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Cognitive Control and Brain Network Dynamics during Word Generation Tasks Predicted Using a Novel Event-Related Deep Brain Activity Method

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2018年第2期8卷 93-115页

作者： Emiko Imai yoshitada katagiri Department of Rehabilitation Science Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science Hyogo Japan Advanced ICT Research Institute National Institute of Information and Communication Technology Tokyo Japan

There is a growing interest in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with dementia and cognitive impairment at an early stage. Recent imaging studies have explored neural mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction based on brain network architecture and functioning. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is thought to regulate large-scale intrinsic brain networks, and plays a primary role in cognitive processing with the anterior insular cortex (aIC), thus providing salience functions. Although neural mechanisms have been elucidated at the connectivity level by imaging studies, their understanding at the activity level still remains unclear because of limited time-based resolution of conventional imaging techniques. In this study, we investigated temporal activity of the dACC during word (verb) generation tasks based on our newly developed event-related deep brain activity (ER-DBA) method using occipital electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha-2 powers with a time resolution of a few hundred milliseconds. The dACC exhibited dip-like temporal waveforms indicating deactivation in an initial stage of each trial when appropriate verbs were successfully generated. By contrast, monotonous increase was observed for incorrect responses and a decrease was detected for no responses. The dip depth was correlated with the percentage of success. Additionally, the dip depth linearly increased with increasing slow component of the DBA index at rest across all subjects. These findings suggest that dACC deactivation is essential for cognitive processing, whereas its activation is required for goal-oriented behavioral outputs, such as cued speech. Such dACC functioning, represented by the dip depth, is supported by the activity of the upper brainstem region including monoaminergic neural systems.

关键词： Deep Brain Activity Alpha-2 Wave Cognitive Processing Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Event-Related Deep Brain Activity Method

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Role of the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Relational Memory Formation: A Deep Brain Activity Index Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2018年第5期8卷 269-293页

作者： Ariko Araki Emiko Imai yoshitada katagiri Department of Rehabilitation Science Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science Kobe Hyogo Japan Advanced ICT Research Institute National Institute of Information and Communication Technology Koganei Tokyo Japan

The dorsal area of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) constructs the salience network associated with the anterior insular cortex. Conventional brain imaging studies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have demonstrated that relational memory formation occurs in the ACC. However, how such memory is encoded and retrieved remains unknown due to limited time resolution of conventional fMRI. This study aimed to investigate temporal dynamics of the dorsal ACC (dACC) during word-pair tasks based on a newly developed event-related deep brain activity (ER-DBA) method using occipital electroencephalogram (EEG) signal powers. The method assesses dACC activity at a temporal resolution of approximately 0.3 s beyond the conventional resolution limit. We found that transient deactivation of dACC during the presentation of the second word of each pair was essential for encoding success regardless of whether the words were related or unrelated. We also found that memory accuracy was not affected by the intervention of inter-trials until the recall trial. Taken together, these findings suggest that dACC deactivation for encoding success is accompanied with short-term potentiation essential for durability of memory. We further found that false memory formation associated with the presentation of word pairs was occasionally committed. In such cases, dACC exhibited a similar transient deactivation although false memory commission was independent of related or unrelated conditions. Our findings suggest that encoding and retrieval of associates are paralleled and that simultaneous production of associates seems to be an essential strategy for successful relational memory formation. The study was limited to the assessment of dACC activity and did not account for other regional brain activities or receptor regulation related to short-term potentiation. We detected fast behavior of dACC during relational memory formation using the novel ER-DBA method. Such temporal dynam

关键词： Relational Memory Word-Pair Task Event-Related Deep Brain Activity Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Temporal Dynamics

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Pain-Relief Effects of Aroma Touch Therapy with <i>Citrus junos</i>Oil Evaluated by Quantitative EEG Occipital Alpha-2 Rhythm Powers

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第1期4卷 11-22页

作者： Tomomi Bohgaki yoshitada katagiri Makoto Usami Advanced ICT Research Institute National Institute of Information and Communications TechnologyTokyo Japan College of Nursing Aichi Medical University Aichi Japan Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences Hyogo Japan

