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Estimating wheat spike-leaf composite indicator(SLI)dynamics by coupling spectral indices and machine learning

The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 927-937页

作者： Haiyu Tao Ruiheng Zhou Yining Tang Wanyu Li Xia Yao Tao Cheng Yan Zhu Weixing Cao yongchao tian National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop System Analysis and Decision MakingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsJiangsu Key Laboratory for Information AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina

The contribution of spike photosynthesis to grain yield(GY)has been overlooked in the accurate spectral prediction of ***,it’s essential to construct and estimate a yield-related phenotypic trait considering spike *** on field and spectral reflectance data from 19 wheat cultivars under two nitrogen fertilization conditions in two years,our objectives were to(i)construct a yield-related phenotypic trait(spike–leaf composite indicator,SLI)accounting for the contribution of the spike to photosynthesis,(ii)develop a novel spectral index(enhanced triangle vegetation index,ETVI3)sensitive to SLI,and(iii)establish and evaluate SLI estimation models by integrating spectral indices and machine learning *** results showed that SLI was sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer and wheat cultivar variation as well as a better predictor of yield than the leaf area ***3 maintained a strong correlation with SLI throughout the growth stage,whereas the correlations of other spectral indices with SLI were poor after spike *** spectral indices and machine learning algorithms improved the estimation accuracy of SLI,with the most accurate estimates of SLI showing coefficient of determination,root mean square error(RMSE),and relative RMSE values of 0.71,0.047,and 26.93%,*** results provide new insights into the role of fruiting organs for the accurate spectral prediction of *** high-throughput SLI estimation approach can be applied for wheat yield prediction at whole growth stages and may be assisted with agronomical practices and variety selection.

关键词： Wheat spike photosynthesis Yield-related phenotypic trait Spectral indices Machine learning Estimation

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Effects of dense planting patterns on photosynthetic traits of different vertical layers and yield of wheat under different nitrogen rates

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 594-604页

作者： Cuicun Wang Ke Zhang Qing Liu Xiufeng Zhang Zhikuan Shi Xue Wang Caili Guo Qiang Cao yongchao tian Yan Zhu Xiaojun Liu Weixing Cao National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Institute of Smart Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina

A two-year field experiment was conducted to measure the effects of densification methods on photosynthesis and yield of densely planted ***-plant and inter-row distances were used to define ratefixed pattern(RR)and row-fixed pattern(RS)density ***,four nitrogen(N)rates(0,144,192,and 240 kg N ha-1,termed N0,N144,N192,and N240)were applied with three densities(225,292.5,and 360×10^(4)plants ha^(-1),termed D225,D292.5,and D360).The wheat canopy was clipped into three equal vertical layers(top,middle,and bottom layers),and their chlorophyll density(Ch D)and photosynthetically active radiation interception(FIPAR)were *** showed that the response of Ch D and FIPAR to N rate,density,and pattern varied with different layers.N rate,density,and pattern had significant interaction effects on Ch *** maximum values of whole-canopy Ch D in the two seasons appeared in N240 combined with D292.5 and D360 under RR,*** two growing seasons,FIPAR values of RR were higher than those of RS by 29.37%for the top layer and 5.68%for the middle layer,while lower than those of RS by 20.62%for the bottom layer on *** a low N supply(N0),grain yield was not significantly affected by density for both *** N240,increasing density significantly increased yield under RR,but D360 of RS significantly decreased yield by 3.72%and 9.00%versus D225 in two seasons,*** an appropriate and sufficient N application,RR increased the yield of densely planted wheat more than ***,the maximum yield in two seasons appeared in the combination of D360 with N144 or N192 rather than of D225 with N240 under both patterns,suggesting that dense planting combined with an appropriate N-reduction application is feasible to increase photosynthesis capacity and yield.

