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Evaluation of the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) Microphysics Scheme in Simulations of Stratiform Clouds with Embedded Convection

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第10期40卷 1859-1876页

作者： Tuanjie HOU Baojun CheN hengchi LEI Lei WEI youjiang he Qiujuan FENG Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China CMA Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification Key Laboratory(CPML) CMA Weather Modification CentreBeijing 100081China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Beijing Weather Modification Centre Beijing 100089China Institute of Atmospheric Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Shanxi Artificial Precipitation Enhancement and Lightning Protection Technical Centre Taiyuan 030032China

To evaluate the ability of the Predicted Particle Properties(P3)scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model,we simulated a stratiform rainfall event over northern China on 22 May *** simulations with two P3 versions,P3-nc and P3-2ice,were evaluated against rain gauge,radar,and aircraft observations.A series of sensitivity experiments were conducted with different collection efficiencies between ice and cloud *** comparison of the precipitation evolution between P3-nc and P3-2ice suggested that both P3 versions overpredicted surface precipitation along the Taihang Mountains but underpredicted precipitation in the localized region on the leeward side.P3-2ice had slightly lower peak precipitation rates and smaller total precipitation amounts than P3-nc,which were closer to the observations.P3-2ice also more realistically reproduced the overall reflectivity structures than P3-nc.A comparison of ice concentrations with observations indicated that P3-nc underestimated aggregation,whereas P3-2ice produced more active aggregation from the self-collection of ice and ice-ice collisions between *** aggregation in P3-2ice resulted in lower ice concentrations at heights between 4 and 6 km,which was closer to the *** this case,the total precipitation and precipitation pattern were not sensitive to *** was important in reproducing the location and strength of the embedded convective region through its impact on ice mass flux above the melting level.

关键词： predicted particle properties embedded convection riming aggregation

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石河子市大气NH_(3)污染特征及影响因素研究

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环境工程 2024年第7期42卷 162-170页

作者：何凯杰何友江杨欣程苗苗李富强彭玉杰李斌中国环境科学研究院北京100012 中北大学环境与安全工程学院太原030051 石河子市生态环境局新疆石河子832099

大气氨(NH_(3))对二次气溶胶的形成有重要影响。为研究石河子市大气NH_(3)污染特征,于2020年12月—2021年11月对石河子市NH_(3)浓度进行了连续观测,结合大气NH_(3)排放特征和同期气象因素的变化特征分析了石河子市NH_(3)浓度水平、污染... 详细信息

大气氨(NH_(3))对二次气溶胶的形成有重要影响。为研究石河子市大气NH_(3)污染特征,于2020年12月—2021年11月对石河子市NH_(3)浓度进行了连续观测,结合大气NH_(3)排放特征和同期气象因素的变化特征分析了石河子市NH_(3)浓度水平、污染特征和影响因素。结果表明:石河子市大气ρ(NH_(3))年均为21.0μg/m^(3),ρ(NH_(3))季均分布为20.2~21.7μg/m^(3),季节变化幅度较小。农业源是石河子市大气NH_(3)的主要贡献源;而冬季大气NH_(3)主要来源于工业烟气脱硝过程中的氨逃逸,冬季持续的低边界层高度和低风速致使大气扩散条件转差,不利的扩散条件是冬季NH_(3)浓度累积升高的重要原因。冬季加大对烟气脱硝过程中氨逃逸的治理力度有利于降低石河子市冬季大气NH_(3)浓度。石河子市4个季节大气NH_(3)浓度均表现为白天高夜间低,且NH_(3)浓度在春季和冬季呈单峰日变化特征,峰值分别出现在12:00和16:00;在夏季和秋季呈多峰日变化特征,最大峰值分别出现在11:00和13:00。与国内其他城市相比,石河子市4个季节大气NH_(3)浓度日间峰值出现时间晚1~3 h。随机森林算法对大气NH_(3)浓度影响因素的定量评估表明,4个季节气象因素对NH_(3)浓度的影响分别达到了63.6%、58.8%、73.9%和64.5%,气象因素是大气NH_(3)浓度变化的主要影响因素。

关键词： NH_(3) 污染特征影响因素石河子市

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An overview of emissions of SO2 and NOx and the long-range transport of oxidized sulfur and nitrogen pollutants in East Asia

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第6期28卷 13-25页

作者： Yu Qu Junling An youjiang he Jun Zheng State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China China-ASEAN Environmental Cooperation Center Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijing 100035 China

