladding zone of IN718 superalloy cannot be optimized by a hightemperature solution *** this study,an in situ laser heat-treatment method was proposed to regulate the morphology and size of the Laves phase in the laser cladding zone of IN718 superalloy without impacting the substrate *** the in situ laser heat-treatment process,a laser was used to heat previously deposited layers with optimized manufacturing parameters.A thermocouple and an infrared camera were used to analyze thermal cycles and real-time temperature fields,*** and micro-segregations were observed by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and electron probe *** was found that the in situ laser heat treatment effectively changed the morphology and size of the Laves phase,which was transformed from a continuous striplike shape to a discrete granular *** effective temperature range and duration were the two main factors influencing the Laves phase during the in situ laser heat-treatment *** effective temperature range was determined by the laser linear energy density,and the peak temperature increased with the increase of the linear energy *** addition,the temperature amplitude could be reduced by simultaneously increasing the laser power and the scanning ***,a flow diagram was developed based on the in situ laser heat-treatment process,and the deposition of a single-walled sample with fine and granular Laves phases was detected.

关键词： Laser repair In situ laser heat treatment Inconel 718 alloy Laves phase

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Genetic, hormonal, and environmental control of tillering in wheat

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The Crop Journal 2021年第5期9卷 986-991页

作者： Qiushuang shang Yaping Wang Heng Tang Na sui Xiansheng Zhang Fang Wang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018ShandongChina College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018ShandongChina Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress College of Life ScienceShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014ShandongChina

Tillering contributes greatly to grain yield in *** the mechanisms of tillering provides a theoretical foundation and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of *** regulation of tillering is a complex molecular process that involves a multitude of *** is known about the molecular mechanisms in the wheat genome,although progress has been made in *** we review the developmental characteristics of tillers and summarize current knowledge of the roles of endogenous and environmental factors in wheat *** propose directions for future studies and advanced technologies to be used for gene identification and functional studies.

关键词： Wheat Tillering Genetic control Hormonal regulation Environmental factor

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Study on anisotropy of microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing

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China Foundry 2023年第4期20卷 280-288页

作者： Dong Ma Chun-jie Xu Jun Tian shang sui Can Guo Xiang-quan Wu Zhong-ming Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048China Xi'an Shechtman Nobel Prize New Materials Institute Xi'an 710048China Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy Additive Manufacturing and Precision Forming Xi'an 710048China MGM Nobel Prize New Materials Co. Ltd.Tongchuan 727100ShaanxiChina

Based on wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)technology,AZ31 magnesium alloy in bulk was successfully fabricated,and its microstructure as well as mechanical properties in different planes were observed and *** AZ31 magnesium alloy has a similar microstructure in the building direction(Z)and travel direction(X),both of which are equiaxed *** are heat-affected zones(HAZs)with coarse grains below the fusion *** second phase is primarily composed of the Mg17Al12 phase,which is evenly distributed in different *** addition,the residual stress varies in different *** is no significant difference in the hardness of the AZ31 alloy along the Z and X directions,with the average hardness being 68.4 HV and 67.9 HV,*** though the specimens’ultimate tensile strength along the travel direction is higher in comparison to that along the building direction,their differences in elongation and yield strength are smaller,indicating that the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the material is small.

关键词： magnesium alloy wire arc additive manufacturing anisotropy microstructure mechanical properties

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Enhanced strength-ductility synergy in a wire and arc additively manufactured Mg alloy via tuning interlayer dwell time

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第12期11卷 4696-4709页

作者： Dong Ma Chunjie Xu shang sui Jun Tian Can Guo Xiangquan Wu Zhongming Zhang Dan Shechtman Sergei Remennik School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’anShaanxi 710048China Xi’an Shechtman Nobel Prize New Materials Institute Xi’an 710048China Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy Additive Manufacturing and Precision Forming Xi’anShaanxi 710048China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 32000Israel Center for Nanoscience&Nanotechnology Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J.Safra CampusJerusalem 91904Israel MGM Nobel Prize New Materials Co. LtdTongchuan 727100China

Strength-ductility trade-off is a common issue in Mg alloys. This work proposed that a synergistic enhancement of strength and ductility could be achieved through tuning interlayer dwell time(IDT) in the wire and arc additive manufacturing(WAAM) process of Mg *** thermal couples were used to monitor the thermal history during the WAAM process. Additionally, the effect of different IDTs on the microstructure characteristics and resultant mechanical properties of WAAM-processed Mg alloy thin-wall were investigated. The results showed that the stable temperature of the thin-wall component could reach 290 ℃ at IDT=0s, indicating that the thermal accumulation effect was remarkable. Consequently, unimodal coarse grains with an average size of 39.6 μm were generated, and the resultant room-temperature tensile property was poor. With the IDT extended to 60s, the thermal input and thermal dissipation reached a balance, and the stable temperature was only 170 ℃, closing to the initial temperature of the substrate. A refined grain structure with bimodal size distribution was obtained. The remelting zone had fine grains with the size of 15.2 μm, while the arc zone owned coarse grains with the size of 24.5 μ*** alternatively distributed coarse and fine grains lead to the elimination of strength-ductility trade-off. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the samples at IDT=60s are increased by 20.6 and 75.0% of those samples at IDT=0s, respectively. The findings will facilitate the development of additive manufacturing processes for advanced Mg alloys.

关键词： Wire arc additive manufacturing Interlayer dwell time Strength-ductility Magnesium alloys

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