关键词： Chlorophyll density Densification method Nitrogen Photosynthetically active radiation interception Wheat

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基于MobileNetV3Small-ECA的水稻病害轻量级识别研究

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农业机械学报 2024年第1期55卷 253-262页

作者：袁培森欧阳柳江翟肇裕田永超南京农业大学人工智能学院南京210095 南京农业大学农学院南京210095

为实现水稻病害的轻量化识别与检测,使用ECA注意力机制改进MobileNetV3Small模型,并使用共享参数迁移学习对水稻病害进行智能化轻量级识别和检测。在PlantVillage数据集上进行预训练,将预训练得到的共享参数迁移到对水稻病害识别模型上... 详细信息

为实现水稻病害的轻量化识别与检测,使用ECA注意力机制改进MobileNetV3Small模型,并使用共享参数迁移学习对水稻病害进行智能化轻量级识别和检测。在PlantVillage数据集上进行预训练,将预训练得到的共享参数迁移到对水稻病害识别模型上微调优化。在开源水稻病害数据集上进行试验测试,试验结果表明,在非迁移学习下,识别准确率达到97.47%,在迁移学习下识别准确率达到99.92%,同时参数量减少26.69%。其次,通过Grad-CAM进行可视化,本文方法与其他注意力机制CBAM和SENET相比,ECA模块生成的结果与图像中病斑的位置和颜色更加一致,表明网络可以更好地聚焦水稻病害的特征,并且通过可视化和各水稻病害分析了误分类原因。本文方法实现了水稻病害识别模型的轻量化,使其能够在移动设备等资源受限的场景中部署,达到快速、高效、便携的目的。同时开发了基于Android的水稻病害识别系统,方便于在边缘端进行水稻病害识别分析。

关键词：水稻病害识别迁移学习高效通道注意力机制 MobileNetV3Small 移动端部署

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秸秆还田与氮肥施用对稻田温室气体排放的影响

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生态学报 2024年第12期44卷 5328-5339页

作者：吴健成刘卿汪翠存陆汝华刘艳曹强田永超朱艳曹卫星刘小军南京农业大学国家信息农业工程技术中心南京210095 智慧农业教育部工程研究中心南京210095 农业农村部农作物系统分析与决策重点实验室南京210095 江苏省信息农业重点实验室南京210095 现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心南京210095

秸秆还田与氮肥施用是农田生态系统中碳氮元素的两大主要补给途径,其在调控稻田甲烷(CH_(4))和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放以及水稻产量方面具有重要作用。以往的研究主要关注秸秆还田或氮肥施用单因素对稻田温室气体排放的影响,而双因素互作... 详细信息

秸秆还田与氮肥施用是农田生态系统中碳氮元素的两大主要补给途径,其在调控稻田甲烷(CH_(4))和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放以及水稻产量方面具有重要作用。以往的研究主要关注秸秆还田或氮肥施用单因素对稻田温室气体排放的影响,而双因素互作对甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响尚未明确。同时,在秸秆还田条件下如何进行合理的氮肥施用鲜有深入研究。本研究基于3个氮肥处理(0、180、360 kg N/hm^(2))和3个秸秆还田处理(0、2.25、3.75 t/hm^(2))进行多年水稻田间定位试验,研究结果表明:CH_(4)季节累积排放随秸秆还田量增加而增加,与施氮量无显著正相关关系;N_(2)O季节累积排放随施氮量增加而增加,与秸秆还田量无显著正相关关系;秸秆还田对于产量的影响具有不确定性,两年均在秸秆不还田+不施氮处理(S0N0)出现最低产量,2021与2022年最低产量分别为5740.64和4903.75 kg/hm^(2)。2021与2022年最高产量分别在秸秆不还田+高氮(S0N_(2))和高量秸秆还田+高氮(S2N_(2))出现,分别为10938.48和10384.83 kg/hm^(2)。同时,本研究发现在低量秸秆还田条件下,在碳足迹(CF, Carbon Footprint)方面,施氮量为251 kg N/hm^(2)时碳足迹达到最低点,为1.01 kg C/kg;而在生态经济净收益(NEEB, Net Ecosystem Economic Benefits)方面,施氮量为294 kg N/hm^(2)时生态经济净收益达到最高点,为11778.15元/hm^(2)。为协同生态经济净收益与碳排放,在低量秸秆还田(S1)下,配合251—294 kg N/hm^(2)的施氮量为最优施肥方案。研究结果为指导稻田温室气体减排、实现稻田碳中和以及农田管理提供了理论支撑,为实现水稻的高产稳产与低碳生产科学依据。

