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Development of unilateral obstacle-avoiding mower for Y-trellis pear orchard

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第1期15卷 71-78页

作者： Xiaohui Lei Yannan Qi Jin Zeng Quanchun Yuan youhong chang Xiaolan Lyu Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Protected Agriculture Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze RiverMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China Institute of Pomology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing 210014China

To solve the problem of weeding under Y-trellis pear orchards,a unilateral obstacle-avoiding mower(UOAM)was developed in this *** mower is composed of an obstacle-avoiding disc mechanism,a hydraulic profiling mechanism,and a cutting disc *** diameter of the obstacle-avoiding disc was 0.7 m,which could swing around the trunk or ground pile actuated by the spring *** piston movement of the hydraulic cylinder controls the working position of the obstacle-avoiding *** maximum extension distance of the hydraulic profiling arm was 1 *** on the national standards and actual situation of orchards,the optimum parameters were determined with a combination of advancing speed of 0.44 m/s,rotation speed of the cutting disc at 2000 r/min,blade number of 2,and cutting edge length of 0.2 ***,the design parameters were verified by the mathematical model of the blade cutting edge trajectory and multi-body dynamics *** stubble cutting stability,leakage rate,working efficiency and costs as the test indexes,field performance comparison tests were carried out on the three operation modes of UOAM mowing,shoulder carrying mower(SCM)mowing and manual *** results showed that the coefficient variation of stubble cutting height of UOAM was the smallest,showing that the working stability of UOAM was better than the other two *** leakage rate of UOAM was 2.42%,and its coefficient variation was lower than that of *** working efficiency of UOAM was much higher than that of SCM and manual weeding,which was 4.44 times of SCM and 20 times of manual *** profitable area of UOAM was 7.02 hm^(2),showing that it was suitable for large-scale mechanized Y-trellis pear orchards.

关键词： unilateral obstacle-avoiding mower Y-trellis pear orchard movement trajectory working performance

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Performance evaluation of mechanical blossom thinning in trunk type pear orchard

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第4期14卷 106-112页

作者： Xiaohui Lei Xiaolan Lyu Meina Zhang Daipeng Lu Shilin Wang youhong chang Dexin Zhong Tianbing Shen Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Protected Agriculture Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze RiverMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China Pubei Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station Qinzhou 535300GuangxiChina Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center Tianjin 300061China

In order to yield a marketable product,hand fruit thinning(HFT)has become the major but costly management practice in modern pear *** kinds of new blossom thinners for pear blossom thinning were developed,which are tractor-mounted three arms blossom thinner(TTBT)and hand-held electric blossom thinner(HEBT).Four treatments for 24 trunk type‘Cuiguan’pear trees(7 years)were *** are TTBT combined with HFT,HEBT combined with HFT,hand blossom thinning(HBT)combined with HFT,and HFT *** trees were divided into 4 groups *** indexes were used to evaluate the test:flower reserve rate,fruit set rate,work efficiency and cost,fruit yield,and *** canopy was divided into the inner,middle,and outer 3 layers in the top view.20 inflorescence samples were selected for each *** tests showed:there was no obvious difference in quality between mechanical blossom thinning and HBT,and the working stability of TTBT was higher than other *** blossom thinning decreased the fruit set rate to a certain degree,but did not reduce the yield and quality of *** could save 61.35%operation time compared with HFT,and the profitable area was 5845.76 *** is suitable for large-scale sparse layer trunk-type pear *** could save 36.01%operation time compared with HFT,and the profitable area was 663.96 *** is suitable for small and medium-sized trunk-type pear *** thinning can improve the average weight of high quality fruit and brix of sugar solids.

