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Spatial-temporal characteristics of drought detected from meteorological data with high resolution in Shaanxi Province, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第4期12卷 561-579页

作者： WANG Yudan KONG Yunfeng CHEN Hao ding yongjian College of Environment and Planning Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Ministry of EducationHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China School of Geography and Environment Baoji University of Arts and SciencesBaoji 721013China Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

The spatial pattern of meteorological factors cannot be accurately simulated by using observations from meteorological stations(OMS) that are distributed sparsely in complex terrain. It is expected that the spatial-temporal characteristics of drought in regions with complex terrain can be better represented by meteorological data with the high spatial-temporal resolution and accuracy. In this study, Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI) calculated with meteorological factors extracted from ITPCAS(China Meteorological Forcing Dataset produced by the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences) was applied to identify the spatial-temporal characteristics of drought in Shaanxi Province of China, during the period of 1979–2016. Drought areas detected by SPEI calculated with data from ITPCAS(SPEI-ITPCAS) on the seasonal scale were validated by historical drought records from the Chinese Meteorological Disaster Canon-Shaanxi, and compared with drought areas detected by SPEI calculated with data from OMS(SPEI-OMS). Drought intensity, trend and temporal ranges for mutations of SPEI-ITPCAS were analyzed by using the cumulative drought intensity(CDI) index and the Mann-Kendall test. The results indicated that drought areas detected from SPEI-ITPCAS were closer to the historical drought records than those detected from SPEI-OMS. Severe and exceptional drought events with SPEI-ITPCAS lower than –1.0 occurred most frequently in summer, followed by spring. There was a general drying trend in spring and summer in Shaanxi Province and a significant wetting trend in autumn and winter in northern Shaanxi Province. On seasonal and annual scales, the regional and temporal ranges for mutations of SPEI-ITPCAS were different and most mutations occurred before the year 1990 in most regions of Shaanxi Province. The results reflect the response of different regions of Shaanxi Province to climate change, which will help to manage regional water resources

关键词： SPEI drought areas meteorological data cumulative drought intensity drying trend wetting trend

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Climate-driven acceleration of glacier mass loss on global and regional scales during 1961–2016

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第4期64卷 589-599页

作者： Yaojun LI yongjian ding Donghui SHANGGUAN Fengjing LIU Qiudong ZHAO Slate Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China-Pakislan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences CAS-HECIslamabad 45320Pakistan School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science.Michigan Technological University Houghton M149931USA

During the past decades, glacier mass loss is becoming increasingly significant worldwide but knowledge about the acceleration is still limited despite its potentially profound impacts on sea level rise, water resources availability and glacial hazards. In this study, we analyzed the acceleration of glacier mass loss based on in-situ measurements and on the latest compilation dataset of direct and geodetic observations for the period 1961–2016. The results showed that the rate of glacier mass loss has increased worldwide during the past decades. At the global scale, the rate of glacier mass loss has been accelerating at 5.76±1.35 Gt a-2 as well as 0.0074±0.0016 m w.e.a-2 on mass balance(refer to the area-averaged mass change value) during the whole period. At regional scales, for mass change rate, the heavily glacierized regions excluding Antarctic and Subantarctic exhibited a larger acceleration compared to other regions. The highest acceleration of mass change was found in Alaska glaciers(1.33±0.47 Gt a-2) over the full period. As for mass balance, high acceleration occurred on the regions with small glaciers as well as on the heavily glacierized regions. Central Europe exhibited the highest acceleration(0.024±0.0088 m w.e.a-2) during 1961–2016. High level of consistency between the acceleration and temperature implies that climate warming had a significant effect on the accelerating of glacier mass loss. Moreover, acceleration of the contribution from the Greenland ice sheet(0.028 to0.070 mm a-2) and Antarctic ice sheet(0.023 to 0.058 mm a-2) to sea level rise exceeds acceleration of the contribution from global glaciers(0.019±0.013 mm a-2). These results will improve our understanding of the glacier retreat in response to climate change and provide critical information for improving mitigation strategies for impacts that may be caused by glacier melting.

关键词： Glaciers Mass loss Acceleration Climate warming

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Changes in stress within grassland ecosystems in the three counties of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

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Journal of Arid Land 2010年第2期2卷 116-122页

作者： Fang, YiPing Qin, DaHe ding, yongjian Chinese Acad Sci Inst Mt Disaster & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China

Based on a database of more than 40 years of second production process and energy flow records for Maduo,Qumalai and Yushu counties,a dynamic model of the stress within grassland ecosys-tems was established using a nonlinear regression method for this source regions of the Yangtze and Yel-low *** results show that dynamic curves of stress within grassland ecosystems in the three coun-ties were in the shape of an inverted 'U' during the period *** also revealed that the variation in actual amount of livestock inventories reflected the general trends of the stress within the grassland eco-systems in the source regions,although there were many other factors for the increase or reduction in grassland ecosystem stress.

