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Household Solid Waste Awareness and Practices among Residents of Windhoek, Namibia

Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 641-655页

作者： Jolosi Mukena youcai zhao Songa Mutonga College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai China College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa

This study explores household solid waste management (HSWM) practices and awareness among residents of Windhoek West, a rapidly urbanizing constituency in the Khomas Region of Namibia. Employing a descriptive methodology, the research investigates the interplay between public awareness, regulatory frameworks, and the availability of waste management facilities to assess their impact on waste management behaviors. Our findings indicate significant gaps in both knowledge and infrastructure that hinder effective waste management. The study reveals that while there is a high willingness among residents to engage in recycling and waste reduction, actual practices are limited due to inadequate facilities and lack of stringent enforcement of waste policies. This research identifies key factors that influence waste management practices, including demographic characteristics and access to waste management facilities. It also proposes actionable strategies such as expanding recycling and sorting facilities, enhancing educational campaigns tailored to local needs, and implementing regular enforcement mechanisms. These strategies are aimed at improving compliance with waste management protocols and fostering a culture of environmental responsibility. The results of this investigation show the critical role of ongoing education and infrastructural improvement in bridging existing knowledge gaps and facilitating effective waste management practices. This research lays a foundational step toward enhancing sustainable urban development and effective waste management in Windhoek, providing valuable insights for policymakers, community leaders, and stakeholders engaged in urban environmental management.

关键词： Household Solid Waste Management (HSWM) Public Awareness Waste Segregation Windhoek West Recycling Facilities

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废弃PVDF管式超滤膜修复再生技术研究

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水处理技术 2024年第6期50卷 34-39页

作者：彭璐赵由才周涛同济大学环境科学与工程学院上海200092 上海污染控制与生态安全研究院上海200092

为了减少管式超滤膜系统的膜更换成本,延长膜使用寿命,利用亲水修复剂对废弃PVDF管式超滤膜进行修复再生。通过XPS、SEM、AFM、孔径表征分析、过滤通量、截留率、机械强度等测试,探讨了废弃膜和再生膜的结构和性能。结果表明,经过膜修... 详细信息

为了减少管式超滤膜系统的膜更换成本,延长膜使用寿命,利用亲水修复剂对废弃PVDF管式超滤膜进行修复再生。通过XPS、SEM、AFM、孔径表征分析、过滤通量、截留率、机械强度等测试,探讨了废弃膜和再生膜的结构和性能。结果表明,经过膜修复实验,可补充废弃膜表面损失成分,修复剂所含DMAc还能溶解废弃膜孔隙中的有机污染物。在亲水剂、致孔剂和PVDF的共同作用下,再生膜表面可形成新的孔隙结构,平均孔径从0.0873μm增大至0.2355μm。确定了综合性能最优的再生膜修复剂成分为15%PVDF、75%DMAc、5%PEG和5%PVP,修复后的膜接触角降低了31.1%,在满足渗滤液中COD、NH3-N和TN截留率处理要求的同时,膜纯水通量提升近4倍,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别增加了52.5%和137.5%。

关键词：废弃管式超滤膜聚偏氟乙烯膜修复再生膜

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MSWNet:A visual deep machine learning method adopting transfer learning based upon ResNet 50 for municipal solid waste sorting

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第6期17卷 165-176页

作者： Kunsen Lin youcai zhao Lina Wang Wenjie Shi Feifei Cui Tao Zhou The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Shanghai 202150China Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China

An intelligent and efficient methodology is needed owning to the continuous increase of global municipal solid waste(MSW).This is because the common methods of manual and semi-mechanical screenings not only consume large amount of manpower and material resources but also accelerate virus community *** the categories of MSW are diverse considering their compositions,chemical reactions,and processing procedures,etc.,resulting in low efficiencies in MSW sorting using the traditional *** machine learning can help MSW sorting becoming into a smarter and more efficient *** study for the first time applied MSWNet in MSW sorting,a ResNet-50 with transfer *** method of cyclical learning rate was taken to avoid blind finding,and tests were repeated until accidentally encountering a good *** of visualization were also considered to make the MSWNet model more transparent and *** showed transfer learning enhanced the efficiency of training time(from 741 s to 598.5 s),and improved the accuracy of recognition performance(from 88.50%to 93.50%);MSWNet showed a better performance in MSW classsification in terms of sensitivity(93.50%),precision(93.40%),F1-score(93.40%),accuracy(93.50%)and AUC(92.00%).The findings of this study can be taken as a reference for building the model MSW classification by deep learning,quantifying a suitable learning rate,and changing the data from high dimensions to two dimensions.