关键词： mechanical blossom thinning pear orchard trunk type performance evaluation

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PbrRALF2-elicited reactive oxygen species signaling is mediated by the PbrCrRLK1L13-PbrMPK18 module in pear pollen tubes

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 3042-3054页

作者： Xiaobing Kou Jiangmei Sun Peng Wang Danqi Wang Peng Cao Jing Lin youhong chang Shaoling Zhang Juyou Wu Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural University210095 NanjingChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement 210014 NanjingChina

Rapid alkalinization factors(RALFs)are cysteine-rich peptides that play important roles in a variety of biological processes,such as cell elongation and immune *** studies in Arabidopsis have shown that RALFs regulate pollen tube growth via plasma membrane receptor-like kinases(RLKs).However,the downstream signal transduction mechanisms of RLKs in pollen tubes are ***,we identified PbrRALF2,a pear(Pyrus bretschneideri)pollen RALF peptide that inhibits pollen tube *** found that PbrRALF2 interacts with a malectin-like domain-containing RLK,*** relative affinity between PbrRALF2 and PbrCrRLK1L13 was at the submicromolar level,which is consistent with the values of ligand–receptor kinase pairs and the physiological concentration for PbrRALF2-mediated inhibition of pollen tube *** binding to its extracellular domain,PbrRALF2 activated the phosphorylation of PbrCrRLK1L13 in a dose-dependent *** further showed that the MAP kinase PbrMPK18 is a downstream target of PbrCrRLK1L13 that mediates PbrRALF2-elicited reactive oxygen species(ROS)*** excessive accumulation of ROS inhibits pollen tube *** show that MPK acts as a mediator for CrRLK1L to stimulate ROS production,which might represent a general mechanism by which RALF and CrRLK1L function in signaling pathways.

关键词： RALF reactive alkali

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A pear S1-bZIP transcription factor PpbZIP44 modulates carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid, and flavonoid accumulation in fruits

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Horticulture Research 2023年第8期10卷 280-294页

作者： Hong Wang Kexin Xu Xiaogang Li Bárbara Blanco-Ulate Qingsong Yang Gaifang Yao Yiduo Wei Jun Wu Baolong Sheng youhong chang Cai-Zhong Jiang Jing Lin College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210014China Institute of Pomology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing 210014China Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceDavisCalifornia95616USA

Fruit quality is defined by attributes that give value to a ***,texture,nutrition,and shelf life are key quality traits that ensure market value and consumer *** pear fruit,soluble sugars,organic acids,amino acids,and total flavonoids contribute to flavor and overall *** factors(TFs)regulate the accumulation of these metabolites during development or in response to the ***,we report a novel TF,PpbZIP44,as a positive regulator of primary and secondary metabolism in pear *** of the transient overexpression or RNAi-transformed pear fruits and stable transgenic tomato fruits under the control of the fruit-specific E8 promoter demonstrated that PpZIP44 substantially affected the contents of soluble sugar,organic acids,amino acids,and *** E8::PpbZIP44 tomato fruit,genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism,amino acid,and flavonoids biosynthesis were significantly ***,in PpbZIP44 overexpression or antisense pear fruits,the expression of genes in the related pathways was significantly ***44 directly interacted with the promoter of PpSDH9 and PpProDH1 to induce their expression,thereby depleting sorbitol and proline,decreasing citrate and malate,and enhancing fructose ***44 also directly bound to the PpADT and PpF3H promoters,which led to the carbon flux toward phenylalanine metabolites and enhanced phenylalanine and flavonoid *** findings demonstrate that PpbZIP44 mediates multimetabolism reprogramming by regulating the gene expression related to fruit quality compounds.

关键词： sugar thereby transformed

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全基因组DNA甲基化和转录组联合分析鉴定杜梨耐盐相关转录因子

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中国农业科学 2023年第7期56卷 1377-1390页

作者：李慧张雨峰李晓刚王中华蔺经常有宏江苏省农业科学院果树研究所/江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室南京林业大学生物与环境学院

【目的】鉴定不同杜梨株系根中响应盐胁迫信号的相关转录因子，分析盐胁迫下基因序列DNA甲基化变化与基因表达改变之间的关系，探讨参与调控不同杜梨株系耐盐能力的转录因子成员。【方法】以杜梨耐盐株系和普通株系为试材，在苗期使用20... 详细信息