关键词： the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers the stress within grassland ecosystems inverted 'U' model driver

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Global warming weakening the inherent stability of glaciers and permafrost

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Science Bulletin 2019年第4期64卷 245-253页

作者： yongjian ding Shiqiang Zhang Lin Zhao Zhongqin Li Shichang Kang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy Sciences Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Northwest University College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest University State Cryosphere Monitor and Research Station Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences State Glacier Monitor and Research Station Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Cryosphere has been undergoing a worldwide retreat, as seen in the decrease in the areal extent and volume of glaciers and in the areal extent of permafrost. This paper presents a systematic examination of the inherent stability changes of glaciers and permafrost caused by warming. Various study results suggest that over the past 30 years, the internal temperature of glaciers and permafrost exhibits an overall accelerating warming trend. The warming rate peaked in the mid-2000s and slowed slightly for several years afterward. In recent years, however, the warming rate has seemed to pick up again. The warming of glaciers and permafrost has exerted great impact on their stability, displayed as intensified melting,increased glacier surging, enlargement of supraglacial lakes, and increased permafrost *** without a future temperature increase, some glaciers will continue to shrink, and the number of surging glaciers will increase. The transition from low-temperature to high-temperature permafrost is a noticeable warning sign of a comprehensive degradation of permafrost. These results indicate that‘‘warming" glaciers and permafrost will exert significant impacts on the hydrology, ecology, and stability of engineering in cold regions.

关键词： Warming Englacial temperature Permafrost temperature Internal thermal state Stability

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Key Issues on Cryospheric Changes,Trends and Their Impacts

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2010年第1期1卷 1-10页

作者： Dahe Qin yongjian ding State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Lanzhou 73000 China China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

On the basis of analyzing the importance of cryospheric researches in China and current status of cryospheric sciences in the world, this paper addresses key issues and main contents of present cryospheric sciences in China. The key issues currently addressed are： i） mechanisms of different types of glaciers in response to climate change and the scale-conversion in water resources assessments; ii） modeling of water and heat exchanges between frozen soil and vegetation; iii） parameterization of physical processes in cryosphere as well as coupling with climate models. To gain full clarification of these key issues, works of the following three aspects should be highlighted, i.e., cryospheric processes and responses to climate change, influences of cryospheric changes, and adaptation strategies for cryospheric changes.

关键词： cryosphere climate change impact water resources

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Changes in physical features of Glacier No. 1 of the Tianshan Mountains in response to climate change

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第26期56卷 2820-2827页

作者： LI XiangYing ding yongjian YE BaiSheng HAN Tianding Institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

This study analyzes the changes in glacier zones and snow composition of Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains of China since 1961,and their possible relations with *** is found that precipitation dominated the snow composition and that air temperature and precipitation controlled the distribution of glacier zones,but interannual change in precipitation had a relatively large effect on glacier zones and snow composition during 1963–1981 (P10) and 1963–1989 (P11).However,during 1982–2007 (P20) and 1990–2007 (P21),the air temperature rise (0.57°C/10 a for P20,0.76°C/10 a for P21) was more influential than the precipitation increase (51.3 mm/10 a for P20),and air temperature was principally responsible for the evolution of glacier zones and snow composition most probably resulting from recent climate warming.

关键词：冰川区气候变化物理特性天山空气温度降水分布气候关系年际变化

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Integrated modeling environment and a preliminary application on the Heihe River Basin, China

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第8期54卷 2145-2156页

作者： NAN ZhuoTong SHU LeLe ZHAO YanBo LI Xin ding yongjian Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Environmental and water issues are essentially complex interdisciplinary problems. Multiple models from different disciplines are usually integrated to solve those problems. Integrated modeling environment is an effective technical approach to model integration. Although a number of modeling environments worldwide are available, they cannot meet current challenges faced. Their old-fashion designs and original development purposes constrain their possible applications to the domain of hydrologic or land surface modeling. One of the challenges is that we intend to link knowledge database or ontology system to the modeling environment in order to make the modeling support more intelligent and powerful. In this paper, we designed and implemented an integrated modeling environment (HIME) for hydrological and land surface modeling purpose in a much extendable, efficient and easy use manner. With such design, a physical process was implemented as a module, or component. A new model can be generated in an intuitive way by linking module icons together and establishing their relationships. Following an introduction to the overall architecture, the designs for module linkage and data transfer between modules are described in details. Using XML based meta-information, modules in either source codes or binary form can be utilized by the environment. As a demonstration, with the help of HIME, we replaced the evaporation module of TOPMODEL with the evapotranspiration module from the Noah land surface model which explicitly accounts for vegetation transpiration. This example showed the effectiveness and efficiency of the modeling environment on model integration.

