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Influence of Different Plant Materials in Combination with Chicken Manure on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Contents and Vegetable Yield

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 510-521页

作者： Richard Ansong OMARI Han Phyo AUNG Mudan HOU Tadashi YOKOYAMA Siaw ONWONA-AGYEMAN Yosei OIKAWA yoshiharu fujii Sonoko Dorothea BELLINGRATH-KIMURA 1 United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3-5-8 Fuchu Tokyo183-8509 Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3-5-8 Fuchu Tokyo183-8509 Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research Institute of Land Use Systems Eberswalder str. 84 15374 Muencheberg

The use of plant materials as soil amendments is an uncommon practice amongst major farming communities in Ghana, although it is necessary for soil fertility improvement. An examination of the effects of soil amendments is necessary to encourage the use of under-utilized organic resources in Ghana. Thus, a field experiment was conducted using 8 different tropical plant materials mixed with chicken manure as soil amendments for growth of tomato as a test crop. The plant materials included Leucaena leueocephala, Centrosema pubescens, Sesbania sesban, Gliricidia sepium, Mucuna pruriens, Pueraria phaseoloides, Azadirachta indiea, and Theo- broma cacao. There were two other treatments： one with equivalent amounts of chemical fertilizers and the other with no-fertilizer input （control）. Plant materials were mixed with chicken manure to obtain a uniform carbon-to-nitrogen （C：N） ratio of 5：1. Except the no-fertilizer control, all treatments received the same amount of nitrogen （N）. To clarify the decomposition pattern of the plant materials in soil, an incubation experiment was conducted using only the plant materials before the field experiment. The Glirieidia treatment released significantly more mineral N than the other plant materials in the incubation experiment. However, the tomato fruit yield was not enhanced in the Gliricidia treatment in the field experiment. The known quality parameters of the tested plant materials, such as total N, total carbon （C）, C：N ratio, and total polyphenols, had minimal effects on their mineralization dynamics. Azadirachta showed the best synergistic effect with chicken manure through significantly increasing soil microbial biomass and fruit yield of tomato. This result provides insights into the possible adoption of Azadirachta in combination with chicken manure as a soil amendment in small-scale agricultural holdings.

关键词： C:N ratio microbial biomass mineralization pattern organic material soil amendment synergy

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INVASIVE ALIEN PLANTS AND ALLELOPATHY

INVASIVE ALIEN PLANTS AND ALLELOPATHY

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中国第三届植物化感作用学术研讨会;第八届全国杂草科学大会;联合国粮农组织——中国“水稻化感作用论坛”

作者： yoshiharu fujii Leader Invasive Alien Species Research ProjectNational Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences3-1-3 Kan-nondaiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8604Japan

Recently,the movement of people and substances is becoming more active as human activity and living organisms are being introduced into new regions in a manner that exceeds the living organisms’natura

关键词： invasive alien plants allelopathy natural toxin mitigation biodiversity

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Evaluation of Isoflavones as Allelochemicals with Strong Allelopathic Activities of Kudzu Using Protoplast Co-Culture Method with Digital Image Analysis

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第3期12卷 376-393页

作者： Kentaro Kobayashi Hamako Sasamoto Yutaka Sasamoto Akifumi Sugiyama yoshiharu fujii Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH) Kyoto University Uji Japan

The inhibitory allelopathic activity of Pueraria montana (Kudzu), and activities of two putative allelochemical isoflavones, puerarin and daidzein, were evaluated using the protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis using lettuce as a recipient (DIA-PP method). Cotyledon protoplasts of Kudzu were isolated using Cellulase R10 and Driselase 20 in 0.6 M mannitol solution. Optimal hormonal condition and density for growth of Kudzu protoplasts were surveyed. Medium for co-culture of Kudzu or isoflavones with lettuce protoplasts was 50 μl liquid MS basal medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.1 μM benzyladenine, 3% sucrose, and 0.4 M or 0.6 M mannitol. Protoplast division of lettuce was strongly inhibited by Kudzu at a low density (104/ml). Slightly less inhibition by Kudzu on cell wall formation and yellow pigment accumulation stages of lettuce growth was also observed. Puerarin did not inhibit the growth of lettuce protoplasts at three growth stages but slightly stimulated growth at high concentrations. By contrast, daidzein, aglycon of puerarin, inhibited growth at three stages of lettuce protoplast growth and strongly inhibited cell division at 100 μM. Daidzein might be one cause of the strong inhibitory allelopathic activity of Kudzu. Grade of inhibitory activities was compared with that of other allelopathic plants including an invader plant and their allelochemicals studied using the DIA-PP method.