【目的】鉴定不同杜梨株系根中响应盐胁迫信号的相关转录因子，分析盐胁迫下基因序列DNA甲基化变化与基因表达改变之间的关系，探讨参与调控不同杜梨株系耐盐能力的转录因子成员。【方法】以杜梨耐盐株系和普通株系为试材，在苗期使用200 mmol·L-1NaCl对90日龄组培生根苗进行水培处理，以Hoagland营养液为对照。利用火焰石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定钠离子含量；利用全基因组DNA甲基化和转录组测序技术从表观遗传修饰和转录调控水平对盐胁迫下转录因子进行生物信息学分析；最后用McrBC-PCR和qPCR对差异转录因子进行验证。【结果】外源NaCl处理24 h后，杜梨植株中钠离子含量显著增加，其中耐盐株系的增加幅度比普通株系小，为普通株系钠含量的73.1%，但根中积累的钠是普通株系含量的1.1倍；杜梨根中检测到69类共2 682个转录因子的表达，盐胁迫后243个转录因子在两个株系中都发生了差异表达，包括AP2/ERF(37个)、bHLH(19个)、bZIP(7个)、HD-Zip(10个)、MYB(30个)、NAC(18个)、WRKY(8个)和ZFP(23个)等家族成员；盐胁迫后，耐盐株系基因组中转录因子甲基化水平下降，而普通株系转录因子甲基化水平上升，其发生DNA差异甲基化区域主要在基因启动子位置，差异甲基化类型主要为mCHH，占mCG、mCHG、mCHH三种类型总和的93%以上。AP2/ERF、bHLH、DREB、GRAS、GT因子、HB Zip、MYB、NAC、Trihelix和Zinc finger ZFP家族的23个转录因子响应盐胁迫表达量上调而甲基化水平降低，可能参与调节钠在根中的吸收和积累。对部分候选基因的表达模式和启动子区域分别进行实时荧光定量(qPCR)和甲基化依赖型限制性内切酶PCR(McrBC-PCR)，验证了生物信息学分析结果。【结论】盐胁迫后在两个杜梨株系根中均差异表达的转录因子数目为243个，其中8个转录因子(PbERF2、PbGT3、PbZAT10.1、PbSCL33、PbDREB1、PbZAT10.2、PbERF53、PbNAC72)DNA序列的甲基化改变与基因转录水平变化呈负相关，研究结果为揭示转录因子参与不同杜梨株系耐盐能力调控的分子机制提供了依据。

关键词：杜梨盐胁迫转录因子 DNA甲基化转录组

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早熟砂梨苏翠1号与其亲本成熟期果皮差异代谢产物鉴定及相关差异基因表达分析

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果树学报 2022年第11期39卷 1989-2006页

作者：杨王莉李晓刚杨青松蔺经盛宝龙常有宏王宏南京农业大学园艺学院南京210095 江苏省农业科学院果树研究所·江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室南京210095

【目的】明确早熟砂梨苏翠1号与其母本华酥和父本翠冠成熟期果实的果皮差异代谢产物和差异基因,解析苏翠1号果皮优良性状形成的物质和分子基础。【方法】以苏翠1号(无或极少锈)和其父本翠冠(有锈)、母本华酥(无锈)为试材,利用广靶代谢... 详细信息

【目的】明确早熟砂梨苏翠1号与其母本华酥和父本翠冠成熟期果实的果皮差异代谢产物和差异基因,解析苏翠1号果皮优良性状形成的物质和分子基础。【方法】以苏翠1号(无或极少锈)和其父本翠冠(有锈)、母本华酥(无锈)为试材,利用广靶代谢组学及高通量测序技术对3个品种成熟期果实的果皮进行代谢产物测定及转录组测序分析。通过qRT-PCR方法对差异基因进行表达水平验证。【结果】代谢组结果显示差异代谢物主要是酚酸类、脂质类和黄酮类。转录组结果显示在苯丙素合成途径,角质、栓质和蜡质生物合成途径及黄酮类生物合成途径显著富集。与翠冠比较,苏翠1号果皮中苯丙素合成途径关键酶的相关基因POD、4CL以及角质、栓质和蜡质合成途径上的HHT1、CYP86A1基因被抑制表达,CYP86B1、CER1和CAD基因显著上调,类黄酮合成途径CHS、DFR、CYP75B1、F3H和ANS基因在苏翠1号中均下调。qRT-PCR结果与测序结果相符。【结论】苯丙素合成途径以及角质、栓质和蜡质合成途径在梨果锈产生中起到了重要作用;而高黄酮醇可能使苏翠1号具有良好的耐贮性。