关键词：水稻温室气体秸秆还田氮肥推荐施肥

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Key variable for simulating critical nitrogen dilution curve of wheat:Leaf area ratio-driven approach

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Pedosphere 2022年第3期32卷 463-474页

作者： Ke ZHANG Jifeng MA Yu WANG Weixing CAO Yan ZHU Qiang CAO Xiaojun LIU yongchao tian National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China) Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture Ministry of EducationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China) Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China) Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China)

Nitrogen(N)dilution curves,a pivotal tool for N nutrition diagnosis,have been developed using different winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)***,few studies have attempted to establish critical nitrogen(N_(c))dilution curves based on the leaf area ratio(LAR)to improve the monitoring accuracy of N *** this study,three field experiments using eight N treatments and four wheat varieties were conducted in Jiangsu Province of China from 2013 to *** empirical relationship of LAR with shoot biomass(expressed as dry matter)was developed under different N *** results showed that LAR was a reliable index,which reduced the effects of wheat varieties and years compared with the traditional *** N nutrition index(NNI)based on the LAR approach(NNI-LAR)produced equivalent results to that based on shoot ***,the NNI-LAR better predicted accumulated N deficit and best estimated the relative yield compared with the other two indicator-based NNI ***,the LAR-based approach improved the prediction accuracy of N_(c),accumulated N deficit,and relative yield,and it would be an optimal choice to conveniently diagnose the N status of winter wheat under field conditions.

关键词： agronomic parameter grain yield leaf area index nitrogen nutrition index nitrogen status nitrogen use efficiency

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Small and Oriented Wheat Spike Detection at the Filling and Maturity Stages Based on WheatNet

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第4期5卷 779-789页

作者： Jianqing Zhao Yucheng Cai Suwan Wang Jiawei Yan Xiaolei Qiu Xia Yao yongchao tian Yan Zhu Weixing Cao Xiaohu Zhang National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210095China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture Nanjing 210095China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing 210095China

Accurate wheat spike detection is crucial in wheat field phenotyping for precision *** in artificial intelligence have enabled deep learning models to improve the accuracy of detecting wheat ***,wheat growth is a dynamic process characterized by important changes in the color feature of wheat spikes and the *** models for wheat spike detection are typically designed for a specific growth *** adaptability to other growth stages or field scenes is *** models cannot detect wheat spikes accurately caused by the difference in color,size,and morphological features between growth *** paper proposes WheatNet to detect small and oriented wheat spikes from the filling to the maturity *** constructs a Transform Network to reduce the effect of differences in the color features of spikes at the filling and maturity stages on detection ***,a Detection Network is designed to improve wheat spike detection capability.A Circle Smooth Label is proposed to classify wheat spike angles in drone imagery.A new micro-scale detection layer is added to the network to extract the features of small *** loss is improved by Complete Intersection over Union to reduce the impact of the *** results show that WheatNet can achieve greater accuracy than classical detection *** detection accuracy with average precision of spike detection at the filling stage is 90.1%,while it is 88.6%at the maturity *** suggests that WheatNet is a promising tool for detection of wheat spikes.

