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Plate tectonics in the Archean:Observations versus interpretations

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 1-30页

作者： yongfei zheng School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China Center of Excellence for Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

Plate tectonics theory,established in the 1960s,has been successful in explaining many geological phenomena,processes and events that occurred in the ***,the theory has often struggled to provide a coherent framework in interpreting geological records in continental interior and Precambrian *** dealing with the relationship between plate tectonics and continental geology,continental interior tectonics was often separated from continental margin tectonics in the inheritance and development of their structure and *** separation led to the illusion that the plate tectonics theory is not applicable to Precambrian geology,particularly in explaining the fundamental geological characteristics of Archean *** this illusion does not mean that the Archean continental crust did not originate from a regime of plate tectonics,it led to the development of alternative tectonic models,often involving vertical movements under a regime of stagnant lid tectonics,including not only endogenous processes such as gravitational sagduction,mantle plumes and heat pipes but also exogenous processes such as bolide *** vertical processes were not unique to the Archean but persisted into the *** result from mantle poloidal convection at different depths,not specific to any particular *** the plate tectonics theory from the traditional kinematic model in the 20th century to a holistic kinematic-dynamic model in the 21st century and systematically examining the vertical transport of matter and energy at plate margins,it is evident that plate tectonics can explain the common geological characteristics of Archean cratons,such as lithological associations,structural patterns and metamorphic *** deciphering the structure and composition of convergent plate margins as well as their dynamics,the formation and evolution of continental crust since the Archean can be divided into ancient plate tectonics in the Preca

关键词： Plate tectonics Archean geology Continental origin Crustal reworking Plate interior Plate margin

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Metamorphism, fluid behavior and magmatism in oceanic subduction zones

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第1期63卷 52-77页

作者： Chimjing WEI yongfei zheng Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Based on the updated results of experimental petrology and phase equilibria modelling and combined with the available thermal structure models of subduction zones, this paper presents an overview on the dehydration and melting of basic,sedimentary and ultrabasic rocks that occur in the different stages during oceanic subduction processes and their influences on magmatism above subduction zones. During the subduction at the forearc depth of <90–100 km, the basic and ultrabasic rocks from most oceanic slabs can release very small amounts of water, and significant dehydration may occur in the slab superficial sediments. Strong dehydration occurs in both basic and ultrabasic rocks during subduction at the subarc depth of 90–200 km. For example, more than 90% water in basic rocks is released by the successive dehydration of chlorite, glaucophane, talc and lawsonite in the subarc depths. This is diversely in contrast to the previous results from synthetic experiments. Ultrabasic rocks may undergo strong dehydration through antigorite, chlorite and phase 10 ? at the subarc depth of 120–220 km. However,sediments can contribute minor fluids at the subarc depth, one main hydrous mineral in which is phengite(muscovite). It can stabilize to ~300 km depth and transform into K-hollandite. After phengite breaks down, there will be no significant fluid release from oceanic slab until it is subducted to the mantle transition zone. In a few hot subduction zones, partial melting(especially flux melting) can occur in both sediments and basic rocks, generating hydrous granitic melts or supercritical fluids, and in carbonates-bearing sediments potassic carbonatite melts can be generated. In a few cold subduction zones, phase A occurs in ultrabasic rocks, which can bring water deep into the transition zone. The subducted rocks, especially the sediments, contain large quantities of incompatible minor and trace elements carried through fluids to greatly influence the geochemical composition

关键词： Oceanic subduction Metamorphism Phase equilibria Fluid activity Subduction zone magmatism Carbon cycle

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The timing of continental collision between India and Asia

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Science Bulletin 2018年第24期63卷 1649-1654页

