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Study of the Constraints of Millet Production (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) and the Peasant Perception of Biological Control in the Tahoua Region

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-14页

作者： Rabé Mahamane Moctar Hama Oumarou issaka Rabo Salissou abdoulaye Amoustapha Soumaila Bakoye Nouhou Ousmane Baoua Ibrahim Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Djibo Hamani University of Tahoua Tahoua Niger NGO Sahel Bio of Maradi Maradi Niger Faculty of Agronomy and Environnemental Science DanDicko DanKoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger

Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is the Sahelian crop par excellence due to its adaptation to the particular production conditions in this region. Unfortunately, in recent years this crop has been threatened by very strong parasitic pressure and drought during the production period. The objective of this study is to analyze the main constraints of millet production and the solutions known to producers. A survey was carried out in November 2022 with a sample of 298 producers in five municipalities in the Tahoua region. The main constraints are drought and pressure from crop pests (locust, millet ear miner, floricultural insects) according to 57.9% of respondents. The millet ear miner is the most formidable pest according to 55% of respondents. Thus, the average yield obtained in a year of good production without the leafminer is 194 kg/ha and that obtained in a year of millet ear leafminer is around 27 kg to 43 kg/ha depending on the municipality. The yield obtained this last campaign after the attack of this leafminer varies from 64 to 77 kg/ha depending on the municipalities compared to a potential yield of over 1000 kg/ha. More than half of producers (58.1%) are unaware of the existence of biological control compared to only 12.5% who are aware of this alternative method. Work to popularize this technology is necessary in the five municipalities and the entire region in general.

关键词： Biological Control Ear Miner Millet

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Study on the Safety and Prevention Technology of Coal Mining under the River in Xingyuan Coal Mine

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第3期14卷 339-402页

作者： abdoulaye Sylla Wenbing Guo School of Energy Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China

Coal mining-induced surface subsidence poses significant ecological and infrastructural challenges, necessitating a comprehensive study to ensure safe mining practices, particularly in underwater conditions. This project aims to address the extensive impact of coal mining on the environment, infrastructure, and overall safety, focusing on the Shigong River area above the working face. The study employs qualitative and quantitative analyses, along with on-site engineering measurements, to gather data on crucial parameters such as coal seam characteristics, roof rock lithology, thickness, water resistance, and structural damage degree. The research encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, involving mining, geology, hydrogeology, geophysical exploration, rock mechanics, mine surveying, and computational mathematics. The importance of effective safety measures and prevention techniques is emphasized, laying the foundation for research focused on the Xingyun coal mine. The brief concludes by highlighting the potential economic and social benefits of this project and its contribution to valuable experience for future subsea coal mining.

关键词： Coal Mining-Induced Surface Subsidence Ecological and Infrastructural Challenges Safe Mining Practices Underwater Conditions Multidisciplinary Approach Safety Measures Prevention Techniques

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Performance Evaluation of Two Series Vertical Flow Filters for Wastewater Treatment: A Case Study of the Prototype Installed at Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2024年第1期14卷 14-32页

作者： Abdou Khafor Ndiaye Falilou Coundoul abdoulaye Deme Antonina Torrens Armengol abdoulaye Senghor UFR of Applied Sciences and Technology Gaston Berger University of Senegal Saint-Louis Senegal Polytechnic Institute of Saint-Louis (IPSL) Gaston Berger University of Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Senegal UFR of Applied Sciences and Technology Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Biology Healthcare and Environment Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain Sanitation Department Ministry in Charge of Sanitation of Senegal Dakar Senegal