关键词： modeling environment the Heihe River Basin TOPMODEL Noah LSM

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Regional difference of annual precipitation and discharge variation over west China during the last 50 years

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第6期50卷 936-945页

作者： ding yongjian YE BaiSheng HAN Tianding SHEN YongPing LIU ShiYin Cold&Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute(CAREERI) Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Using annual precipitation and discharge data measured in the past five decades,this paper analyzed the regional differences over west China in terms of climate and discharge variations,and investigated the relationship between the regional characteristics and the activities of South and East Asian sum-mer monsoon. Results revealed that the precipitation and discharge in the upper reaches of the Yellow River (Central West China) have a negative correlation with those in Xinjiang (northwest China) and the Yarlung Zangbo River (the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra Rive,southwest China) regions. The geographical patterns of precipitation and discharge variations are different over west China,i.e. the regional climate displays the alteration of dry-wet-dry or wet-dry-wet from north to south in west China. The negative correlation of annual discharges between Xinjiang and the upper reaches of the Yellow River is found statistically significant in the decadal scale,and that between the Yarlung Zangbo River and the upper reaches of the Yellow River is found active in the interannual scale. The regional char-acteristics indicate that the discharge/precipitation variations in the upper reaches of the Yellow River are dominated by the East Asian summer monsoon while their variations in Xinjiang are affected by both the west wind and East Asian summer monsoon.

关键词： annual discharge variation Asian monsoon West China precipitation

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A review of the interaction between the cryosphere and atmosphere

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2020年第6期12卷 329-342页

作者： yongjian ding JianPing Yang ShengXia Wang YaPing Chang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Science CAS-HECIslamabadPakistan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The interaction between the cryosphere and atmosphere is an essential and extremely sensitive mutual action process on the *** to global warming and the cryospheric melting,more and more attention has been paid to the interaction process between the cryosphere and atmosphere,especially the feedback of the cryosphere change to the atmosphere.A comprehensive review of the studies on the interaction between the cryosphere and atmosphere is conducted from two aspects:(1)effects of climate change on the cryosphere or responses of the cryosphere to climate change;and(2)feedback of the cryosphere change to the *** response of the cryosphere to climate change is *** a lagging and cumulative effect of temperature rise within the cryosphere have resulted in a rapid change in the cryosphere in the 21st century,and its impacts have become more *** feedback from cryosphere change on the climate are *** them,the effects of sea ice loss and snow cover change,especially the Arctic sea ice loss and the Northern Hemisphere snow cover change,are the most *** Arctic amplification(AA)associated with sea ice feedback is disturbing,and the feedback generated by the effect of temperature rise on snow properties in the Northern Hemisphere is also of great *** are growing evidence of the impact of the Arctic cryosphere melting on mid-latitude weather and *** storm troughs,steered jet stream and amplified planetary waves associated with energy propagation become the key to explaining the links between Arctic cryosphere change and atmospheric *** is still a great deal of uncertainty about how cryosphere change affects the weather and climate through different atmospheric circulation processes at different spatial and temporal scales due to observation and simulation problems.

关键词： climate warming cryosphere atmosphere response feedback

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Initial estimate of the contribution of cryospheric change in China to sea level rise

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第16期56卷 1661-1664页

作者： REN JiaWen YE BaiSheng ding yongjian LIU ShiYin State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Recent studies have shown that cryospheric melting is becoming the dominant factor responsible for sea level rise,and that the melt-water from mountain glaciers and ice caps has comprised the majority of the cryospheric contribution since *** of the estimations of cryospheric melt-water and precipitation in glacier regions indicated that the potential contribution of the cryosphere in China is 0.14 to 0.16 mm a–1,of which approximately 0.12 mm a–1 is from *** contribution of glaciers in the outflow river basins is about 0.07 mm a–1,accounting for 6.4%of the total from global glaciers and ice caps.

关键词：海平面上升降水估计冰冻圈中国河流流域冰川冰雪圈融化

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