关键词：砂梨苏翠1号果皮转录组-代谢组联合分析 qRT-PCR

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早熟砂梨‘苏翠1号’与其亲本‘翠冠’‘华酥’成熟果实差异代谢产物及差异基因比较分析

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园艺学报 2022年第3期49卷 493-508页

作者：王宏杨王莉蔺经杨青松李晓刚盛宝龙常有宏江苏省农业科学院果树研究所江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室南京210014 南京农业大学园艺学院南京210095

‘苏翠1号’梨因其极早熟、汁多味甜、肉质细脆而深受广大消费者喜欢。为了解‘苏翠1号’成熟果实主要代谢产物及代谢通路相关基因表达情况,探究其果实优异性状形成的物质和分子基础,对‘苏翠1号’及其亲本‘翠冠’和‘华酥’成熟果实... 详细信息

‘苏翠1号’梨因其极早熟、汁多味甜、肉质细脆而深受广大消费者喜欢。为了解‘苏翠1号’成熟果实主要代谢产物及代谢通路相关基因表达情况,探究其果实优异性状形成的物质和分子基础,对‘苏翠1号’及其亲本‘翠冠’和‘华酥’成熟果实样本进行代谢组和转录组测序分析。代谢组分析发现,3个品种间,前25个差异代谢产物主要包括有机酸、碳水化合物、氨基酸、甘油磷酸脂、脂肪酸和绿原酸。HPLC测定表明,蔗糖含量在‘苏翠1号’中最高,葡萄糖含量在‘翠冠’中最高,果糖含量在‘苏翠1号’和‘翠冠’中相似,略高于‘华酥’,山梨醇含量在‘苏翠1号’和‘华酥’中均显著低于‘翠冠’;苹果酸含量在‘苏翠1号’中最高,柠檬酸含量在‘华酥’中最高,‘苏翠1号’和‘华酥’总酸含量相近,均高于‘翠冠’。氨基酸含量分析表明,‘苏翠1号’的氨基酸总含量及天冬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸含量显著高于‘翠冠’和‘华酥’。转录组GO和KEGG分析表明,相较于‘翠冠’和‘华酥’,‘苏翠1号’有机底物分解过程、脂质代谢、有机酸生物合成、羧酸生物合成、多糖代谢等生物学过程及代谢途径显著富集。进一步挖掘差异基因发现,糖代谢中的SPS、山梨醇代谢中的S6PDH、SDH,TCA循环中的FUM1、ICDH、PDH、OGDHL,氨基酸代谢途径中的GAT、GLSN、LASPO、SAMS,以及脂肪酸代谢中的DGK1、ACCA、KASC2、ADH、PLDA等基因在‘苏翠1号’中显著高表达。这些基因可能与‘苏翠1号’更活跃的蔗糖、山梨醇、氨基酸、甘油磷酯代谢及TCA循环有关。

关键词：砂梨果实品质差异代谢产物差异基因 qRT-PCR

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Transcriptome profiling reveals regulatory mechanisms underlying corolla senescence in petunia

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 711-723页

作者： Hong Wang XiaoXiao chang Jing Lin youhong chang Jen-Chih Chen Michael S.Reid Cai-Zhong Jiang Institute of Pomology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences210014NanjingChina Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA95616USA Institute of Fruit Tree Research Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science510640GuangzhouChina Institute of Biotechnology National Taiwan University10617TaipeiTaiwan United States Department of Agriculture Crops Pathology and Genetics Research UnitAgricultural Research ServiceDavisCA95616USA