作者： yongfei zheng Fuyuan Wu Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments Chinese Academy of SciencesSchool of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The timing of continental collision between India and Asia has been controversial for a long time because of the difficulty in screening isotopic ages for different types of tectonothermal event along the convergent continental boundary. After distinguishing the collisional orogeny from the precollisional accretionary orogeny and the postcollisional rifting orogeny, an age range of 55 ± 10 Ma is obtained to mark the collisional orogeny in the Early Cenozoic rather than throughout the Cenozoic. This age range provides the resolution to the timing of tectonic reactivation not only for reworking of the marginal arc systems in the Early Cenozoic but also for overprinting of granulite facies metamorphism on eclogites in the Late Cenozoic. In particular, superimposition of the rifting orogeny on both accretionary and collisional orogens in the Late Cenozoic is the key to the reactivation of both Gangdese and Himalayan orogens for contemporaneous metamorphism and magmatism at high thermal gradients. Therefore, rise of the plateau may be caused by underplating of the asthenospheric mantle for rifting orogeny in the composite Himalayan–Tibetan orogens after foundering of their roots in the Late Cenozoic.

关键词： Himalayan orogen Gangdese orogen Neo-Tethys Ocean Accretionary orogeny Collisional orogeny Rifting orogeny

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Mantle geochemistry: Insights from ocean island basalts

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第11期60卷 1976-2000页

作者： HUANG ShiChun zheng yongfei Department of Geoscience University of Nevada CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Material and Environment School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China

The geochemical study of the Earth's mantle provides important constraints on our understanding of the formation and evolution of Earth, its internal structure, and the mantle dynamics. The bulk Earth composition is inferred by comparing terrestrial mantle rocks with chondrites, which leads to the chondritic Earth model. That is, Earth has the same relative proportions of refractory elements as that in chondrites, but it is depleted in volatiles. Ocean island basalts(OIB) may be produced by mantle plumes with possible deep origins; consequently, they provide unique opportunity to study the deep Earth. Isotopic variations within OIB can be described using a limited number of mantle endmembers, such as EM1, EM2 and HIMU, and they have been used to decipher important mantle processes. Introduction of crustal material into the deep mantle via subduction and delamination is important in generating mantle heterogeneity; however, there is active debate on how they were sampled by mantle melting, i.e.,the role of olivine-poor lithologies in the OIB petrogenesis. The origin and location of high 3He/4He mantle remain controversial,ranging from unprocessed(or less processed) primitive material in the lower mantle to highly processed materials with shallow origins, including ancient melting residues, mafic cumulates under arcs, and recycled hydrous minerals. Possible core-mantle interaction was hypothesized to introduce distinctive geochemical signatures such as radiogenic 186 Os and Fe and Ni enrichment in the OIB. Small but important variations in some short-lived nuclides, including 142 Nd, 182 W and several Xe isotopes, have been reported in ancient and modern terrestrial rocks, implying that the Earth's mantle must have been differentiated within the first 100 Myr of its formation, and the mantle is not efficiently homogenized by mantle convection.

关键词： Mantle structure Mantle composition Crustal components Crust-mantle interaction Crustal recycling

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A perspective view on ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and continental collision in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第20期53卷 3081-3104页

作者： zheng yongfei CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

The study of continental deep-subduction has been one of the forefront and core subjects to advance the plate tectonics theory in the twenty-first century. The Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt in China crops out the largest lithotectonic unit containing ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the world. Much of our understanding of the world's most enigmatic processes in continental deep-subduction zones has been deduced from various records in the Dabie-Sulu rocks. By taking these rocks as the natural laboratory, earth scientists have made seminal contributions to understanding of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and continental collision. This paper outlines twelve aspects of outstanding progress, including spatial distribution of the UHP metamorphic rocks, timing of the UHP metamorphism, timescale of the UHP metamorphism, the protolith nature of deeply subducted continental crust, subduction erosion and crustal detachment during continental collision, the possible depths of continental subduction, fluid activity in the continental deep-subduction zone, partial melting during continental collision, element mobility in continental deep-subduction zone, recycling of subducted continental crust, geodynamic mechanism of postcollisional magmatism, and lithospheric architecture of collision orogen. Some intriguing questions and directions are also proposed for future studies.