关键词： Municipal solid waste sorting Deep residual network Transfer learning Cyclic learning rate Visualization

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Thermal behaviors and heavy metal vaporization of phosphatized tannery sludge in incineration process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第9期20卷 1146-1152页

作者： TANG, Ping zhao, youcai XIA, Fengyi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Life and Environmental Science Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325007 China

The high concentration of heavy metal (Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb) in tannery sludge causes severe heavy metal emissions in the process of incineration. In the present investigation, the tannery sludge was treated with 85% phosphoric acid before the incineration process in the tube furnace to control the heavy metal emissions. The thermal behavior and heavy metal vaporization of pre-treated tannery sludge were investigated, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were also implemente...

关键词： tannery sludge thermal behavior heavy metal vaporization phosphatation

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Co-inhibition of methanogens for methane mitigation in biodegradable wastes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第6期21卷 827-833页

作者： zhao Tiantao ZHANG Lijie CHEN Haoquan zhao youcai Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400050 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Shanghai Environmental Engineering Technology Co. Ltd. Shanghai 200021 China

The inhibition effects and mechanisms of chlorinated methane and acetylene on methanogenesis in the anaerobic digestion process of the biodegradable wastes were *** was found that both chloroform and acetylene could effectively inhibit methanogens while the biodegradability of the wastes was not *** inhibited the activity of methanogens,while chloroform inhibited metabolic process of methanogenesis.A central composite design（CCD） and response surface regression analysis（RSREG） were employed to determine the optimum conditions and interaction effects of chloroform and acetylene in terms of inhibition effciency,production of volatile fatty acids（VAF） and molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic *** had significant effect on enhancing the production of VFA（F = 121.3;p 〈 0.01）,and acetylene promoted the inhibition effciency（F = 99.15;p 〈 0.05） more effectively than chloroform（F = 9.72;p 〉 0.05）.In addition,a maximum molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid of 1.208 was estimated under the optimum conditions of chloroform concentration of 9.05 mg/kg and acetylene concentration of 3.6×10^-3（V/V）.Hence,methanogens in the wastes can be inhibited while the stabilization process of the biodegradable wastes can still work well,as propionic acid generated during the inhibition process could hardly be utilized by methanogens.

关键词： methanogenesis biodegradable wastes inhibition mechanism response surface regression analysis stabilization process

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Leachate treatment using a demonstration aged refuse biofilter

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1116-1122页

作者： Hongjiang Li Yingying Gu youcai zhao Zhiping Wen State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Shenzhen Environment Engineering Technology Center Shenzhen 518001 China Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China

Approximately 7000 m^3 of aged refuse （AR） with a placement of over eight years was excavated from Shanghai Refuse Landfill, the largest landfill in China, and used for the construction of a two-stage bioreactor （AR biofilter） media for the biological treatment of 100 m3 of refuse landfill leachate. It was found that over 64% of COD, 96.9%-99.8% of NH4^＋-N, and 95.8%-99.8% of BOD5 could be removed by the AR biofilter, when the leachate with initial COD, BOD5, and NH4^＋-N concentrations were 986-4128 mg/L, 264--959 mg/L,m and 538-1583 mg/L, respectively. The corresponding concentrations in the effluent were reduced to below 30（000 mg/L, 2-12 mg/L, and 10-20 mg/L, respectively. The effluent was clear and pale yellow with suspended solid below 150 mg/L and color below 150 Pt/Co degree. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen removal was only 49%-63%, indicating a relative poor denitrification capacity of AR biofilter. The effluent pH was neutral and the population of Escherichia coli was less than 10^-1 CFU/mL. Hence, it was considered that the demonstration project can work well for the effective treatment of leachate.

关键词： aged refuse landfill leachate treatment COD ammonia

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Removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions using waste textiles/poly(acrylic acid) composite synthesized by radical polymerization technique

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第5期30卷 368-377页

作者： Tao Zhou Fafa Xia Yue Deng youcai zhao The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University

