AIM:To evaluate the possibility of an association between polyethylene glycol(PEG) and acute renal failure(ARF) in elderly patients using a health insurance claims ***:We conducted a population-based casecrossover stu...
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AIM:To evaluate the possibility of an association between polyethylene glycol(PEG) and acute renal failure(ARF) in elderly patients using a health insurance claims ***:We conducted a population-based casecrossover study using information obtained from Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) claims from January 1,2005 to December 31,2005(Seoul,Korea).The study population consisted of elderly patients who received PEG prior to experiencing their first ARF-related hospitalization from April 1,2005 to December 31,*** each patient,one case and two control periods were *** use in a 2-or 4-wk window period prior to hospitalization for ARF was compared with PEG use in two earlier 2-or 4-wk control window *** logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios(ORs) and 95% CI,adjusting for concomitant uses of diuretics,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,antibiotics,anti-cancer drugs,and contrast ***:Within the HIRA database which contained 1 093 262 elderly patients,1156 hospitalized ARF cases were *** these cases,PEG was prescribed to 17(1.5%) patients before *** adjusted ORs when applying the 2-and 4-wk window periods were 0.4(95% CI:0.03-5.24) and 2.1(95% CI:0.16-27.78),***:No increased risk of ARF was found in elderly PEG ***,based on the limited number of study subjects,further analysis should be performed to confirm these results.
Highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment containing various protumoral immune cells accelerates malignant transformation and treatment *** particular,tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),as the predominant infilt...
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Highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment containing various protumoral immune cells accelerates malignant transformation and treatment *** particular,tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),as the predominant infiltrated immune cells in a tumor,play a pivotal role in regulating the immunosuppressive tumor *** a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract TAMs,here we explore an exosome-guided in situ direct reprogramming of tumor-supportive M2-polarized TAMs into tumor-attacking M1-type *** derived from M1-type macrophages(M1-Exo)promote a phenotypic switch from anti-inflammatory M2-like TAMs toward pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophages with high conversion *** M1 macrophages possessing protein-expression profiles similar to those of classically activated M1 macrophages display significantly increased phagocytic function and robust cross-presentation ability,potentiating antitumor immunity surrounding the ***,these M1-Exo also lead to the conversion of human patient-derived TAMs into M1-like macrophages that highly express MHC class II,offering the clinical potential of autologous and allogeneic exosome-guided direct TAM reprogramming for arming macrophages to join the fight against cancer.
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