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W55a Encodes a Novel Protein Kinase That Is Involved in Multiple Stress Responses

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第1期51卷 58-66页

作者： Zhao-Shi Xu Li Liu zhi-Yong Ni Pei Liu Ming Chen Lian-Cheng Li Yao-Feng Chen you-zhi ma National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI) Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Crop Science the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Beijing 100081 China Agronomy College Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China

Protein kinases play crucial roles in response to external environment stress signals. A putative protein kinase, W55a, belonging to SNFl-related protein kinase 2 （SnRK2） subfamily, was isolated from a cDNA library of drought-treated wheat seedlings. The entire length of W55a was obtained using rapid amplification of 5＇ cDNA ends （5＇-RACE） and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）. It contains a 1 029-bp open reading frame （ORF） encoding 342 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of W55a had eleven conserved catalytic subdomains and one Ser/Thr protein kinase active-site that characterize Ser/Thr protein kinases. Phylogenetic analysis showed that W55a was 90.38% homologous with rice SAPK1, a member of the SnRK2 family. Using nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelocentric lines of Chinese Spring, W55a was located on chromosome 2BS. Expression pattern analysis revealed that W55a was upregulated by drought and salt, exogenous abscisic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate, but was not responsive to cold stress. In addition, W55a transcripts were abundant in leaves, but not in roots or stems, under environmental stresses. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing W55a exhibited higher tolerance to drought. Based on these findings, W55a encodes a novel dehydration-responsive protein kinase that is involved in multiple stress signal transductions.

关键词： chromosomal location induction kinetics SnRK2 stress response transgenic Arabidopsis wheat.

Functional analyses of an E3 ligase gene AIP2 from wheat in Arabidopsis revealed its roles in seed germination and pre‐harvest sprouting

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 480-491页

作者： Dong-Yao Gao Zhao-Shi Xu Yi He Yong-Wei Sun you-zhi ma Lan-Qin Xia Institute of Crop Sciences/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Agricultural and Sideline Base Unit 65426 of the People’s Liberation Army

Pre‐harvest sprouting（PHS） seriously affects wheat yield and quality of the grain. ABI3 is a key factor in the activation of seed development and repression of germination in Arabidopsis. An ABI3‐interacting protein（AIP2） could polyubiquitinate ABI3, impair seed dormancy and promote seed germination in Arabidopsis. In this study,two wheat AIP2 genes, TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B, were isolated.Subcellular localization assay and yeast two‐hybrid analysis revealed that TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B may function through interaction with wheat Viviporous‐1（TaVp1）. The transcripts TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B were more abundant in wheat PHS susceptible cultivars than that of resistant ones, and decreased gradually following seed development. Expression of TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B in Arabidopsis aip2‐1 mutant lines resulted in earlier flowering, promotion of seed germination,and reduced ABA sensitivity, respectively, somehow mimicking the phenotype of the wild type, with TaAIP2B having a stronger role in these aspects. Furthermore, the expression ofupstream genes ABI1 and ABI2 were upregulated, whereas that of downstream genes ABI3 and ABI5 were downregulated in both TaAIP2A and TaAIP2B complemented lines upon ABA treatment. These results suggested that wheat AIP2s could negatively regulate the ABA signaling pathway and play important roles in seed germination, and thus wheat PHS resistance finally.

关键词： ABA responsiveness AIP2 Arabidopsis E3 ligase functional analysis pre‐harvest sprouting Triticum aestivum L

Metabolic Engineering of Plant-derived (E)-β-farnesene Synthase Genes for a Novel Type of Aphid-resistant Genetically Modified Crop Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第5期54卷 282-299页

作者： Xiu-Dao Yu John Pickett you-zhi ma Toby Bruce Johnathan Napier Huw D.Jones Lan-Qin Xia Institute of Crop Sciences(ICS) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China Rothamsted Research HarpendenHertfordshire AL52JQUK

Aphids are major agricultural pests that cause significant yield losses of crop plants each year. Excessive dependence on insec- ticides for long-term aphid control is undesirable because of the development of insecticide resistance, the potential negative effects on non-target organisms and environmental pollution. Transgenic crops engineered for resistance to aphids via a non-toxic mode of action could be an efficient alternative strategy. （E）-β-Farnesene （EβF） synthases catalyze the formation of EβF, which for many pest aphids is the main component of the alarm pheromone involved in the chemical communication within these species. EβF can also be synthesized by certain plants but is then normally contaminated with inhibitory compounds. Engineering of crop plants capable ofsynthesizing and emitting EβF could cause repulsion of aphids and also the attraction of natural enemies that use EβF as a foraging cue, thus minimizing aphid infestation. In this review, the effects of aphids on host plants, plants＇ defenses against aphid herbivory and the recruitment of natural enemies for aphid control in an agricultural setting are briefly introduced. Furthermore, the plant-derived EβF synthase genes cloned to date along with their potential roles in generating novel aphid resistance via genetically modified approaches are discussed.