Waste textiles（WTs） are the inevitable outcome of human activity and should be separated and recycled in view of sustainable development. In this work, WT was modified through grafting with acrylic acid（AA） via radical polymerization process using ceric ammonium nitrate（CAN） as an initiator and microwave and/or UV irradiation as energy supply. The acrylic acid-grafted waste textiles（WT-g-AA） thus obtained was then used as an adsorbent to remove Pb（Ⅱ） from Pb（Ⅱ）-containing wastewater. The effects of p H, initial concentrations of Pb（Ⅱ） and adsorbent dose were investigated, and around 95% Pb（Ⅱ） can be removed from the aqueous solution containing 10 mg/L at p H 6.0–8.0. The experimental adsorption isotherm data was fitted to the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of35.7 mg Pb/g WT-g-AA. The Pb-absorbed WT-g-AA was stripped using dilute nitric acid solution and the adsorption capacity of Pb-free material decreased from 95.4%（cycle 1） to91.1%（cycle 3）. It was considered that the WT-g-AA adsorption for Pb（Ⅱ） may be realized through the ion-exchange mechanism between ／COOH and Pb（Ⅱ）. The promising results manifested that WT-g-AA powder was an efficient, eco-friendly and reusable adsorbent for the removal of Pb（Ⅱ） from wastewater.

关键词： Adsorption Pb(Ⅱ) Waste textiles Graft copolymefization

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Efficient capture of aqueous humic acid using a functionalized stereoscopic porous activated carbon based on poly(acrylic acid)/food-waste hydrogel

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 104-114页

作者： Tao Zhou Xin zhao Shuya Wu Lianghu Su youcai zhao The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai Chengpei Enterprise Management Consulting Co. Ltd. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Environmental Protection Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security

Stereoscopic porous carbons have shown good potential in humic acid(HA) removal. In this work, a novel stereoscopic porous activated carbon(SPAC) was designed and synthesized via the self-assembly of a hydrogel based on food waste during in-situ polymerization, vacuum drying, carbonization, and activation. Then, the SPAC was functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES) and the adsorption behavior of the modified SPAC(SPAC-NH_2) was studied systematically. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration of HA, and adsorbent dose were investigated, showing that optimal HA removal efficiency(>98.0%) could be achieved at an initial HA concentration of 100 mg/L. The experimental adsorption isotherm data was fitted to the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 156.0 mg HA/g SPAC-NH_2. Analysis of the mechanism indicated that the removal of HA was mainly realized through the amidization reaction between the \COOH groups of HA and the \NH_2 groups of APTES. All of the above results showed that SPAC-NH_2 powder is an efficient,eco-friendly, and reusable adsorbent which is suitable for the removal of HA from wastewater.

关键词： Stereoscopic porous activated carbon Humic acid Food waste 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane Adsorption

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A comprehensive overview of rural solid waste management in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第6期9卷 949-961页

作者： Chao ZENG Dongjie NIU youcai zhao The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive review of rural solid waste （RSW） in terms of character- istics, management and legislation. Survey results show that RSW generation rates range from 0.25 to 2.1 kg · （capita.d）-1 in different rural villages across regions of China. Total RSW generation has been increasing, which is far higher than official data in 2014. RSW are dominated by food residue and coal ash/cinder/dust （at approximately 70%）. Most of RSW are still discarded randomly without any treatment in China. Scattered RSW generation sources, imperfect legislation system, poor infrastructure on treat- ment and disposal are identified as the biggest challenge for RSW management currently in China. To improve RSW management, increasing financial resources, estab- lishing sorting collection and transportation network, promoting sorting collection and recycling, improving treatment technology are proposed as the possible solution.

关键词： rural solid waste characteristics management legislation China

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Three-stage aged refuse biofilter for the treatment of landfill leachate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第1期21卷 70-75页

作者： LI Hongjiang zhao youcai SHI Lei GU Yingying State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tonggji University Shanghai 200092 China. Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road 999077 Hong Kong China

A field-scale aged refuse （AR） biofilter constructed in Shanghai Refuse Landfill, containing about 7000 m^3 aged refuse inside, was evaluated for its performance in the treatment of landfill leachate. This AR biofilter can be divided into three stages and can manage 50 m^3 landfill leachate per day. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of AR were analyzed for evaluating the AR biofilter as leachate treatment host. The results revealed that over 87.8%-96.2% of COD and 96.9%-99.4% of ammonia nitrogen were removed by the three-stage AR biofilter when the infiuent leachate COD and ammonia nitrogen concentration were in the range 5478-10842 mg/L and 811-1582 mg/L, respectively. The final effluent was inodorous and pale yellow with COD and ammonia nitrogen below 267-1020 mg/L and 6-45 mg/L, respectively. The three-stage AR biofilter had efficient nitrification but relative poor denitrification capacity with a total nitrogen （TN） removal of 58%-73%. The external temperature of AR biofilter did not influence the total ammonia nitrogen removal significantly. It was concluded that the scale-up AR biofilter can work very well and can be a promising technology for the treatment of landfill leachate.

关键词： aged refuse biofilter landfill leachate COD ammonia nitrogen

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