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谷川共同体论与家庭、宗族

中国社会历史评论 2020年第2期 198-214,299页

作者： [日]小林义广胡伟(译) 日本东海大学文学院不详

谷川道雄先生是战后日本中国史研究的代表性学者,其一生研究的轨迹主要可分为三期:第一期是在群众斗争史观指导下对唐中后期的民众叛乱的研究;第二期从"共同体"的视角考察了隋唐帝国的国家结构,揭示了豪族共同体在这一时期呈现的运动机... 详细信息

谷川道雄先生是战后日本中国史研究的代表性学者,其一生研究的轨迹主要可分为三期:第一期是在群众斗争史观指导下对唐中后期的民众叛乱的研究;第二期从"共同体"的视角考察了隋唐帝国的国家结构,揭示了豪族共同体在这一时期呈现的运动机制,并在宇都宫清吉先生的影响下逐步确立了"人间学"的志向;第三期用家庭(宗族)共同体与国家共同体的概念勾勒出中国古代社会的结构特点及演变过程,并对这一特点在现代社会的意义进行了探讨。理解谷川史学,对当今的中国史研究,具有重要的借鉴意义。

关键词：谷川道雄共同体论人家庭宗族

Impact of fecal occult blood on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding:Observational study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第1期21卷 326-332页

作者： Yuka kobayashi Hirotsugu Watabe Atsuo Yamada Hirobumi Suzuki yoshihiro Hirata Yutaka Yamaji Haruhiko Yoshida Kazuhiko Koike Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan

AIM: To elucidate the association between small bowel diseases(SBDs) and positive fecal occult blood test(FOBT) in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(OGIB).METHODS: Between February 2008 and August 2013, 202 patients with OGIB who performed both capsule endoscopy(CE) and FOBT were enrolled(mean age; 63.6 ± 14.0 years, 118 males, 96 previous overt bleeding, 106 with occult bleeding). All patients underwent immunochemical FOBTs twice prior to CE. Three experienced endoscopists independently reviewed CE videos. All reviews and consensus meeting were conducted without any information on FOBT results. The prevalence of SBDs was compared between patients with positive and negative ***: CE revealed SBDs in 72 patients(36%). FOBT was positive in 100 patients(50%) and negative in 102(50%). The prevalence of SBDs was significantly higher in patients with positive FOBT than those with negative FOBT(46% vs 25%, P = 0.002). In particular, among patients with occult OGIB, the prevalence of SBDs was higher in positive FOBT group than negative FOBT group(45% vs 18%, P = 0.002). On the other hand, among patients with previous overt OGIB, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of SBDs between positive and negative FOBT group(47% vs 33%, P = 0.18). In disease specific analysis among patients with occult OGIB, the prevalence of ulcer and tumor were higher in positive FOBT group than negative FOBT group. In multivariate analysis, only positive FOBT was a predictive factors of SBDs in patients with OGIB(OR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.4-4.6, P = 0.003). Furthermore, the trend was evidentam on g patients with occult OGIB who underwent FOBT on the same day or a day before CE. The prevalence of SBDs in positive vs negative FOBT group were 54% vs 13% in patients with occult OGIB who underwent FOBT on the same day or the day before CE(P = 0.001), while there was no significant difference between positive and negative FOBT group in those who underwent FOBT two or more d

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Fecal occult blood test Obscure

Hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in a glycogen storage disease patient

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World Journal of Hepatology 2012年第6期4卷 191-195页

作者： yoshihiro Mikuriya Akihiko Oshita Hirotaka Tashiro Hironobu Amano Tsuyoshi kobayashi Kouji Arihiro Hideki Ohdan Division of Frontier Medical Science Department of Surgery Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Hiroshima University 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku Hiroshima 734-8551 Japan Department of Pathology Hiroshima University Hospital1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku Hiroshima 734-8551 Japan

