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Evolution of Dentary Diastema in Iguanodontian Dinosaurs

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第1期83卷 39-45页

作者： Katsuhiro KUBOTA yoshitsugu KOBAYASHI Kanna Dinosaur Center Hokkaido University Museum Hokkaido University

The dentary diastema of iguanodontians has been considered to be related to its unique jaw mechanism for herbivorous adaptation. The dentary and diastema lengths of iguanodontians were measured and compared to elucidate the evolution of iguanodontian diastema. A gap in ratios between most non-hadrosaurid iguanodontians and hadrosaurids was observed, suggesting that all non- hadrosaurid iguanodontians, expect for Ouranosaurus nigeriensis and Protohadros byrdi, lack a diastema or have a short diastema, although some other taxa have been considered to have a long diastema in previous studies. In non-hadrosaurid iguanodontians, some large-sized forms, such as Iguanodon bernissartensis, Shuangmiaosaurus gilmorei, and possibly Eolambia caroljonesa, had a short diastema through ontogeny, whereas Ouranosaurus nigeriensis and Protohadros byrdi developed a long diastema convergently. The development of a long diastema of hadrosaurine hadrosaurids may be different from that of lambeosaurine hadrosaurids. Some hadrosaurines （Edmontosaurus annectens, Edmontosaurus regalis, and Saurolophus angustirostris） may have developed a long diastema in the subadult stage and showed little elongation of dentary diastema through ontogeny. Lambeosaurines （Corythosaurus casuarius and Lambeosaurus lambei） tend to have a short diastema in the embryonic and subadult stages, and an elongated diastema from the subadult to adult stages.

关键词： Cretaceous dentary diastema dinosaur iguanodontian ontogeny

Comment on“Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma-novel benchmark values for surgical and oncological outcomes from 24 expert centers”

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第2期11卷 314-316页

作者： Yasunari Kawabata yoshitsugu Tajima Department of Digestive and General Surgery Shimane University Faculty of MedicineIzumoShimaneJapan

Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(PHC)is an aggressive malignancy of the biliary tracts with a dismal *** the primary goal of surgery for PHC is complete tumor removal with negative resection margins and regional lymphadenectomy,surgery for PHC with curative intent remains a challenge for surgeons because it involves complex surgical procedures such as bile duct resection,major hepatectomy,and/or vascular *** intensive procedures are often associated with postoperative complications,including severe morbidity and 30-day mortality with incidences of 40%and 5%,respectively(1).From the perspective of surgical and oncological safety,the standardization of aggressive surgical approaches and the establishment of standardized benchmark values that secure the best achievable outcomes are warranted in the treatment of patients with PHC.

关键词： surgical surgery mortality

A New Basal Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lufeng Basin,Yunnan Province,Southwestern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第6期84卷 1336-1342页

作者： LU Junchang yoshitsugu KOBAYASHI LI Tianguang ZHONG Shimin Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Hokkaido University Museum Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan Chuxiong Museum Chuxiong Yunnan 675000 China

A new dinosaur Chuxiongosaurus lufengensis *** *** erected based on a nearly complete *** taxon is characterized by the lacrimal perpendicular to the ventral margin of the upper jaw,which is similar to that of Thecodontosaurus;a depression present on the dorsal profile of the snout behind the naris;the rostral profile of the maxilla slopes continuously towards the rostral tip;and the presence of 25 dentary *** also displays prosauropod characters such as a relatively long skull,the slope of the maxillary rostral profile,and teeth that do not have basically constricted *** new specimen is more basal than Anchisaurus and represents the first basal sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of China.

关键词： taxonomy Chuxiongosaurus lufengensis Sauropoda Jurassic Yunnan southwestern China

Pancreatic carcinoma coexisting with chronic pancreatitis versus tumor-forming pancreatitis:Diagnostic utility of the time-signal intensity curve from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第6期13卷 858-865页

作者： yoshitsugu Tajima Tamotsu Kuroki Ryuji Tsutsumi Ichiro Isomoto Masataka Uetani Takashi Kanematsu Department of Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Japan Department of Radiology and Radiation Biology Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Japan