This paper evaluates the efficacy of two sequential vertical flow filters (VFF), FV1 and FV2, implanted with Typha, in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment system. FV1 comprises three cells (FV1a, FV1b, and FV1c), while FV2 consists of two cells (FV2a and FV2b), each designed to reduce various physicochemical and microbiological pollutants from wastewater. Quantitative analyses show significant reductions in electrical conductivity (from 1331 to 1061 μS/cm), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 from 655.6 to 2.3 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD from 1240 to 82.2 mg/L), total nitrogen (from 188 to 37.3 mg/L), and phosphates (from 70.9 to 14.6 mg/L). Notably, FV2 outperforms FV1, particularly in decreasing dissolved salts and BOD5 to remarkably low levels. Microbiological assessments reveal a substantial reduction in fecal coliforms, from an initial concentration of 7.5 log CFU/100mL to 3.7 log CFU/100mL, and a complete elimination of helminth eggs, achieving a 100% reduction rate in FV2. The study highlights the impact of design parameters, such as filter material, media depth, and plant species selection, on treatment outcomes. The findings suggest that the judicious choice of these components is critical for optimizing pollutant removal. For instance, different filtration materials show varying efficacies, with silex plus river gravel in FV1c achieving superior pollutant reduction rates. In conclusion, VFFs emerge as a promising solution for wastewater treatment, underscoring the importance of design optimization to enhance system efficiency. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of treatment practices are imperative to ensure water quality, allowing for safe environmental discharge or water reuse. The research advocates for ongoing improvements in wastewater treatment technologies, considering the environmental challenges of the current era. The study concludes with a call for further research to maximize the effectiveness of VFFs in water management.

关键词： Phytoremediation Phytopurification Plant-Based Purifier Wastewater Treat-ment Vertical Flow Filters Pollutant Reduction Typha Physicochemical Analysis Microbial Removal

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Performance of a Horizontal Flow Constructed Reed Bed Filter for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: The Case Study of the Prototype Installed at Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal

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Natural Resources 2024年第1期15卷 1-16页

作者： Abdou Khafor Ndiaye Falilou Coundoul abdoulaye Deme Antonina Torrens Armengol abdoulaye Senghor UFR of Applied Sciences and Technology Gaston Berger University of Senegal Saint-Louis Senegal Polytechnic Institute of Saint-Louis (IPSL) Gaston Berger University of Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Biology Healthcare and Environment Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain Sanitation Department Ministry in Charge of Sanitation Dakar Senegal

In Saint-Louis, Senegal, a constructed wetland with horizontal flow reed beds (FHa and FHb) has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating municipal wastewater. Analyzing various treatment stages, the system showed only a slight temperature variation, from an influent average of 26.3°C to an effluent of 24.7°C. Electrical conductivity decreased from 1331 mS/cm to 974.5 mS/cm post-primary treatment, with suspended solids (SS) dramatically reduced from 718.9 mg/L to 5.7 mg/L in the final effluent. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) saw a notable decrease, from initial levels of 655.6 mg/L and 1240 mg/L to 2.3 mg/L and 71.3 mg/L, respectively. Nitrogenous compounds (N-TN) and phosphates () also decreased significantly, indicating the system’s nutrient removal capacity. Microbiological analysis revealed a reduction in fecal coliforms from 7.5 Ulog/100ml to 1.8 Ulog/100ml and a complete elimination of helminth eggs. The presence of Phragmites and Typha was instrumental in enhancing these reductions. The system’s compliance with the Senegalese standards for disposal into natural environments, WHO recommendations for unrestricted water reuse in irrigation, and the European legislation for water reuse was established. The effluent quality met the stringent criteria for various classes of agricultural reuse, illustrating the system’s potential for sustainable water management. This wetland model presents a robust solution for water-stressed regions, ensuring environmental protection while supporting agricultural needs. The study calls for ongoing research to further refine the system for optimal, reliable wastewater treatment and water resource sustainability.

关键词： Constructed Wetlands Horizontal Flow Reed Beds Wastewater Treatment Phragmites and Typha Plants Physicochemical Pollutant Removal Microbiological Indicators Fecal Coliforms and Helminth Eggs Water Quality Improvement Senegal Water Reuse Standards Sustainable Water Management Agricultural Irrigation Reuse Nutrient Removal Efficiency Environmental Engineering Ecological Sanitation Systems

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Fruit Powder of Tetrapleura tetraptera in Local Feed on Some Zootechnical Performances of Juveniles of Clarias gariepinus in Concrete Tank

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 56-69页

作者： Ngouana Tadjong Ruben abdoulaye abdoulaye Kana Jean Raphaël Téguia Alexis Laboratory of Aquaculture and Demography of Fisheries Resources Aquaculture Department Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Science of Yabassi University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

