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Optimizing Tax Services to Improve the Business Environment in Ethiopia

Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2023年第1期4卷 71-74页

作者： yoseph shiferaw Hundessa Revenues Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

This article sets out framework for measures which have been taken by the Government of Ethiopia to optimize tax services in Ethiopia.A set of measures among others which potentially influence taxpayer services such as legislation changes,information technology modernization,introducing compliance risk management and standard taxpayers’services are explicitly discussed.

关键词： Tax service Business environment Fiscal incentive Tax transformation

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Antimicrobial activity and DNA-fragmentation effect of isoflavonoids isolated from seeds of Millettia ferruginea,an endemic legume tree in Ethiopia

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第7期4卷 556-563页

作者： Manash Kumar Choudhury yoseph shiferaw Kumar Ranabir Sur Diganta Dey Sukalyani Debnath Subhalakshmi Ghosh Ratnamala Ray Banasri Hazra Department of Chemistry Dilla UniversityDillaP.O.Box 419Ethiopia Department of Chemistry R.K.Mission Vivekananda Centenary CollegeRaharaKolkata 700068India Department of Microbiology Ashok Laboratory Clinical Testing Centre Private LimitedKolkata 700068India Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Jadavpur UniversityKolkata 700032India

Objective:To investigate the seeds of Millettia ferruginea(***)to unravel its antibacterial,antifungal,antitubercular,and antileishmanial potential for the first ***:*** seeds were refluxed separately with chloroform,methanol and water to prepare the three extracts,which were tested against the reference strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,yeast cells,Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Leishmania donovani(***)***,the seeds were chemically analysed to isolate three constituent compounds,viz.,barbigerone,calopogonium isoflavone-A and durmillone,which were purified,characterised and evaluated for antibacterial and antileishmanial ***,Comet assay was conducted to observe DNA fragmentation effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells pretreated with the isoflavonoid ***:The chloroform and methanol extracts of *** seeds exhibited antibacterial and antileishmanial *** pure compounds also showed inhibitory activity against Gram-negative ATCC strains(minimum inhibitory concentration~0.5μmol/L),and *** promastigotes(IC_(50)8.2-87.3μg/mL).However,they had little or no activity against yeast cells and tubercle *** DNA fragmentation study showed that the isoflavonoid constituents of *** seeds were safe at therapeutic ***:The antibacterial efficacy of the non-aqueous extracts of *** seed was observed against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative ATCC ***,the constituents isoflavonoids,viz.,barbigerone,calopogonium isoflavone-A and durmillone,exhibited inhibitory activity against Gram-negative ATCC strains and *** *** comet assay showed that the compounds were safe to be considered for human consumption.

关键词： Millettia ferruginea Calopogonium isoflavone-A Barbigerone Durmillone Antileishmanial activity Comet assay Antibacterial activity Isoflavonoids

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