AIM: To evaluate the ability of the time-signal intensity curve (TIC) of the pancreas obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differentiation of focal pancreatic masses, especially pancreatic carcinoma coexisting with chronic pancreatitis and tumor-forming pancreatitis. METHODS: Forty-eight consecutive patients who underwent surgery for a focal pancreatic mass, including pancreatic ductal carcinoma (n = 33), tumor-forming pancreatitis (n = 8), and islet cell tumor (n = 7), were reviewed. Five pancreatic carcinomas coexisted with longstanding chronic pancreatitis. The pancreatic TICs were obtained from the pancreatic mass and the pancreatic parenchyma both proximal and distal to the mass lesion in each patient, prior to surgery, and were classified into 4 types according to the time to a peak: 25 s and 1, 2, and 3 min after the bolus injection of contrast material, namely, type-Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ, respectively, and were then compared to the corresponding histological pancreatic conditions. RESULTS: Pancreatic carcinomas demonstrated type-Ⅲ (n = 13) or Ⅳ (n = 20) TIC. Tumor-forming pancreatitis showed type-Ⅱ (n = 5) or Ⅲ (n = 3) TIC. All islet cell tumors revealed type-Ⅰ. The type-Ⅳ TIC was only recognized in pancreatic carcinoma, and the TIC of carcinoma always depicted the slowest rise to a peak among the 3 pancreatic TICs measured in each patient, even in patients with chronic ***: Pancreatic TIC from dynamic MRI provides reliable information for distinguishing pancreatic carcinoma from other pancreatic masses, and may enable us to avoid unnecessary pancreatic surgery and delays in making a correct diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma, especially, in patients with longstanding chronic pancreatitis.

关键词： Pancreatic carcinoma Chronic pancreatitis Focal pancreatic mass Tumor-forming pancreatitis Differential diagnosis, Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging Time-signal intensity curve

Extrahepatic collaterals and liver damage in embolotherapy for ruptured hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第3期13卷 408-413页

作者： yoshitsugu Tajima Tamotsu Kuroki Ryuji Tsutsumi Ichiro Sakamoto Masataka Uetani Takashi Kanematsu Department of Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 1-7-1 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8501 Japan Department of Radiology and Radiation Biology Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 1-7-1 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8501 Japan

AIM: To evaluate the effects of extrahepatic collaterals to the liver on liver damage and patient outcome after embolotherapy for the ruptured hepatic artery pseudoa- neurysm following hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery. METHODS: We reviewed 9 patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for the ruptured hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following major hepato- biliary pancreatic surgery between June 1992 and April 2006. We paid special attention to the extrahepatic arte- rial collaterals to the liver which may affect post-TAE liver damage and patient outcome. RESULTS: The underlying diseases were all malignan- cies, and the surgical procedures included hepatopancre- atoduodenectomy in 2 patients, hepatic resection with removal of the bile duct in 5, and pancreaticoduodenec- tomy in 2. A total of 11 pseudoaneurysm developed: 4 in the common hepatic artery, 4 in the proper hepatic artery, and 3 in the right hepatic artery. Successful he- mostasis was accomplished with the initial TAE in all patients, except for 1. Extrahepatic arterial pathways to the liver, including the right inferior phrenic artery, the jejunal branches, and the aberrant left hepatic artery, were identified in 8 of the 9 patients after the completion of TAE. The development of collaterals depended on the extent of liver mobilization during the hepatic resection, the postoperative period, the presence or absence of an aberrant left hepatic artery, and the concomitant arte- rial stenosis adjacent to the pseudoaneurysm. The liver tolerated TAE without significant consequences when at least one of the collaterals from the inferior phrenic ar-tery or the aberrant left hepatic artery was present. One patient, however, with no extrahepatic collaterals died of liver failure due to total liver necrosis 9 d after TAE. CONCLUSION: When TAE is performed on ruptured hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, reduced collateral path- ways to the liver created by the primary surgical proce- dure and a short po

关键词： Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm Transcatheter arterial embolization Extrahepatic collateral pathways Liver damage Hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery

SEM Observation of the Wing Membrane of Beipiaopterus chenianus (Pterosauria)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第6期79卷 766-769页

作者： LU Junchang KOBAYASHI yoshitsugu YUAN Chongxi JI Shu＇an JI Qiang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Hokkaido University Museum Hokkaido UniversityN10 W8 Kita Ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan

The cross-section and surface structures of wing membranes from the ctenochasmatid pterosaur Beipiaopterus chenianus were observed through a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results show that the wing membrane contains a high density of blood vessels, implying strong thermoregulatory function, similar to that of a bat wing membrane. This is the first comparison of the microstmctures of pterosaur wing membranes with those of the modem bat. It is inferred that a bat-like physiology exists, at least in relatively small pterosaurs suggesting that these pterosaurs were warm-blooded, active fliers.