Aroma touch therapy is widely used in clinical fields for alleviating pain-related symptoms;however, few studies have reported the pain-relief mechanisms. The present study aimed to elucidate the analgesic effects of aroma touch therapy with Citrus junos oil based on the quantitative evaluation of deep brain network (DBN) activity using electroencephalogram (EEG) occipital alpha-2 rhythm (10-13 Hz) powers. Experimental investigations were performed with 13 healthy volunteers using the cold pressor task for simulating chronic pain in three different sessions: a baseline session with no therapies, a control session with a touch therapy, and an aroma touch therapy. We have found for the first time that the interviewed pain ratings represented by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores were strongly correlated with a DBN activity index, which was derived from the slow fluctuation components of occipital EEG alpha-2 rhythm powers. The correlation was characterized by a V-shaped curve in the DBN activity index versus the pain rating, i.e., the NRS score, which provided the complete analgesic states (NRS = 0) for some subjects under aroma touch therapy at an appropriate DBN activity index. Such analgesic states were not so strongly correlated with emotional valence. In conclusion, aroma touch therapy may directly modulate DBN activity so that pain-induced outcomes are minimized.

关键词： Aroma Touch Therapy Chronic Pain Encephalogram Occipital Alpha-2 Rhythm Citrus junos (Yuzu) Oil

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Individual Differences in Cognitive Performance Regulated by Deep-Brain Activity during Mild Passive Hyperthermia and Neck Cooling

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2016年第8期6卷 305-316页

作者： Emiko Imai yoshitada katagiri Hiroshi Hosaka Kiyoshi Itao Department of Rehabilitation Science Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science Hyogo Japan Advanced ICT Research Institute National Institute of Information and Communication Technology Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Frontier Science The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan The Advanced Institute of Wearable Environmental Information Networks Tokyo Japan

Hyperthermia-induced decline in cognitive performance is a moderate complication that poses challenges to the maintenance of safety. Although the underlying mechanism can be attributed to the disruption of brain networks, the propensity remains unclear. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the extent of the alterations in cognitive performance is governed by the activity of deep brain structures, including monoaminergic neural systems. A decline in cognitive performance during mild hyperthermia and the beneficial effects of neck cooling were demonstrated using the Continuous Performance Test as a battery of cognitive tasks. Aspects of cognitive performance were characterized using the deep-brain activity (DBA) index as a neural activity parameter and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to assess the extent of alterations in cognitive performance as an individual measure. It was found that a higher average DBA index during tasks is essential for high cognitive performance in the heat. This beneficial effect of DBA is governed by the upper brainstem. This DBA benefit is more significant for individuals with higher average DBA indices at rest in a normal environment. Individual differences in cognitive performance in the heat are governed by differences in DBA. In addition, the beneficial effect of DBA on cognitive performance in heat only applies under conditions including neck cooling. This limited neck-cooling effect is attributed to anti-homeostatic thermoregulatory responses to cognitive tasks regulated by DBA.

关键词： Cognitive Performance Hyperthermia Neck Cooling Deep Brain Electroencephalogram Alpha-2 Rhythm

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Brain Response to Aversive Taste for Investigating Taste Preference

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第1期4卷 43-48页

作者： Chenghong Hu yoshitada katagiri Yoshiko Kato Zhiwei Luo Center for Information and Neural Networks National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Osaka Japan Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University Hyogo Japan Graduate School of System Informatics Kobe University Hyogo Japan

To clarify the intrinsic food preference mechanism, we investigated brain neurophysiological responses to unpleasant gustatory stimuli using electroencephalogram (EEG) and near-infrared hemoencepalogram (NIR-HEG) simultaneously. A conventional delayed response task based on Go/Nogo paradigm was adopted to extract real brain response components from spontaneous background signals. We found excessive evoked EEG potential responses to both bitter and sour stimuli, while we didn’t find excessive changes in purified water condition. These potentials appeared before P3, hence, they potentially predicted unconscious attention to the gustatory stimuli. We also identified a late contingent negative variation (CNV) and corresponding P3 for sour stimulus. In addition, NIR-HEG responses showed relative changes for every stimulus and we considered that these NIR-HEG signal changes were attributed to the prefrontal cortex activity for regulating negative emotional valence against aversive tastes typically including sour and bitter. In spite of limitation to timing accuracy of taste presentations, the early markers found in this study could be fundamentals for investigating individual food preference.

关键词： Electroencephalogram (EEG) Near-Infrared Hemoencepalogram (NIR-HEG) Evoked Potential Bitter and Sour Taste Taste Preference

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