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An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Adversarial Examples in Malware Detection

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3535-3563页

作者： younghoon Ban Myeonghyun Kim Haehyun Cho School of Software Soongsil UniversitySeoul06978Korea

Antivirus vendors and the research community employ Machine Learning(ML)or Deep Learning(DL)-based static analysis techniques for efficient identification of new threats,given the continual emergence of novel malware *** the other hand,numerous researchers have reported that Adversarial Examples(AEs),generated by manipulating previously detected malware,can successfully evade ML/DL-based *** antivirus systems,in particular,have been identified as vulnerable to such *** paper firstly focuses on conducting black-box attacks to circumvent ML/DL-based malware *** attack method utilizes seven different perturbations,including Overlay Append,Section Append,and Break Checksum,capitalizing on the ambiguities present in the PE format,as previously employed in evasion attack *** directly applying the perturbation techniques to PE binaries,our attack method eliminates the need to grapple with the problem-feature space dilemma,a persistent challenge in many evasion attack *** a black-box attack,our method can generate AEs that successfully evade both DL-based and ML-based ***,AEs generated by the attack method retain their executability and malicious behavior,eliminating the need for functionality *** thorogh evaluations,we confirmed that the attack method achieves an evasion rate of 65.6%against well-known ML-based malware detectors and can reach a remarkable 99%evasion rate against well-known DL-based malware ***,our AEs demonstrated the capability to bypass detection by 17%of vendors out of the 64 on VirusTotal(VT).In addition,we propose a defensive approach that utilizes Trend Locality Sensitive Hashing(TLSH)to construct a similarity-based defense *** several experiments on the approach,we verified that our defense model can effectively counter AEs generated by the perturbation *** conclusion,our defense model alleviates the limitation of the mos

关键词： Malware classification machine learning adversarial examples evasion attack cybersecurity

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A Review on Soft Ionic Touch Point Sensors

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 193-208页

作者： Lee, Gibeom Lee, Donghyun Im, Gwang-Bum Lee, younghoon Gachon Univ Dept Mech Engn 1342 Seongnamdaero Seongnam 13120 South Korea Harvard Med Sch Dept Surg Boston MA 02115 USA

A touch sensor is an essential component in meeting the growing demand for human-machine interfaces. These sensors have been developed in wearable, attachable, and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of information from humans. To be applied to the human body, sensors are required to be biocompatible and not restrict the natural movement of the body. Ionic materials are a promising candidate for soft touch sensors due to their outstanding properties, which include high stretchability, transparency, ionic conductivity, and biocompatibility. Here, this review discusses the unique features of soft ionic touch point sensors, focusing on the ionic material and its key role in the sensor. The touch sensing mechanisms include piezocapacitive, piezoresistive, surface capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric and triboresistive sensing. This review analyzes the implementation hurdles and future research directions of the soft ionic touch sensors for their transformative potential. This paper introduces the increasing importance of touch sensors in human-machine interfaces and the role of soft ionic materials in enhancing the functionality of touch sensors. It provides detailed explanations of various touch sensor mechanisms, including piezocapacitive, piezoresistive, surface capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and triboresistive. It also discusses the challenges of minimizing humidity sensitivity, improving resilience, and suppressing unwanted electrochemical reactions, along with future directions for touch sensors. image

关键词： iontronics ionic materials soft materials touch sensors TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATORS BRAIN-TISSUE TRANSPARENT HYDROGEL STRENGTH

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Analysis of Uncontrollable Variables to the Performance of Predefined Tasks

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2012年第12期5卷 140-143页

作者： Eunghyun Lee Jinwoo Lee Jungwan Hong younghoon ko Yongjin Kwon Sang C. Park Jonghoon Lee Miseon Yi Agency for Defense Development South Korea Department of Industrial Engineering Ajou University Suwon South Korea

The aim of this research was to investigate the impacts of changing environmental factors on pilots by implementing the effective flight procedure that we found from the previous research. During the experiments, camcorders were used to monitor and analyze the tasks and physical exhaustion of the pilot. NASA-TLX was also used to collect the data of the workload. Through this experiment, we were able to approach the experiment from a different angle regarding the optimal assigned work of the pilot, unlike the previous studies. Also, we were able to find out the impacts of environmental factors on the pilot’s workload.

关键词： Helicopter mission Task performance time task workload Armed Helicopter

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Infrared-harvesting colloidal quantum dot inks for efficient photovoltaics: Impact of surface chemistry and device engineering

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第16期147卷 224-240页

作者： younghoon Kim Min-Jae Choi Jongmin Choi Department of Chemistry Kookmin UniversitySeoul02707Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Dongguk UniversitySeoul04620Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea

Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are promising semiconducting materials,which can be used as a photoactive layer in various optoelectronic applications,because of their size-tunable bandgap energy,solution processability,and excellent optical and optoelectronic *** particular,these features have generated great interest in the development of CQD solar cells and led to a rapid increase in their power conversion *** improvements were enabled by many innovative approaches in terms of CQD’s surface chemistry and device architecture *** this review,a critical overview of the research progress in CQD solar cells is presented with a focus on the strategies adopted for achieving record efficiency in CQD solar *** strategies include the use of organic/inorganic surface ligands,pre-and post-treatment of CQDs,and solid-state/solution-phase ligand ***,we provide an understanding of the research history to inspire the rational design of next-generation CQD optoelectronic devices,such as solar cells,light-emitting diodes,and *** research on the development of infrared CQD solar cells as complementary platforms to other solar cell technologies is also critically discussed to provide another perspective on CQD technologies.