The long-range transport of oxidized sulfur（sulfur dioxide（SO2） and sulfate） and oxidized nitrogen（nitrogen oxides（NOx ） and nitrate） in East Asia is an area of increasing scientific interest and political concern. This paper reviews various published papers, including ground- and satellite-based observations and numerical simulations. The aim is to assess the status of the anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx and the long-range transport of oxidized S and N pollutants over source and downwind region. China has dominated the emissions of SO2 and NOx in East Asia and urgently needs to strengthen the control of their emissions, especially NOx emissions. Oxidized S and N pollutants emitted from China are transported to Korea and Japan, due to persistent westerly winds, in winter and ***, the total contributions of China to S and N pollutants across Korea and Japan were not found to be dominant over longer time scales（e.g., a year）. The source–receptor relationships for oxidized S and N pollutants in East Asia varied widely among the different studies. This is because：（1） the nonlinear effects of atmospheric chemistry and deposition processes were not well considered, when calculating the source–receptor relationships;（2） different meteorological and emission data inputs and solution schemes for key physical and chemical processes were used; and（3） different temporal and spatial scales were employed. Therefore, simulations using the same input fields and similar model configurations would be of benefit, to further evaluate the source–receptor relationships of the oxidized S and N pollutants.

关键词： Long-range transport Sulfate Nitrate East Asia Source–receptor relationships

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Aerosol effects on ozone concentrations in Beijing:A model sensitivity study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第4期24卷 645-656页

作者： Jun Xu Yuanhang Zhang Shaoqing Zheng youjiang he State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Appraisal Center for Environment ＆ Engineering State Environmental Protection Administration Beijing 100012 China

Most previous O3 simulations were based only on gaseous phase photochemistry. However, some aerosol-related processes, namely, heterogeneous reactions occurring on the aerosol surface and photolysis rate alternated by aerosol radiative influence, may affect O3 photochemistry under high aerosol loads. A three-dimensional air quality model, Models-3/Community Multi-scale Air Quality-Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization, and Dissolution, was employed to simulate the effects of the above-mentioned processes on O3 formation under typical high O3 episodes in Beijing during summer. Five heterogeneous reactions, i.e., NO2, NO3, N2O5, HO2, and O3, were individually investigated to elucidate their effects on O3 formation. The results showed that the heterogeneous reactions significantly affected O3 formation in the urban plume. NO2 heterogeneous reaction increased O3 to 90 ppb, while HO2 heterogeneous reaction decreased O3 to 33 ppb. In addition, O3 heterogeneous loss decreased O3 to 31 ppb. The effects of NO2, NO3, and N2O5 heterogeneous reactions showed opposite O3 concentration changes between the urban and extra-urban areas because of the response of the reactions to the two types of O3 formation regimes. When the aerosol radiative influence was included, the photolysis rate decreased and O3 decreased significantly to 73 ppbO3. The two aerosol-related processes should be considered in the study of O3 formation because high aerosol concentration is a ubiquitous phenomenon that affects the urbanand regional air quality in China.

关键词： aerosol heterogeneous reactions ozone radiative influence

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SO_2 emission cap planning for Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第1期24卷 142-146页

作者： Peng Yi Ning Duan Fahe Chai Yaxuan Xu youjiang he State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The SO 2 emission sources of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone were divided into 556 emissions units according to four different categories,which are city,industry,point sources,and area *** CALPUFF model was used to calculate the contribution of each unit,and consequently obtain an influence-transferring *** ensure that the SO 2 concentrations of 46 cities and counties in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone meet air quality standards,an emission optimization model was developed to calculate optimal emissions of each emission unit under different development *** result showed the optimal emissions of SO 2 by different provinces and *** achieve the target of restricting and optimizing development,corresponding planning programs were developed for every district.

关键词： Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone SO2 emission cap planning optimal distribution.