This study focused on the supplementation of four-sided spice fruit powder (Tetrapleura tetraptera) on some zootechnical performances of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus and was carried out from February 14 to July 20 at the Massoma Fish Farm of Bojongo Mbeidi located in the Littoral Region, Department of Wouri, Douala IV district. The farm benefits from a climate favorable to aquaculture activity. For this purpose, five (5) treatments were tested including T0+ (imported feed), T0-, T0.3, T0.4, and T0.5 respectively for the treatments with 0% supplemented food;0.3%;0.4% and 0.5% of Tetrapleura tetraptera powder. A total of 450 Clarias gariepinus fry with an initial average weight of 7 ± 1.5 g, were distributed in happas of 0.49 m2 each placed in Triplicate in a completely randomized device. Four isoprotein foods with 38% crude protein were formulated to feed these fry at 7% of their biomass per day for 15 days then to their fullness until the end of the experiment. Intermediate fishing was carried out every fortnight. 75 days later, the results recorded show that the highest average survival rate (96.44% ± 3.5%) was recorded with the subjects fed feed supplemented with 0.4% T. tetraptera powder. The average weight (120.93 ± 67.20), weight gain (113.93 ± 67.20), specific growth rate (3.64 ± 0.79% g/d) and total lengths and standard (26.43 ± 1.9 and 23.66 ± 1.76) the highest were recorded with the T0+ treatment (imported feed). The highest conditioning factor K (2.14 ± 0.15) was recorded with the treatment supplemented with 0.4% T. tetraptera. The lowest conversion ratio (1.28) was recorded with the treatment fed with imported blue crown food (T0+). Furthermore, the lowest production cost was recorded with the treatment supplemented with 0.4% T. tetraptera. It appears from this study that the juveniles of C. gariepinus better value the feed substituted with 0.4% of the powder of fou

关键词： Tetrapleura tetraptera Local Feed Zootechnical Performance Juvenile of Clarias gariepinus

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Ecological Wastewater Treatment System in a School Environment Using a Horizontal Flow Biological Reactor: The Case of Typha

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第1期15卷 1-12页

作者： Falilou Coundoul Abdou Khafor Ndiaye abdoulaye Deme Institut Polytechnique de Saint-Louis (IPSL) Universit&eacute Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Saint-Louis S&eacuten&eacutegal UFR de Sciences Appliqué es et de Technologie Universit&eacute Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Saint-Louis S&eacuten&eacutegal

The overarching goal of this study is to offer an effective and sustainable solution to the challenges of sanitation in rural and school settings in the northern region of Senegal. The study explores a wastewater treatment approach based on phytoremediation, with a particular focus on the use of horizontally-flowing reed bed filters. Furthermore, it aims to adapt and optimize these systems for the specific needs of Senegal, focusing on wastewater in school environments. Thus, we constructed a horizontally-flowing reed bed filter, planted with Typha, at the Ndiébène Gandiol school in Senegal. We will investigate the efficiency of wastewater treatment by this horizontally-flowing reed bed filter, emphasizing the role of the plant used: Typha. The filter is described in detail, specifying its dimensions, its composition of flint gravel, and the choice of plants, namely Typha. The experimental protocol is detailed, describing the sampling at the entrance and exit of the filter to evaluate water quality. The parameters analyzed include Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand over 5 days (BOD5), suspended solids, ammonium, nitrates, phosphates, pH, conductivity, and fecal coliforms. The results indicate a significant improvement in water quality after treatment. COD, BOD5, suspended solids, and fecal coliforms are greatly reduced, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the Typha filter. However, nitrate concentrations remain relatively stable, suggesting room for improvement in their elimination. A perspective of reuse of the treated water is considered, showing that the effluents from the planted filter meet Senegalese and international standards for irrigation. The findings suggest that these waters could be used for a variety of crops, thereby reducing the pressure on freshwater resources. In conclusion, the Typha-based filtration system shows promising results for improving water quality in this region of Senegal. However, adjustments are necessary for mor