关键词： Quantum dot Lead sulfide Ligand exchange Colloidal ink Infrared light Solar cell

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High-Performance Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells Enabled by Incorporation with Dimensionally Engineered Organic Semiconductor

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 272-285页

作者： Seyeong Lim Dae Hwan Lee Hyuntae Choi Yelim Choi Dong Geon Lee Sung Beom Cho Seonkyung ko Jongmin Choi younghoon Kim Taiho Park Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Center of Materials Digitalization Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology(KICET)Jinju 52851Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Kookmin UniversitySeoul 02707Republic of Korea

Perovskite quantum dots(PQDs)have been considered promising and effective photovoltaic absorber due to their superior optoelectronic properties and inherent material merits combining perovskites and ***,they exhibit low moisture stability at room humidity(20-30%)owing to many surface defect sites generated by inefficient ligand exchange *** surface traps must be re-passivated to improve both charge transport ability and moisture *** address this issue,PQD-organic semiconductor hybrid solar cells with suitable electrical properties and functional groups might dramatically improve the charge extraction and defect *** organic semiconductors are typically low-dimensional(1D and 2D)and prone to excessive self-aggregation,which limits chemical interaction with *** this work,we designed a new 3D star-shaped semiconducting material(Star-TrCN)to enhance the compatibility with *** robust bonding with Star-TrCN and PQDs is demonstrated by theoretical modeling and experimental *** Star-TrCN-PQD hybrid films show improved cubic-phase stability of CsPbI_(3)-PQDs via reduced surface trap states and suppressed moisture *** a result,the resultant devices not only achieve remarkable device stability over 1000 h at 20-30%relative humidity,but also boost power conversion efficiency up to 16.0%via forming a cascade energy band structure.

关键词： CsPbI3 quantum dots Star-shaped organic semiconductors Hybrid perovskite quantum dots Solar cell stability High-efficiency photovoltaics

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Monitored anesthesia care for craniotomy in a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第27期10卷 9859-9864页

作者： Hyun-Su Ri younghoon Jeon Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41944South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine School of DentistryKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41944South Korea

BACKGROUND Eisenmenger syndrome(ES)is an uncorrected congenital cardiac defect with a left-to-right shunt,leading to pulmonary arterial *** with ES are susceptible to hemodynamic alterations during noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia,which increases perioperative morbidity and *** anesthesia care(MAC)is often used during minor procedures in patients with cardiac ***,few reports on MAC in patients with ES *** SUMMARY A 49-year-old man was admitted for a severe headache lasting 30 *** had been diagnosed with a large perimembranous ventricular septal defect(VSD)with bidirectional shunt flow and pulmonary arterial hypertension 10 years ago.A round mass in the right frontal lobe was revealed by Magnetic resonance *** aspiration using a neuronavigation system was performed under *** patient was stayed in the hospital for 5 d,and discharged without *** MAC may be effective for craniotomy in patients with ES.

关键词： Eisenmenger syndrome Pulmonary hypertension Sedation Anesthesia Craniotomy Case report

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Augmenting Android Malware Using Conditional Variational Autoencoder for the Malware Family Classification

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第8期46卷 2215-2230页

作者： younghoon Ban Jeong Hyun Yi Haehyun Cho Soongsil University Seoul06978Korea

Android malware has evolved in various forms such as adware that continuously exposes advertisements,banking malware designed to access users’online banking accounts,and Short Message Service(SMS)malware that uses a Command&Control(C&C)server to send malicious SMS,intercept SMS,and steal *** using many malicious strategies,the number of malware is steadily *** Android malware threats numerous users,and thus,it is necessary to detect malware quickly and *** malware has distinguishable characteristics based on its ***,security researchers have tried to categorize malware based on their behaviors by conducting the familial analysis which can help analysists to reduce the time and cost for analyzing ***,those studies algorithms typically used imbalanced,well-labeled open-source dataset,and thus,it is very difficult to classify some malware families which only have a few number of *** overcome this challenge,previous data augmentation studies augmented data by visualizing malicious codes and used them for malware ***,visualization of malware can result in misclassifications because the behavior information of the malware could be *** this study,we propose an android malware familial analysis system based on a data augmentation method that preserves malware behaviors to create an effective multi-class classifier for malware family *** this end,we analyze malware and use Application Programming Interface(APIs)and permissions that can reflect the behavior of malware as *** using these features,we augment malware dataset to enable effective malware detection while preserving original malicious *** evaluation results demonstrate that,when a model is created by using only the augmented data,a macro-F1 score of 0.65 and accuracy of 0.63%.On the other hand,when the augmented data and original malware are used together,the evaluation results show that a macro-F1 sc