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Aircraft Measurements of the Microphysical Properties of Stratiform Clouds with Embedded Convection

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第6期38卷 966-982页

作者： Tuanjie HOU hengchi LEI youjiang he Jiefan YANG Zhen ZHAO Zhaoxia HU Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Atmospheric Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The presence of embedded convection in stratiform clouds strongly affects ice microphysical properties and precipitation *** situ aircraft measurements,including upward and downward spirals and horizontal penetrations,were performed within both embedded convective cells and stratiform regions of a mixedphase stratiform cloud system on 22 May *** liquid water measurements,particle size distributions,and particle habits in different cloud regions were discussed with the intent of characterizing the riming process and determining how particle size distributions vary from convective to stratiform *** amounts of supercooled liquid water,with maxima up to 0.6 g m−3,were observed between−3℃ and−6℃ in the embedded convective cells while the peak liquid water content was generally less than 0.1 g m−3 in the stratiform *** are two distinct differences in particle size distributions between convective and stratiform *** difference is the significant shift toward larger particles from upper−15℃ to lower−10℃ in the convective region,with the maximum particle dimensions increasing from less than 6000μm to over 1 *** particles larger than 1 cm at−10℃ are composed of dendrites and their *** other difference is the large concentrations of small particles(25–205μm)at temperatures between−3℃ and−5℃ in the convective region,where rimed ice particles and needles *** regions are observed from three of the five spirals,but only the cloud conditions within the convective region fit into the Hallett-Mossop criteria.

关键词： aircraft measurements liquid water content ice particle habit particle size distributions

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Measurement of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide concentrations during autumn in Beijing, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第2期30卷 72-81页

作者： Qingyu Zhang Jiaoyu Liu youjiang he Jiaying Yang Jian Gao Houfeng Liu Wei Tang Yizhen Chen Wenhao Fan Xuan Chen Fahe Chai Shiro Hatakeyama College of Environmental & Resource Sciences of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Taizhou 317000 China College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis Beijing 100089 China Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo 183-8538 Japan

Gaseous peroxides play important roles in atmospheric chemistry. To understand the pathways of the formation and removal of peroxides, atmospheric peroxide concentrations and their controlling factors were measured from 7：00 to 20：00 in September, October, and November 2013 at a heavily trafficked residential site in Beijing, China, with average concentrations of hydrogen peroxide（H2O2） and methyl hydroperoxide（MHP） at 0.55 ppb and 0.063 ppb, respectively. H2O2 concentrations were higher in the afternoon and lower in the morning and evening, while MHP concentrations did not exhibit a regular diurnal pattern. Both H2O2 and MHP concentrations increased at dusk in most cases. Both peroxides displayed monthly variations with higher concentrations in September. These results suggested that photochemical activity was the main controlling factor on variations of H2O2 concentrations during the measurement period. Increasing concentrations of volatile organic compounds emitted by motor vehicles were important contributors to H2O2 and MHP enrichment. High levels of H2O2 and MHP concentrations which occurred during the measurement period probably resulted from the transport of a polluted air mass with high water vapor content passing over the Bohai Bay, China.

关键词： Peroxide Formation Controlling factor Volatile organic compound Transport of polluted air mass

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Analysis of the origin of peak aerosol optical depth in springtime over the Gulf of Tonkin

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第2期28卷 129-137页

作者： Xiaoli Shan Jun Xu Yixue Li Feng Han Xiaohui Du Jingying Mao Yunbo Chen youjiang he Fan Meng Xuezhi Dai College of Resources and Environment Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271000 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China Environmental Protection Research Institute of Guangxi Nanning 530022 China

By aggregating MODIS（moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer） AOD（aerosol optical depth） and OMI（ozone monitoring instrument） UVAI（ultra violet aerosol index）datasets over 2010–2014, it was found that peak aerosol loading in seasonal variation occurred annually in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin（17–23°N, 105–110°E）. The vertical structure of the aerosol extinction coefficient retrieved from the spaceborne lidar CALIOP（cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization） showed that the springtime peak AOD could be attributed to an abrupt increase in aerosol loading between altitudes of 2 and 5 *** contrast, aerosol loading in the low atmosphere（below 1 km） was only half of that in winter. Wind fields in the low and high atmosphere exhibited opposite transportation patterns in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin, implying different sources for each level. By comparing the emission inventory of anthropogenic sources with biomass burning, and analyzing the seasonal variation of the vertical structure of aerosols over the Northern Indo-China Peninsula（NIC）, it was concluded that biomass burning emissions contributed to high aerosol loading in spring. The relatively high topography and the high surface temperature in spring made planetary boundary layer height greater than 3 km over NIC. In addition, small-scale cumulus convection frequently occurred, facilitating pollutant rising to over 3 km, which was a height favoring long-range transport. Thus, pollutants emitted from biomass burning over NIC in spring were raised to the high atmosphere, then experienced long-range transport, leading to the increase in aerosol loading at high altitudes over the Gulf of Tonkin during spring.