关键词： Allelopathy Bioassay Daidzein Isoflavone Protoplast Culture Puerarin

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Screening of the Growth-Inhibitory Effects of 168 Plant Species against Lettuce Seedlings

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 1095-1104页

作者： Tomoko Takemura Emi Sakuno Tsunashi Kamo Syuntaro Hiradate yoshiharu fujii Biodiversity Division National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences Tsukuba Japan.

The methanol extracts of 168 plant species from 68 families were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against lettuce seedling elongation. Among the plant species tested, 12 species had EC50 values for radicle growth inhibition ranging from 0.01 to 5.00 mg fresh weight equivalent mL-1. Enterolobium contortisiliquum, a traditionally used herbal medicine, exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity (estimated EC50: 0.28 fresh weight equivalent mL-1). Among the 12 species, Pachysandra terminalis, Tamarindus indica, and Albizia guachapele required investigation, because only little has been reported about their chemical constituents to date. The data in the present study would be useful in finding new lead compounds for natural herbicides.

关键词： Screening EC50 Allelochemical Plant Growth Inhibition

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Strong Allelopathic Activities of Leaves and Cultured Cells of Spiraea thunbergiiAssayed by the Protoplast Co-Culture Method with Digital Image Analysis: Evaluation of Cis- and Trans-Cinnamic Acid as Allelochemicals

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第11期12卷 1673-1690页

作者： Sakae Suzuki Mari Kimura Rei Yasuda Naoya Wasano Yutaka Sasamoto yoshiharu fujii Hamako Sasamoto Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu Japan Institute of Biological Control Faculty of Agriculture Kyusyu University Fukuoka Japan

The inhibitory allelopathic activities of leaves and leaf-origin suspension cultured cells of Spiraea thunbergii, and putative allelochemicals, cis- and trans-cinnamic acid, were investigated by the protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis (DIA-PP method) using lettuce as a recipient. The optimal conditions of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzyladenine (BA) for the cell division of S. thunbergii protoplasts were first examined using 50 μL liquid MS basal medium containing 3% sucrose, and 0.8 M mannitol in a 96-well culture plate. The hormonal condition for co-culture, 1 μM 2,4-D plus 0.1 μM BA, which was optimal for lettuce protoplast growth, was sub-optimal for S. thunbergii protoplasts. Effects of co-culture on the three stages of lettuce protoplast growth, i.e., cell wall formation, cell division, and yellow pigment accumulation, were examined. Protoplasts of leaf and suspension cells of S. thunbergii strongly inhibited lettuce protoplast growth at the cell division stage (100% inhibition at 80 - 100 × 103 mL-1), but not so much at the other two stages. Both cis- and trans-cinnamic acid, showed the strongest inhibition at the cell wall formation stage, and 100% inhibition at the cell division stage at 100 μM. These results were compared with those obtained in a lettuce seedling growth test, using different allelopathic plants, and their allelochemicals were studied by the DIA-PP method.

关键词： Allelopathy Cinnamic Acid Protoplast Co-Culture Spiraea thunbergii

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外来入侵杂草空心莲子草与本土杂草莲子草的化感作用潜力比较

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中国水稻科学 2007年第1期21卷 84-89页

作者：余柳青 yoshiharu fujii 周勇军张建萍陆永良玄松南中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室浙江杭州310006 日本国立农业环境技术研究所

为确定外来入侵杂草空心莲子草的化感作用潜力,以我国本土生长的莲子草为对照采用“三明治”生测法,测定了空心莲子草和莲子草及其不同器官对靶标莴苣和无芒稗根长和芽长的抑制率。结果表明,空心莲子草叶片处理对莴苣和无芒稗根长的抑... 详细信息

为确定外来入侵杂草空心莲子草的化感作用潜力,以我国本土生长的莲子草为对照采用“三明治”生测法,测定了空心莲子草和莲子草及其不同器官对靶标莴苣和无芒稗根长和芽长的抑制率。结果表明,空心莲子草叶片处理对莴苣和无芒稗根长的抑制率分别为81%和51%,对莴苣和无芒稗芽长的抑制率分别为49%和48%,显著高于空白对照。但与莲子草相比,差异不显著。空心莲子草根系对莴苣的根长平均抑制率为54%,显著高于茎和叶片。随着样品用量增加,空心莲子草对莴苣根长的抑制率显著提高,其50mg叶片处理对莴苣根长的抑制率为83%,显著高于10mg处理的54%和30mg处理的61%。