关键词： Android data augmentation artificial intelligence cybersecurity

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High risk for obstructive sleep apnea and risk of hypertension in military personnel: The CHIEF sleep study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第30期11卷 7309-7317页

作者： Wei-Nung Liu ko-Huan Lin Kun-Zhe Tsai Chen-Chih Chu Yun-Chen Chang younghoon Kwon Gen-Min Lin Department of Medicine Tri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114TaiwanChina Department of Psychiatry Hualien Tzu Chi HospitalHualien City 970TaiwanChina Department of Stomatology of Periodontology Mackay Memorial HospitalTaipei 104TaiwanChina School of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing China Medical UniversityTaichung 406TaiwanChina Department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattle98104-2499United States Department of Medicine Hualien Armed Forces General HospitalHualien City 970TaiwanChina

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have revealed an association between obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and hypertension in the general population,while the association in military personnel was rarely *** To examine the association between high risk for OSA and hypertension by phenotypes in military young *** A total of 746 military personnel,aged 27.9 years,were included in the cardiorespiratory fitness and health in armed forces(CHIEF)-sleep study in Taiwan in *** medications were not used by the *** risk for OSA was assessed using the Berlin *** was defined using the 7th Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention,Detection,Evaluation,and Treatment of High Blood Pressure(JNC 7)and the 2017 American College of Cardiology(ACC)/American Heart Association(AHA)*** cutoff levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure(SBP and DBP)for the 2017 ACC/AHA-and JNC 7-based guidelines were 130/140 mmHg and 80/90 mmHg,*** phenotypes included isolated systolic and diastolic hypertension(ISH,high SBP only and IDH,high DBP only)and combined hypertension(both high SBP and DBP).Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for demographics,lifestyle and metabolic *** The prevalence of high risk for OSA,JNC 7-based hypertension and 2017 ACC/AHA-based hypertension were 8.0%,5.2%and 22.0%,*** with a high risk for OSA had a higher probability of JNC 7-based overall and combined hypertension(odds ratios(ORs))and 95%confidence intervals:2.82(1.07-7.42)and 7.54(1.10-51.54),although the probabilities of ISH and IDH were unaffected by a high risk for OSA(ORs:1.96 and 2.35,respectively,both P>0.05).In contrast,no associations for any hypertension phenotypes were found according to the 2017 ACC/AHA *** A high risk for OSA was associated with severe hypertension and combined hypertension among Asian military young adults.

关键词： Asian young adults Berlin questionnaire Hypertension phenotypes Military Sleep apnea

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A case of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with Crohn’s disease:dilemma in management

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第2期4卷 154-157,I0003页

作者： younghoon Kwon Ryan J koene Yeilim Cho St.Joseph’s Hospital HealthEast Care SystemSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA Department of Medicine University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is known to increase the risk of venous *** venous sinus thrombosis(CVST)is a rare but important complication of *** diagnosis,particularly in younger patients,requires a high level of suspicion in order to prevent potentially devastating complications such as hemorrhage or venous *** paper presents a 44-year-old Caucasian woman with a previous history of Crohn’s disease and deep venous *** resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of *** therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin was difficult,due to presumed pharmacological interaction between warfarin and *** should have a high index of suspicion for CVST when a patient with Crohn’s disease presents with acute headache,and be aware of challenges related to medical management.

关键词： cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Crohn’s disease anticoagulation mercaptopurine warfarin

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Vitisin B inhibits influenza A virus replication by multi-targeting neuraminidase and virusinduced oxidative stress

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第1期13卷 174-191页

作者： Eun-Bin Kwon Wei Li Young Soo Kim Buyun Kim Hwan-Suck Chung younghoon Go Hyun-Jeong ko Jae-Hyoung Song Young Ho Kim Chun Whan Choi Jang-Gi Choi korean Medicine(KM)Application Center Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaegu 41062Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Natural Product Research Team BiocenterGyeonggido Business and Science AcceleratorGyeonggi-Do 16229Republic of Korea Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology College of PharmacyKangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Republic of Korea

The development of drug-resistant influenza and new pathogenic virus strains underscores the need for antiviral ***,neuraminidase(NA)inhibitors are commonly used antiviral drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for the prevention and treatment of ***,we show that vitisin B(VB)inhibits NA activity and suppresses H1N1 viral replication in MDCK and A549 *** oxygen species(ROS),which frequently occur during viral infection,increase virus replication by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway,downmodulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)expression,and decreasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2)antioxidant response *** decreased virus-induced ROS generation by increasing G6PD expression and Nrf2 activity,and inhibiting NF-κB translocation to the nucleus through IKK *** addition,VB reduced body weight loss,increased survival,decreased viral replication and the inflammatory response in the lungs of influenza A virus(IAV)-infected *** together,our results indicate that VB is a promising therapeutic candidate against IAV infection,complements existing drug limitations targeting viral *** modulated the intracellular ROS by G6PD,Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway,and NF-κB signaling *** results demonstrate the feasibility of a multi-targeting drug strategy,providing new approaches for drug discovery against IAV infection.

关键词： Influenza Vitisin B Vitis vinifera L. Neuraminidase Reactive oxygen species NF-κB Multi-targeting Nrf2 G6PD

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