The genetic regulatory mechanisms that govern natural corolla senescence in petunia are not well *** identify key genes and pathways that regulate the process,we performed a transcriptome analysis in petunia corolla at four developmental stages,including corolla fully opening without anther dehiscence(D0),corolla expansion,2 days after anthesis(D2),corolla with initial signs of senescence(D4),and wilting corolla(D7).We identified large numbers of differentially expressed genes(DEGs),ranging from 4626 between the transition from D0 and D2,1116 between D2 and D4,a transition to the onset of flower senescence,and 327 between D4 and D7,a developmental stage representing flower *** analysis showed that the auxin-and ethylene-related hormone biosynthesis and signaling transduction pathways were significantly activated during the flower development and highly upregulated at onset of flower *** emission was detected at the D2 to D4 transition,followed by a large eruption at the D4 to D7 ***,large numbers of transcription factors(TFs)were activated over the course of *** analysis by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)experiments demonstrated that inhibition of the expression of TFs,such as ethylene-related ERF,auxin-related ARF,bHLH,HB,and MADS-box,significantly extended or shortened flower *** data suggest that hormonal interaction between auxin and ethylene may play critical regulatory roles in the onset of natural corolla senescence in petunia.

关键词： senescence flower representing

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加强保密工作强化保密措施

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辽宁警专学报 2005年第5期7卷 48-49页

作者：唱友宏辽宁警官高等专科学校侦查系辽宁大连116033

保密工作是关系国家安危和现代化建设的大事,党和国家历来十分重视保密工作。当前保密工作还存在着一些问题和漏洞,特别是改革开放以来,泄露国家秘密的事件激增,泄密的隐患日益严重。文章针对当前泄密问题严重的现实,强调必须加强保密教... 详细信息

保密工作是关系国家安危和现代化建设的大事,党和国家历来十分重视保密工作。当前保密工作还存在着一些问题和漏洞,特别是改革开放以来,泄露国家秘密的事件激增,泄密的隐患日益严重。文章针对当前泄密问题严重的现实,强调必须加强保密教育,增强保密观念;建立健全保密制度,严格规范人们的行为;加强检查和监督,堵塞泄密漏洞;严肃追查和处理泄密事件,强化保密工作。

关键词：泄露国家秘密故意泄密过失泄密保密工作措施

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Transcriptomic analysis reveals numerous diverse protein kinases and transcription factors involved in desiccation tolerance in the resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 154-165页

作者： Chao Ma Hong Wang Andrew J Macnish Alejandro C Estrada-Melo Jing Lin youhong chang Michael S Reid Cai-Zhong Jiang Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA Institute of Horticulture Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing 210014China United States Department of Agriculture Crops Pathology and Genetic Research UnitAgricultural Research ServiceDavisCA 95616USA

The woody resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia has remarkable tolerance to ***-sequencing technology permitted us to analyze the transcriptome of *** during both dehydration and *** identified a total of 8287 and 8542 differentially transcribed genes during dehydration and rehydration treatments *** 295 transcription factors(TFs)and 484 protein kinases(PKs)were up-or down-regulated in response to desiccation *** these,the transcript levels of 53 TFs and 91 PKs increased rapidly and peaked early during *** regulators transduce signal cascades of molecular pathways,including the up-regulation of ABA-dependent and independent drought stress pathways and the activation of protective mechanisms for coping with oxidative *** systems are up-regulated,and the photosynthetic system is modified to reduce ROS *** metabolism may participate in the desiccation tolerance of *** as indicated by increases in transcript abundance of genes involved in isopentenyl diphosphate ***-regulation of genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant proteins and sucrose phosphate synthase is also associated with increased tolerance to *** rehydration,the transcriptome is also enriched in transcripts of genes encoding TFs and PKs,as well as genes involved in photosynthesis,and protein *** data reported here contribute comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in ***.

关键词： hydration Antioxidant metabolism

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