关键词： Hydraulic Engineering Wastewater Quality Wastewater Treatment Agricultural Irrigation Sanitation Engineering Environment

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Characterization of Wastewater in School Environments for an Ecological Treatment Solution: A Case Study of Ndiebene Gandiol 1 School

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第1期16卷 27-40页

作者： Falilou Coundoul Abdou Khafor Ndiaye abdoulaye Deme Polytechnic Institute of Saint-Louis Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Sénégal Applied Sciences and Technologies Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Sénégal

The study conducted at Ndiebene Gandiol 1 school in Senegal has unveiled serious environmental and public health challenges. The wastewater analysis revealed high levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and fecal coliforms, signaling potential risks to the well-being of students and staff. This situation mirrors a wider issue in rural educational settings, where inadequate sanitation persists. Intensive wastewater treatment options are known for their effectiveness against high pollutant loads but are resource-intensive in both energy and cost. Conversely, extensive treatment systems, while requiring more land, provide a sustainable alternative by harnessing natural processes for pollutant removal. The research suggests a hybrid treatment approach could serve the school’s needs, balancing the robust capabilities of intensive methods with the ecological benefits of extensive systems. Such a solution would need to be tailored to the specific environmental, financial, and logistical context of the school, based on comprehensive feasibility studies and stakeholder engagement. This study’s findings underscore the urgency of addressing sanitation in schools, as it is intrinsically linked to the health and academic success of students. Quick, effective, and long-term strategies are vital to secure a healthier and more prosperous future for the youth. With proper implementation, the school can transform its sanitation facilities, setting a precedent for rural educational institutions in Senegal and similar contexts globally.

关键词： Wastewater Characterization Ecological Treatment School Sanitation Phytoremediation Rural Infrastructure Environmental Health

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Use of Agroecological Techniques by Smallholder Farmers to Improve Sorghum Productivity in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2018年第8期8卷 499-506页

作者： Zomboudré Georges youma issaka abdoulaye Batta Fatou Kaboré Roger Bourgou Tsuamba Gubbels Peter Department of Natural Resource Management Institute for Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04 Burkina Faso Institute for Environment Science and Rural Development (ISEDR) University of Dédougou BP 176 Dédougou Burkina Faso Groundswell International PO Box 2257 Asheville NC 28802 USA Association Minim Song Panga (AMSP) BP 268 Kaya Burkina Faso Association Nourrir Sans Détruire (ANSD) 09 BP 1670 Ouagadougou 09 Burkina Faso

The prevailing farming system in Burkina Faso is smallholder agriculture based on cereal production, especially sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) which form the staple diet for the population. Production is constantly challenged by climate hazards, striga (Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth.) infestation, inefficient farming practices and declining soil fertility. To address these concerns, one study on several agroecological techniques was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in a participative manner with more than 150 male and female farmers from four communities. Each farmer was asked to test out two or three agroecological techniques of his choice and to measure these new techniques against their usual farming practices. These techniques combined the use of organic fertilizer (5 t/ha) and/or mineral fertilizer (2 g/seed hole) with the systems of crop rotation and mixed cropping, in addition to the improved za? technique and the half-moon method. Plant material was composed of local landraces and improved varieties of sorghum, sesame and cowpea. On-farm application of agroecological techniques resulted in significantly increased sorghum production in all four communities. The rates of increase for grain yield were 8% for the half-moon fields and more than 130% for the rotation systems when compared to the farmers’ usual practices. More limited results were achieved with the chemical components of the soil after two years of experimentation. Only the soil’s organic matter showed improvement over the first year. This study shows that crop rotation, mixed cropping and the improved za? technique in combination with compost and improved drought-resistant varieties constitute agroecological strategies favorable to the intensification and diversification of farming systems in the studied locations. The farmers were above all impressed by the on-site management of compost by means of the za? technique which enabled large-scale fertilization of fields.

关键词： Agroecological techniques sorghum yield compost mineral fertilizer crop rotation mixed cropping zai.