关键词： Aphids （E）-β-farnesene sythase genetic-modified crops terpenoid.

Stark Tuning of Telecom Single-Photon Emitters Based on a Single Er^(3+)

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中国物理快报:英文版 2023年第7期40卷 1-5页

作者： Jian-Yin Huang Peng-Jun Liang Liang Zheng Pei-Yun Li you-zhi ma Duan-Chen Liu Jing-Hui Xie Zong-Quan Zhou Chuan-Feng Li Guang-Can Guo CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China

The implementation of scalable quantum networks requires photons at the telecom band and long-lived spin coherence.The single Er^(3+) in solid-state hosts is an important candidate that fulfills these critical requirements simultaneously.However,to entangle distant Er^(3+) ions through photonic connections,the emission frequency of individual Er^(3+) in solid-state matrix must be the same,which is challenging because the emission frequency of Er^(3+) depends on its local environment.Herein,we propose and experimentally demonstrate the Stark tuning of the emission frequency of a single Er^(3+) in a Y_(2)SiO_(5) crystal by employing electrodes interfaced with a silicon photonic crystal cavity.We obtain a Stark shift of 182.9±0.8 MHz,which is approximately 27 times of the optical emission linewidth,demonstrating promising applications in tuning the emission frequency of independent Er^(3+) into the same spectral channels.Our results provide a useful solution for construction of scalable quantum networks based on single Er^(3+) and a universal tool for tuning emission of individual rare-earth ions.

关键词： tuning Stark networks

Deciphering and integrating invariants for neural operator learning with various physical mechanisms

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 111-122页

作者： Rui Zhang Qi Meng zhi-Ming ma Academy of mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Microsoft Research

Neural operators have been explored as surrogate models for simulating physical systems to overcome the limitations of traditional partial differential equation(PDE) solvers. However, most existing operator learning methods assume that the data originate from a single physical mechanism, limiting their applicability and performance in more realistic scenarios. To this end, we propose the physical invariant attention neural operator(PIANO) to decipher and integrate the physical invariants for operator learning from the PDE series with various physical mechanisms. PIANO employs self-supervised learning to extract physical knowledge and attention mechanisms to integrate them into dynamic convolutional layers.Compared to existing techniques, PIANO can reduce the relative error by 13.6%–82.2% on PDE forecasting tasks across varying coefficients, forces or boundary conditions. Additionally, varied downstream tasks reveal that the PI embeddings deciphered by PIANO align well with the underlying invariants in the PDE systems, verifying the physical significance of PIANO.

关键词： neural operator PDE solver contrastive learning physical invariants

Functions and Application of the AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Family in Crop Improvement

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第7期53卷 570-585页

作者： Zhao-Shi Xu Ming Chen Lian-Cheng Li you-zhi ma National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI) Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS) Beijing 100081 China

Plants have acquired sophisticated stress response systems to adapt to changing environments. It is important to understand plants＇ stress response mechanisms in the effort to improve crop productivity under stressful conditions. The AP2/ERF transcription factors are known to regulate diverse processes of plant development and stress responses. In this study, the molecular characteristics and biological functions of AP2/ERFs in a variety of plant species were analyzed. AP2/ERFs, especially those in DREB and ERF subfamilies, are ideal candidates for crop improvement because their overexpression enhances tolerances to drought, salt, freezing, as well as resistances to multiple diseases in the transgenic plants. The comprehensive analysis of physiological functions is useful in elucidating the biological roles of AP2/ERF family genes in gene interaction, pathway regulation, and defense response under stress environments, which should provide new opportunities for the crop tolerance engineering.

关键词： AP2/ERF gene regulation signal pathway stress tolerance transgenic plant

The G-protein β subunit AGB1 promotes hypocotyl elongation through inhibiting transcription activation function of BBX21 in Arabidopsis

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The G-protein β subunit AGB1 promotes hypocotyl elongation ...