关键词： Wheat maturity wheat

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基于半导体制冷式热泵的幼蚕共育温湿度监控系统

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农业工程学报 2012年第12期28卷 183-188页

作者：仲进安桂林电子科技大学电子工程与自动化学院桂林541004

为解决人工操作的传统幼蚕共育方式的诸多缺陷,如使用不便、容易操控不当以及煤炉加湿时易产生有毒气体危害幼蚕等,设计了一种以LPC1111单片机为控制核心的幼蚕共育室温湿度监控系统。该系统采用半导体制冷片作为新型冷热源,结合丙烯酸... 详细信息

为解决人工操作的传统幼蚕共育方式的诸多缺陷,如使用不便、容易操控不当以及煤炉加湿时易产生有毒气体危害幼蚕等,设计了一种以LPC1111单片机为控制核心的幼蚕共育室温湿度监控系统。该系统采用半导体制冷片作为新型冷热源,结合丙烯酸类树脂高分子材料吸湿特性实现简易除湿,并与温湿度传感器构建闭环控制系统。论述了系统中温湿度控制环节设计方案,以及具体硬件电路与软件流程。应用试验表明,所控制温度最大偏差为1℃,相对湿度最大偏差为6%。只要合理设定温湿度数值,系统即可满足幼蚕的所需环境要求。

关键词：环境监测控制系统 LPC1111 半导体制冷片 DS18B20 嵌入式控制器

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Estimating wheat spike-leaf composite indicator (SLI) dynamics by coupling spectral indices and machine learning

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期 927页

作者： Haiyu Tao Ruiheng Zhou Yining Tang Wanyu Li Xia Yao Tao Cheng Yan Zhu Weixing Cao yongchao tian

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基于3D打印和FDEM算法的层状岩体力学特性研究

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岩石力学与工程学报 2023年第S01期42卷 3331-3343页

作者：田永超何璠殷源河南理工大学土木工程学院河南焦作454003 湖北省路桥集团股份有限公司湖北武汉430056

为探究层状岩体的强度和变形破坏特征随层理倾角和试样尺寸等因素的变化规律,利用粉末黏结成型3D打印技术制作涵盖多种倾角和尺寸的层理试样,并开展单轴压缩和巴西劈裂试验,利用有限元-离散元耦合算法(FDEM)对室内试验结果进行验证。研... 详细信息

为探究层状岩体的强度和变形破坏特征随层理倾角和试样尺寸等因素的变化规律,利用粉末黏结成型3D打印技术制作涵盖多种倾角和尺寸的层理试样,并开展单轴压缩和巴西劈裂试验,利用有限元-离散元耦合算法(FDEM)对室内试验结果进行验证。研究结果表明:(1)抗压强度、弹性模量和变形模量随层理倾角呈“U”型变化,倾角90°试样的测试结果明显大于其他角度的;抗拉强度与层理倾角呈负相关关系,倾角0°试样的抗拉强度明显小于均质试样。(2)单轴压缩试样呈现张拉主导型(0°和90°)和剪切主导型破坏(5°和67.5°);随着层理倾角的逐渐增大,试样逐渐由延性破坏过渡到脆性破坏;巴西劈裂试样均呈现张拉破坏,裂隙走向呈直线型(0°和90°)和弧线型(45°)。(3)随着试样尺寸的逐渐增大,抗压强度逐渐趋于稳定,峰值应变逐渐减小并稳定在0.005左右;抗拉强度随试样尺寸呈倒“U”型变化,弹性模量和变形模量随试样尺寸在2.1 GPa附近波动,三者均未呈现稳定趋势。

关键词：岩石力学层状岩体层理倾角尺寸效应 3D打印有限元-离散元耦合算法

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Effects of dense planting patterns on photosynthetic traits of different vertical layers and yield of wheat under different nitrogen rates

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期 594页

作者： Cuicun Wang Ke Zhang Qing Liu Xiufeng Zhang Zhikuan Shi Xue Wang Caili Guo Qiang Cao yongchao tian Yan Zhu Xiaojun Liu Weixing Cao

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