关键词：空心莲子草莲子草化感作用入侵杂草无芒稗

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水生生物型空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)对环境因子的反应及与水稻的竞争

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中国水稻科学 2007年第2期21卷 209-214页

作者：余柳青 yoshiharu fujii 周勇军张建萍陆永良玄松南中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室浙江杭州310006 日本国立农业环境技术研究所

为明确环境因子对水生生物型空心莲子草生活力的影响以及空心莲子草与水稻的竞争关系,采用生物测定方法,分析了低温、干燥、盐碱、水层等因子对空心莲子草茎的活棵率、繁殖茎数和植株生物量的影响,还研究了不同种群密度的空心莲子草对... 详细信息

为明确环境因子对水生生物型空心莲子草生活力的影响以及空心莲子草与水稻的竞争关系,采用生物测定方法,分析了低温、干燥、盐碱、水层等因子对空心莲子草茎的活棵率、繁殖茎数和植株生物量的影响,还研究了不同种群密度的空心莲子草对水稻产量性状的影响。空心莲子草茎在4℃低温随后常温处理的活棵率达84%,而在-20℃随后常温处理后完全失去生活力;在含水量为30.2%时,空心莲子草茎的活棵率、繁殖茎数和植株鲜质量比鲜样(含水量93.5%)处理的分别下降了45%、33%和74%;0.1%盐碱水溶液处理就可使空心莲子草茎基本失去生活力;水生生物型空心莲子草茎在土壤湿润和不同水层条件下都能够成活和生长。在水稻100株/m2条件下,接种空心莲子草茎23～360株/m2使水稻减产43%～53%。

关键词：空心莲子草水生生物型水稻环境因子生活力竞争力

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Response of Exotic Invasive Weed Alternanthera philoxeroides to Environmental Factors and Its Competition with Rice

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Rice science 2007年第1期14卷 49-55页

作者： YU Liu-qing yoshiharu fujii ZHOU Yong-jun ZHANG Jian-ping Lu Yong-liang XUAN Song-nan State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 China National Institute for Agro-Environmental Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the influence of the environmental factors such as low-temperature, drought stress, salt-alkali and flooding on the survival rate, propagation rate, fresh biomass and viability of the Altemanthera philoxeroides and its competitive ability against rice by using bioassay method. A high viability of 84% was found when the stems were treated at 4℃ and then grew under normal conditions, while no viable plant was noted when the stems were treated at -20℃ and grew under normal conditions. Compared to the fresh stem with water content of 93.5%, the survival rate, number of propagated stems and fresh biomass of A. philoxeroides derived from the stems with water content of 30.2% were reduced by 45%, 33% and 74% respectively. The treatments of 0.1% salt-alkaline solution led to loss of viability of A, philoxeroides. The stems of A. philoxeroides could grow in wet soil with different depths of water-layer. The A. philoxeroides at density of 23-180 plants/m^2 reduced the rice grain yield by 43-50% at the rice plant density of 100 plants/m^2.

关键词： Altemanthera philoxeroides hydrophytic type environmental factor rice viability competitive ability

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Cardiogenic Shock Caused by a Large Sub-Epicardial Hematoma Complicating Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2015年第6期4卷 233-236页

作者： yoshiharu Higuchi Daisuke Fukamachi Nobuyuki fujii Toshihiko Nishida Atsushi Hirayama Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

A 56-year-old man with a history of old myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass grafting was performed percutaneous coronary intervention to the totally occluded lesion of native left anterior descending artery. He developed a coronary arterial perforation that led to a large dissecting sub-epicardial hematoma. Emergent surgery was performed, and a large hematoma was removed from the sub-epicardial space. Continuous drainage of blood was observed after surgery, and the patient died due to the development of multiorgan dysfunction. An autopsy revealed an extensive sub-epicardial hematoma on the lateral wall of the left ventricle and broad necrosis of the myocardium in the lateral wall.

关键词： Sub-Epicardial Hematoma Cardiac Tamponade Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

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