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia; also called von Gierke disease) is an autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency. There have been many reports describing hepatic tumors in GSD patients; however, most of these reports were of hepatocellular adenomas, whereas there are only few reports describing focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We report a case with GSD-Ia who had undergone a partial resection of the liver for FNH at 18 years of age and in whom moderately differentiated HCC had developed. Preoperative imaging studies, including ultrasonography, dynamic computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, revealed benign and malignant features. In particular, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT revealed the atypical findings that FDG accumulated at high levels in the non-tumorous hepatic parenchyma and low levels in the tumor. Right hemihepatectomy was performed. During the perioperative period, high-dose glucose and sodium bicarbonate were administered to control metabolic acidosis. He had multiple recurrences of HCC at 10 mo after surgery and was followed-up with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The tumor was already highly advanced when it was found by chance; therefore, a careful follow-up should be mandatory for GSD-I patients as they are at a high risk for HCC, similar to hepatitis patients.

关键词： Glycogen storage disease type Ia Hepato-cellular carcinoma Focal nodular hyperplasia Hepatectomy Metachronous

Sofosbuvir/Ribavirin therapy for patients experiencing failure of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + ribavirin therapy: Two cases report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第9期7卷 1043-1052页

作者： Ken Sato Yuichi Yamazaki Takeshi kobayashi Satoshi Takakusagi Norio Horiguchi Satoru Kakizaki Masayasu Andou yoshihiro Matsuda Toshio Uraoka Hiroshi Ohnishi Hiroaki Okamoto Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Division of Virology Department of Infection and Immunity Jichi Medical University School of Medicine

BACKGROUND The effectiveness of sofosbuvir/ribavirin(SOF/RBV) combination therapy,which is one of the 1 st-choice therapeutic options for patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotype 2(HCV-G2) in Japan according to the most recent version of the Japan Society of Hepatology guideline, for patients who experienced failure of the ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus ribavirin(OBV/PTV/r+RBV) combination therapy, which was another option for patients with HCV-G2, is *** SUMMARY We evaluated the effects of SOF/RBV combination therapy in two patients with genotype 2 a who could not achieve a sustained virological response(SVR) by OBV/PTV/r+RBV combination therapy. One patient was complicated with VogtKoyanagi-Harada(VKH) disease. Resistance-associated variations before SOF/RBV combination therapy were not detected in two patients. Both patients had an SVR at 12 wk after the treatment(SVR12). Regarding adverse events(AEs), itching, chill, a dull feeling in the throat and cough as well as increase of alanine transaminase level were shown in one patient, while a headache and deterioration of light aversion probably due to the recurrence of VKH disease were shown in the other patients. In addition, the latter patient developed arthralgia and morning stiffness approximately 7 wk after the therapy and turned out to be diagnosed with rheumatoid *** SOF/RBV therapy might be effective for patients experiencing failure of OBV/PTV/r+RBV therapy, but caution should be taken regarding the AEs.

关键词： Direct-acting antiviral agent failure Hepatitis C Genotype 2 Ribavirin Sofosbuvir Case report

Self-Efficacy as a Suicidal Ideation Predictor: A Population Cohort Study in Rural Japan

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第2期5卷 61-71页

作者： Yoshio kobayashi Koji Fujita yoshihiro Kaneko Yutaka Motohashi Department of Public Health Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Akita Japan Nakadori General Hospital Akita Japan Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan

