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The Mechanism of Decreased Serum Phosphorus Levels in Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease after Oral Administration of <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i>

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第7期5卷 531-540页

作者： Nobuo Nagano Mayuko Futaya Mamiko Kohno Osami Nakano Norihisa Nishida Yoichi Matsuura Mikiko Shimada Kyoko Ito Tetsuo ando Takaaki Tsutsui yoshitaka ando Kiyotsugu Omae Kosaku Nitta Hiroshi Sakura Tetsuya Ogawa Kidney Disease and Dialysis Center Hidaka-kai Takasaki Gunma Japan Department of Medicine Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East Tokyo Japan Research and Development Division Morishita Jintan Co. Ltd. Osaka Japan Department of Internal Medicine Yoshikawa Clinic Tokyo Japan Department of Medicine Kidney Center Tokyo Women’s Medical University Tokyo Japan

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are prone to disturbances in the intestinal microbiota, which contributes to CKD progression and complications. We previously reported a reduction of serum phosphorus (P) levels in hemodialysis patients receiving oral encapsulated bifidobacteria. The present study was conducted to clarify the mechanisms of P-lowering effect of bifidobacteria on CKD rats. CKD was induced in rats by 5/6 nephrectomy. Five weeks later, the rats were fed for 4 weeks on a powder diet containing encapsulated bifidobacteria. At the end of the study, intestinal contents were sampled for analyses of pH, intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Oral administration of bifidobacteria halted the onset and progression of hyperphosphatemia in CKD rats. The increased number of bifidobacteria was confirmed in the cecum. In addition, the increase in intestinal pH in CKD rats was decreased after bifidobacteria treatment, along with increases in some SCFAs. Furthermore, positive correlation between serum P levels and intestinal pH was observed. In conclusion, the mechanism for the P-lowering effect of bifidobacteria was supposed as follows: CKD conditions increase aerobic bacteria which hydrolyze urea into ammonia. Elevated pH decreases ionization of intestinal calcium (Ca) which leads to an increase in free phosphate ions through reduction of Ca phosphate crystal precipitation. Administered bifidobacteria fermented carbohydrates to produce SCFAs, resulting in acidification of the intestinal lumen. The resulting low intestinal pH increases Ca ionization, which binds with free phosphate ions as an intrinsic P binder, resulting in the reduction of serum P levels.

关键词： Bifidobacteria CKD-MBD Dysbiosis Hyperphosphatemia Intestinal pH Short-Chain Fatty Acids

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Mechanism of gastrointestinal abnormal motor activity induced by cisplatin in conscious dogs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15691-15702页

作者： Hiroyuki ando Erito Mochiki Tetsuro Ohno Mitsuhiro Yanai yoshitaka Toyomasu Kyoichi Ogata Yuichi Tabe Ryuusuke Aihara Toshihiro Nakabayashi Takayuki Asao Hiroyuki Kuwano Department of General Surgical Science Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine

AIM: To investigate whether 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin; 5-HT) is involved in mediating abnormal motor activity in dogs after cisplatin ***: After the dogs had been given a 2-wk recovery period, all of them were administered cisplatin, and the motor activity was recorded using strain gauge force transducers. Blood and intestinal fluid samples were collected to measure 5-HT for 24 h. To determine whether 5-HT in plasma or that in intestinal fluids is more closely related to abnormal motor activity we injected 5-HT into the bloodstream and the intestinal tract of the ***: Cisplatin given intravenously produced abnormal motor activity that lasted up to 5 h. From 3 to 4 h after cisplatin administration, normal intact dogs exhibited retropropagation of motor activity accompanied by emesis. The concentration of 5-HT in plasma reached the peak at 4 h, and that in intestinal fluids reached the peak at 3 h. In normal intact dogs with resection of the vagus nerve that were administered kytril, cisplatin given intravenously did not produce abnormal motor activity. Intestinal serotonin administration did not produce abnormal motor activity, but intravenous serotonin administration ***: After the intravenous administration of cisplatin, abnormal motor activity was produced in the involved vagus nerve and in the involved serotonergic neurons via another pathway. This study was the first to determine the relationship between 5-HT and emesis-induced motor activity.

关键词： Cisplatin Emesis 5-hydroxytryptamine Abnormal moto

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