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Ecological Wastewater Treatment System Using a Horizontal Flow Biological Reactor: The Case of Vetiver

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第1期15卷 26-38页

作者： Falilou Coundoul Abdou Khafor Ndiaye abdoulaye Deme Polytechnic Institute of Saint-Louis Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis S&eacuten&eacutegal Applied Sciences and Technologies Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Saint-Louis S&eacuten&eacutegal

Confronted with the challenge of wastewater management, particularly in the school environment of Senegal, our study set out to achieve multiple objectives. Following field surveys, laboratory analyses of wastewater samples were carried out, revealing a significant pollutant load. In the community of Gandiol, near Saint-Louis (Senegal), the school of Ndiebene Gandiol 1 faces significant sanitation challenges. Our study aimed to address this issue by using a constructed filter composed of two filtering bed cells measuring 12 × 8.5 m, preceded by a septic tank. We particularly focused on the influence of Vetiver;a plant chosen for its purification potential. Our analyses showed remarkable efficiency of the filter. Elimination rates reached 95% for 5-Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), 91% for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and 92% for SS, far exceeding the Senegalese standards set at 50 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 40 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the concentration of fecal coliforms was reduced to 176 FCU/100mL, well below the Senegalese threshold of 2000 FCU/100mL and close to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendation of 1000 FCU/100mL. However, despite these promising results, some parameters, particularly the concentration of certain pollutants, approached the thresholds defined by European legislation. For example, for Suspended Solids (SS), the post-treatment level of 3 mg/L was well below the Senegalese standard but edged close to the European minimum of 10 mg/L. In conclusion, the Vetiver filter demonstrated a remarkable ability to treat school wastewater, offering high pollutant elimination percentages. These results suggest significant opportunities for the reuse of treated water, potentially in areas such as irrigation, though some adjustments may be necessary to meet the strictest standards such as those of the European union (EU).

关键词： Hydraulic Engineering Wastewater Quality Wastewater Treatment Agricultural Irrigation Sanitation Engineering Environment

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Positivity of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Patterns, Native Anti-DNA and Extractable Nuclear Antigens (ENA) Antibodies: Experience from a Laboratory in Dakar

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 26-36页

作者： Diop Abdou Diallo Thierno abdoulaye Ndiaye Babacar Mahou Chantal Diop Marième Gaye Dubrous Phillippe Seck abdoulaye Medical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Background: Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases (AID) is challenging, due to overlapping features with other non-immune disorders. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) are sensitive screening tests but anti-deoxyribonucleic acid-antibody (anti-DNA), and anti-extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA) are specific for AIDs. We aimed to look at ANA patterns in our patients and correlated them with anti-ENA for proper interpretation and better patient management cost-effectively. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over 1 year from January to December 2022 who were tested for ANA at biology medical laboratory of Pasteur Institute of Dakar. Anti-ENA and anti-DNA results were also analyzed for ANA-positive patients. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14.0, p Results: 216 patients were analyzed. Women predominated at 79.2% and mean age was 48 years [CI 95%, 46 - 50], with extremes of 10 and 89. Most represented age group was [41 - 60] with 38%. ANA was positive in 27 (12.5%) of patients, 59.2% of whom were strongly positive (titer of 1/1000, 1/3200 or 1/6400). The most common pattern was nuclear speckled, which was found in 77.8% of samples. Anti-ENA and anti-DNA positivity in ANA-positive patients was found respectively in 63% (17/27) and 1.4% (3/27) of the samples analyzed. Most commonly identified anti-ENA was anti-Sm 29.6%, anti-SSA 29.6%, anti-Ro-52 25.9%, anti-RNP 18.5% and anti-SSB 14.8% which was associated with speckled pattern. Association results indicated a significant relationship between both tests and between ANA titer in the anti-ENA- and ANA-positive patients (p 0.001). Conclusions: ANA, Anti-ENA and anti-DNA antibodies are essential for AIDS diagnosis. However, the testing repertoire should follow an algorithm comprising of clinical features, followed by ANA results with nuclear, mitotic, and cytoplasmic patterns, anti-ENA, and anti-DNA for a more meaningful, and cost-effective diagnostic approach.

关键词： Antinuclear Antibodies Extractable Nuclear antigen Autoimmune Disease Indirect Immunofluorescence

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