关键词： Beipiaopterus wing membrane microstructures SEM

Solitary recurrence of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in a mediastinai lymph node two years after curative resection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第15期13卷 2243-2246页

作者： Yuichiro Ito yoshitsugu Tajima Fumihiko Fujita Ryuji Tsutsumi Tamotsu Kuroki Takashi Kanematsu Department of Transplantation and Digestive Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 1-7-1 SakamotoNagasaki 852-8501Japan

We recently encountered an unusual case of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in which a solitary recurrence in a mediastinal lymph node occurred two years after curative resection of the primary tumor. A 64-year old woman was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of right hypochondrial discomfort. After imaging studies demonstrated a hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the left hepatic duct, a curative resection of the tumor was performed, consisting of a left hepatic lobectomy along with caudate lobectomy, regional lymph node dissection, and resection of the extrahepatic bile duct. No nodal metastasis was observed histologically. Two years after surgery, the patient was found to have a nodule in the posterior mediastinum, which was thoracoscopically resected. No other swollen lymph nodes, local recurrence, or distant metastasis were noted. Histologically, the nodule proved to be a metastatic lymph node, and adjuvant chemoradiation therapy was initiated. The patient remained well for the four years following her first operation and had no evidence of disease recurrence 28 mo after her second operation. To our knowledge, this case is the first report of solitary recurrence in a mediastinal lymph node after curative resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

关键词： Lymph node metastasis lediastinum Hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Effect of biliary obstruction and internal biliary drainage on hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第16期14卷 2556-2560页

作者： Shintaro Fukushima Hiroyasu Okuno Nobuyuki Shibatani yoshitsugu Nakahashi Toshihito Seki Kazuichi Okazaki Third Department of Internal Medicine Kansai Medical University Moriguchi

AIM: To investigate the total cytochrome P450 (CYP) content, microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO) activity, and expression of mRNAs for various CYP isozymes in a simple rat model of reversible obstructive jaundice. METHODS: Obstructive jaundice was created in male rats by causing bile duct obstruction with polyester tape. In another group of rats, bile duct obstruction was followed by internal biliary drainage after releasing the tape. The expression of various CYP isozyme mRNAs was semi-quantitatively assessed by competitive RT- PCR. RESULTS: The total CYP content and microsomal MFO activity showed a significant decrease after biliary obstruction, but returned to respective control levels after biliary drainage. A marked reduction in the expression of CYP1A2, 2B1/2, 2C11, 2E1, 3A1, and 3A2 mRNA was detected during biliary obstruction, while expression increased significantly toward the control level after biliary drainage. Although expression of CYP4A1 mRNA showed no reduction during biliary obstruction, it still increased significantly after biliary drainage. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that not only obstructive jaundice, but also the subsequent internal biliary drainage may affect regulatory medications of the synthesis of individual CYP isozymes differently.

关键词： Biliary obstruction Obstructive jaundice Biliary drainage Mixed-function oxidase P450 isozymes

Inflammatory cytokines promote inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated DNA damage in hamster gallbladder epithelial cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第47期13卷 6379-6384页

作者： Amane Kitasato yoshitsugu Tajima Tamotsu Kuroki Ryuji Tsutsumi Tomohiko Adachi Takehiro Mishima Takashi Kanematsu Department of Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences1-7-1 SakamotoNagasaki 852-8501Japan

AIM: To investigate the link between chronic biliary inflammation and carcinogenesis using hamster gallbladder epithelial cells. METHODS: Gallbladder epithelial cells were isolated from hamsters and cultured with a mixture of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β,interferon-γ,and tumor necrosis factor-α. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression,nitric oxide (NO) generation,and DNA damage were evaluated. RESULTS: NO generation was increased significantly following cytokine stimulation,and suppressed by an iNOS inhibitor. iNOS mRNA expression was demonstrated in the gallbladder epithelial cells during exposure to inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore,NO-dependent DNA damage,estimated by the comet assay,was significantly increased by cytokines,and decreased to control levels by an iNOS inhibitor. CONCLUSION: Cytokine stimulation induced iNOS expression and NO generation in normal hamster gallbladder epithelial cells,which was sufficient to cause DNA damage. These results indicate that NO-mediated genotoxicity induced by inflammatory cytokines through activation of iNOS may be involved in the process of biliary carcinogenesis in response to chronic inflammation of the biliary tree.

关键词： Biliary carcinoma Inflammation Inflammatory cytokine Nitric oxide Inducible nitric oxide synthase DNA damage Gallbladder epithelial cell Hamster