Background: Self-efficacy has been widely studied in suicide, both in its causality and treatment effects. However, the evidence of causality is still ambiguous and there is a lack of generalizability. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and suicidal ideation through a population cohort study. Methods: The community-based household survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted in a rural area of Japan, Happo Town, in Akita Prefecture with community residents aged 30 and over at two respective time points by local health volunteers. The baseline survey was conducted in 2010 with a response rate of 88.9% (n = 6044). Among them, 3812 residents met the inclusion criteria for the follow-up survey in 2012 where the response rate was 75.3% (n = 2869). Exposure variables to suicidal ideation included demographic details, depression and self-efficacy. The Institutional Review Board and the Ethics Committee of Akita University approved the study protocol and all subjects signed informed consent. Results: A total number of 2105 participants (76.4%) without suicidal ideation in the baseline study were enrolled into the follow-up study, and 8.2% of them had developed suicidal ideation. These participants with suicidal ideation were significantly less likely to be married/cohabitant;they had worse subjective health, poorer self-perceived economic status, stronger depressive mood, and lower self-efficacy scores. The odds ratio of the self-efficacy scores at follow-up survey for participants who had developed suicidal ideation were about 2 times lower than at baseline (95% confidence interval = 1. 53 - 3.06). After adjusting for all confounding factors, the association was still significant (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.15 - 2.42). Conclusion: This result suggests that suicidal ideation may be prevented by increasing self-efficacy. We suggest that self-efficacy can be an effective tool for identifying people with suicidal ideation, an

关键词： Self-Efficacy Suicidal Ideation Mental Health Suicide Prevention Community Health

Dispersal Ability and Genetic Structure in Mytilid Mussels of Whale-Fall Communities

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2015年第3期5卷 295-305页

作者： Youki Fukasawa Haruna kobayashi-Iwatani Masaru Kawato Hideki kobayashi yoshihiro Fujiwara Jun-Ichi Miyazaki Graduate School of Medical and Engineering Science Department of Education University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Faculty of Education and Human Sciences University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Department of Marine Biodiversity Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan

Since organic falls are ephemeral and distributed sporadically, organisms in organic-fall communities must acquire high dispersal ability to migrate from one organic fall to another. However, the dispersal ability of obligate organic-fall organisms has not been investigated thoroughly and the stability of the genetic structure of their communities is unknown. In this study, in order to elucidate the dispersal ability and genetic structure in the organic-fall communities, we carried out population genetic analyses based on sequences of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 in two mytilid mussels.?Adipicola pacifica was obtained from whale and cow bones artificially settled in Japanese waters off Cape Noma (CN) and in the Nansei-Shoto Trench (NS) and Sagami Bay (SB), and Benthomodiolus geikotsucola from natural whale bones in the Torishima Seamount (TS);both species are symbiotic with chemoautotrophic bacteria. Genetic differentiation (Fst) indicated almost no annual change in genetic structure between 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2007 collections of A. pacificafrom CN (depth 225 - 229 m), although the 2010 collection had somewhat different genetic structure from the others. Similarly, there was not significant genetic differentiation between 1993 and 2005 collections of *** from TS (depth 4020 m). The Fst and gene bidirectional mean rate of gene flow (Nm) indicated high gene flow and no significant genetic differentiation between A. pacifica specimens collected from CN, NS, and SB. The results suggest that the genetic structure is stable and A. pacifica has high dispersal ability. The mismatch distribution suggests that A. pacificaexpanded their distribution from SB to NS via CN, as expansion time (τ = 2ut) decreased from SB to CN and NS.

关键词： Chemosynthesis-Based Community Mitochondrial DNA Organic Falls Stepping Stone Hypothesis

Carcinosarcoma of the liver with mesenchymal differentiation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第5期13卷 809-812页

作者： Shinichi Sumiyoshi Masataka Kikuyama Yuji Matsubayashi Fujito Kageyama yoshihiro Ide Yoshimasa kobayashi Hirotoshi Nakamura Department of Gastroenterology Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital Hamamatsu Japan Department of Pathology Hamamatsu Rosai Hos-pital Hamamatsu Japan Second Division Department of Internal Medicine Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan

We report an extremely rare case where a mesenchymal differentiation, especially embryonal sarcoma, was demonstrated in cholangiocarcinoma. At autopsy, a yellowish-white tumor （15 cm× 12 cm） was found in the right hepatic lobe, and there were several daughter nodules in both hepatic lobes. Histologically, most of the main tumor and all of the daughter nodules examined showed sarcomatous changes （spindle cells, pleomorphic ceils and hyalization）. Histologic examination of a part of the main tumor disclosed a focus of adenocarcinoma within the tumor. The frequent transitions between the adenocarcinomatous areas and the sarcomatous areas suggested that sarcomatous transformation occurred in the cholangiocarcinoma and then spread rapidly. Immunohistochemically, the adenocarcinomatous elements were positive for cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and epithelial membrane antigen, and negative in the sarcomatous cells. Vimentin was positive only in the sarcomatous elements. The findings of the present case support the view that carcinosarcomas represent carcinomas that develop sarcomatous elements via metaplasia of the epithelial element.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Carcinosarcoma Mesenchymal differentiation

Mallet Toe of the Hallux Treated by Bridging Suture Technique Using Suture Anchors: A Case Report and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2019年第5期9卷 123-129页

作者： Akira Ando Tsutomu kobayashi Masashi Koide Michimasa Matsuda yoshihiro Hagiwara Eiji Itoi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Matsuda Hospital Sendai Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tohoku University School of Medicine Sendai Japan

An avulsion fracture of the extensor hallucis longus at the distal end of the great toe is called “mallet toe” of the hallux. It is a rare injury and the treatment options are conservative treatment using a splint, percutaneous or open Kirschner wire fixation similar to that in the mallet finger, or suture anchor fixation. We present a case treated by the bridging technique using two suture anchors. A 57-year-old Japanese man injured his left great toe after a fall while walking barefoot on the bed. His great toe was forced into a hyperplantarflexion position. Plain radiography and computed tomography showed a small bone fragment at the base of the dorsal distal phalanx, suggesting an avulsion fracture of the extensor hallucis longus. He was treated by bridging suture technique with two suture anchors. At first, two suture anchors were inserted to the fracture bed of the distal phalanx, and then the bone fragment and extensor hallucis longus tendon were secured with two horizontal mattress sutures. Finally, bridging sutures were performed using the remaining sutures and the sutures used for mattress suturing. He obtained bony union and symmetric range of motion of the interphalangeal joint. This technique allowed us to fix the small bone fragment rigidly and mobilize the interphalangeal joint earlier to preserve the range of motion. It would be a valuable procedure when the bone fragment is small.

关键词： Mallet Toe Hallux Avulsion Fracture Extensor Hallucis Longus Suture Anchor

Effects of soil profile and characteristic of exciting force on propagation of ground vibrations

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2012年第3期20卷 129-137页

作者： Sunao KUNIMATSU yoshihiro HIRAO Yasutoshi KITAMURA Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8567 Japan kobayashi Institute of Physical Research 3-20-41 Higashi-Motomachi Kokubunji Tokyo 185-0020 Japan Construction Engineering Research Institute Foundation 1-3-10 Turukabuto Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-0011 Japan

Ground-borne vibrations caused by vibration sources such as road traffic and construction exhibit complicated properties during propagation from the vibration source to the inside of a building. In the present paper, a numerical analysis technique for the system of vibration source and propagation path of ground vibration is developed in order to systematically determine the propagation properties of the vibration as part of developing a predictive technique for exposure evaluations by vibrations in three directions at receiving points of vibration in the human body. First, the exciting forces in three directions for input into the numerical computation are inversely-estimated by using the measured acceleration rec- ords of the measurement points, which are near the vibration source. The thin-layered element method is used for numerical computation of the ground vibration. Then, the calculation results for the ground vibration obtained by using the estimated exciting force are compared with the measured results, and the influence of the stratified structure of the ground on the exciting force and the propagation properties of the ground vibration are studied. From these results, in a prediction of the ground vibration in three directions, it is emphasized that it is necessary to consider the influence of horizontal exciting force, although attention has been paid to only the vertical exciting force for simulating ground vibration.

关键词： ground-borne vibration vibration source exciting force stratified structure soil profile