The Multi-parameter Test of Gravitational Wave Dispersion with Principal Component Analysis

第七届长三角植物科学研讨会暨青年学术报告会

作者： Dong-bei Xu Ya-nan ma Ming Chen you-zhi ma Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hypocotyl development in Arabidopsis thaliana is regulated by light and endogenous hormonal cues,making it a good model to study the interplay between light and endogenous growth regulators.BBX21,a B-box(BBX) like zinc-finger transcription factor,integrates light and abscisic acid(ABA) signaling to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis.Heterotrimeric G-proteins are pivotal regulators of plant development.The short hypocotyl phenotype of the G-protein β subunit(AGB1) mutant(agb1-2) has been previously identified,but the precise role of AGB1 in hypocotyl elongation remained enigmatic.Here,we show that AGB1 directly interacts with BBX21,and the short hypocotyl phenotype of agb1-2 is partially suppressed in agb1-2 bbx21-1 double mutant.BBX21 is a downstream component of AGB1,and over-expression of BBX21 in the agb1-2 mutant background causes a more pronounced reduction in hypocotyl length,indicating that AGB1 plays an oppositional functional role in relation to BBX21 during hypocotyl development.Further,we demonstrated that the C-terminal region of BBX21 is important for both its intracellular localization and its transcriptional activation activity,which is inhibited by interaction with AGB1.ChIP assays confirmed that BBX21 specifically associates with its own promoter,and those of BBX22,HY5,and GA2 ox1,and this interaction is not altered in agb1 mutants.These data suggest that the AGB1-BBX21 interaction only affects the transcriptional activation activity of BBX21,but has no effect on its ability to bind DNA.Taken together,our data demonstrate that AGB1 positively promotes hypocotyl elongation through the repression of BBX21 activity.

关键词： Arabidopsis BBX21 G-protein β subunit hypocotyl elongation transcriptional activation

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第5期24卷 140-150页

作者： zhi-Chu ma Rui Niu Wen Zhao CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

In this work, we consider a conventional test of gravitational wave(GW) propagation which is based on the phenomenological parameterized dispersion relation to describe potential departures from General Relativity(GR)along the propagation of GWs. But different from tests conventionally performed previously, we vary multiple deformation coefficients simultaneously and employ the principal component analysis(PCA) method to remedy the strong degeneracy among deformation coefficients and obtain informative posteriors. The dominant PCA components can be better measured and constrained, and thus are expected to be more sensitive to potential departures from the waveform model. Using this method we analyze ten selected events and get the result that the combined posteriors of the dominant PCA parameters are consistent with GR within 99.7% credible intervals. The standard deviation of the first dominant PCA parameter is three times smaller than that of the original dispersion parameter of the leading order. However, the multi-parameter test with PCA is more sensitive to not only potential deviations from GR but also systematic errors of waveform models. The difference in results obtained by using different waveform templates hints that the demands of waveform accuracy are higher to perform the multiparameter test with PCA. Whereas, it cannot be strictly proven that the deviation is indeed and only induced by systematic errors. It requires more thorough research in the future to exclude other possible reasons in parameter estimation and data processing.

关键词： gravitational waves-gravitation-black hole physics

Diagnosis and treatment experience of atypical hepatic cystic echinococcosis type 1 at a tertiary center in China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期30卷 462-470页

作者： Yu-Peng Li Jie Zhang zhi-De Li Chao ma Guang-Lei Tian Yuan Meng Xiong Chen zhi-Gang ma Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionUrumqi 830000Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina

BACKGROUND Some hydatid cysts of cystic echinococcosis type 1(CE1)lack well-defined cyst walls or distinctive endocysts,making them difficult to differentiate from simple hepatic cysts.AIM To investigate the diagnostic methods for atypical hepatic CE1 and the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic surgeries.METHODS The clinical data of 93 patients who had a history of visiting endemic areas of CE and were diagnosed with cystic liver lesions for the first time at the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(China)from January 2018 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical diagnoses were made based on findings from serum immunoglobulin tests for echinococcosis,routine abdominal ultrasound,high-frequency ultrasound,abdominal computed tomography(CT)scan,and laparoscopy.Subsequent to the treatments,these patients underwent reexaminations at the outpatient clinic until October 2023.The evaluations included the diagnostic precision of diverse examinations,the efficacy of surgical approaches,and the incidence of CE recurrence.RESULTS All 93 patients were diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts by conventional abdominal ultrasound and abdominal CT scan.Among them,16 patients were preoperatively diagnosed with atypical CE1,and 77 were diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts by high-frequency ultrasound.All the 16 patients preoperatively diagnosed with atypical CE1 underwent laparoscopy,of whom 14 patients were intraoperatively confirmed to have CE1,which was consistent with the postoperative pathological diagnosis,one patient was diagnosed with a mesothelial cyst of the liver,and the other was diagnosed with a hepatic cyst combined with local infection.Among the 77 patients who were preoperatively diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts,4 received aspiration sclerotherapy of hepatic cysts,and 19 received laparoscopic fenestration.These patients were intraoperatively diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts.During the followup period,none of the 14 patients with CE1 experienced recurrence or implantation of hydatid sc

关键词： Hepatic echinococcosis Hepatic cystic echinococcosis type 1 Hepatic cyst Color Doppler ultrasound Laparoscopy