关键词： Gulf of Tonkin Aerosol optical depth Aerosol vertical structure Biomass burning Transportation

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Honeycomb-like biochar framework coupled with Fe_(3)O_(4)/FeS nanoparticles as efficient heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for phenol degradation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 390-399页

作者： Aihua Cheng Yi he Xiaohe Liu Chi he Department of Environmental Engineering College of Geology and EnvironmentXi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China

Achieving an efficient and stable heterogeneous Fenton reaction over a wide pH range is of great significance for wastewater ***,a pollen-derived biochar catalyst with a unique honeycomb-like structure,coupled with the dispersion of magnetic Fe_(3)O_(4)/FeS(Fe/S)nanoparticles,was synthesized by simple impregnation precursor,followed by *** prepared Fe/S-biochar catalyst demonstrated outstanding phenol degradation efficiency across a wide pH range,with 98%of which eliminated even under neutral conditions(pH 7.0).The high catalytic activity was due to the multilevel porous structure of pollenderived biochar provided enough active sites and allowed for better electron transfer,then increases oxidation ability to promote the ***,the acid microenvironment formed by SO_(4)^(2-)group from Fe/S composite extended the pH range for Fenton reaction,and S^(2-)facilitated the conversion of≡Fe^(3+)to≡Fe^(2+),resulting in remarkable degradation ***,biochar can effectively promote cycling stability by limiting Fe *** work may provide a general strategy for designing 3D framework biochar-based Fe/S catalysts with excellent performance for heterogeneous Fenton reactions.

关键词： Biomass Biochar Fenton reaction Fe_(3)O_(4)/FeS(Fe/S) Phenol degradation

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天山北坡典型工业城市冬季大气铵盐污染特征及其赋存形式

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环境科学研究 2023年第5期36卷 887-894页

作者：何凯杰李刚程苗苗李维军杨小阳李斌何友江中北大学山西太原030051 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室北京100012 石河子市生态环境监测站新疆石河子832099

天山北坡是重污染天气消除攻坚战的重点区域,为了解该区域冬季大气重污染期间NH_(4)^(+)污染特征及其对PM_(2.5)浓度的贡献,2020年12月—2021年1月在该区域典型工业城市石河子市城区对气态NH_(3)和PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子的浓度进行了连... 详细信息

天山北坡是重污染天气消除攻坚战的重点区域,为了解该区域冬季大气重污染期间NH_(4)^(+)污染特征及其对PM_(2.5)浓度的贡献,2020年12月—2021年1月在该区域典型工业城市石河子市城区对气态NH_(3)和PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子的浓度进行了连续监测,分析了不同空气质量等级下PM_(2.5)中NH_(4)^(+)浓度和NH_(3)-NH_(4)^(+)气固转化率的变化以及NH_(4)^(+)的赋存形式.结果表明:(1)监测期间,石河子市大气PM_(2.5)、NH_(4)^(+)和其他阳离子的平均浓度分别为164、25.3和3.60μg/m^(3),NH_(4)^(+)浓度是其他阳离子总浓度的7.0倍;NH_(4)^(+)浓度在PM_(2.5)浓度中的占比为15.4%,仅次于SO_(4)^(2-)和NO_(3)^(-).NH_(4)^(+)和其他阳离子浓度均随污染加重逐渐升高,但NH_(4)^(+)浓度的增幅远大于其他阳离子.(2)随着污染加重,NH_(3)-NH_(4)^(+)气固转化率逐渐升高,其在优良天、轻度和中度污染天、重度及以上污染天分别为0.23、0.51、0.69.整体上,NH_(3)-NH_(4)^(+)气固转化率与PM_(2.5)和NH_(4)^(+)浓度均呈显著正相关,与气态NH_(3)浓度和大气温度均呈负相关.(3)石河子市冬季大气NH_(4)^(+)充足,主要以(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)的形式赋存,剩余NH_(4)^(+)以NH_(4)NO_(3)和NH_(4)Cl的形式赋存.研究显示,天山北坡区域冬季大气重污染期间NH_(3)-NH_(4)^(+)气固转化率和NH_(4)^(+)浓度均显著升高,大气污染防治工作在关注SO_(2)和NO_(x)污染控制的同时,也需要加强对NH3的污染治理.

关键词：石河子市 PM_(2.5) NH_(4)^(+) 污染特征 NH_(3)-NH_(4)^(+)气固转化率赋存形式

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