关键词：大陆岩石圈地壳超高压变质作用切向压缩力

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The transport of water in subduction zones

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第4期59卷 651-682页

作者： zheng yongfei CHEN RenXu XU zheng ZHANG ShaoBing School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China

The transport of water from subducting crust into the mantle is mainly dictated by the stability of hydrous minerals in subduction zones. The thermal structure of subduction zones is a key to dehydration of the subducting crust at different depths. Oceanic subduction zones show a large variation in the geotherm, but seismicity and arc volcanism are only prominent in cold subduction zones where geothermal gradients are low. In contrast, continental subduction zones have low geothermal gradients, resulting in metamorphism in cold subduction zones and the absence of arc volcanism during subduction. In very cold subduction zone where the geothermal gradient is very low(?5?C/km), lawsonite may carry water into great depths of ?300 km. In the hot subduction zone where the geothermal gradient is high(>25?C/km), the subducting crust dehydrates significantly at shallow depths and may partially melt at depths of <80 km to form felsic melts, into which water is highly dissolved. In this case, only a minor amount of water can be transported into great depths. A number of intermediate modes are present between these two end-member dehydration modes, making subduction-zone dehydration various. Low-T/low-P hydrous minerals are not stable in warm subduction zones with increasing subduction depths and thus break down at forearc depths of ?60–80 km to release large amounts of water. In contrast, the low-T/low-P hydrous minerals are replaced by low-T/high-P hydrous minerals in cold subduction zones with increasing subduction depths, allowing the water to be transported to subarc depths of 80–160 km. In either case, dehydration reactions not only trigger seismicity in the subducting crust but also cause hydration of the mantle wedge. Nevertheless, there are still minor amounts of water to be transported by ultrahigh-pressure hydrous minerals and nominally anhydrous minerals into the deeper mantle. The mantle wedge overlying the subducting slab does not partially melt upon water influx

关键词： Subduction zones Oceanic crust Mantle wedge Thermal structure Hydrous minerals Water transport Arc magmatism

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Mesozoic mafic magmatism in North China:Implications for thinning and destruction of cratonic lithosphere

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第4期61卷 353-385页

作者： yongfei zheng zheng XU Zifu ZHAO Liqun DAI CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments School of Earth and Space ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China

The North China Craton(NCC) has been thinned from >200 km to <100 km in its eastern part. The ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) has been replaced by the juvenile SCLM in the Meoszoic. During this period, the NCC was destructed as indicated by extensive magmatism in the Early Cretaceous. While there is a consensus on the thinning and destruction of cratonic lithosphere in North China, it has been hotly debated about the mechanism of cartonic *** study attempts to provide a resolution to current debates in the view of Mesozoic mafic magmatism in North China. We made a compilation of geochemical data available for Mesozoic mafic igneous rocks in the NCC. The results indicate that these mafic igneous rocks can be categorized into two series,manifesting a dramatic change in the nature of mantle sources at ~121 Ma. Mafic igneous rocks emplaced at this age start to show both oceanic island basalts(OIB)-like trace element distribution patterns and depleted to weakly enriched Sr-Nd isotope compositions. In contrast,mafic igneous rocks emplaced before and after this age exhibit both island arc basalts(IAB)-like trace element distribution patterrs and enriched Sr-Nd isotope *** difference indicates a geochemical mutation in the SCLM of North China at^121 Ma. Although mafic magmatism also took place in the Late Triassic, it was related to exhumation of the deeply subducted South China continental crust because the subduction of Paleo-Pacific slab was not operated at that time. Paleo-Pacific slab started to subduct beneath the eastern margin of Eruasian continent since the Jurrasic. The subducting slab and its overlying SCLM wedge were coupled in the Jurassic, and slab dehydration resulted in hydration and weakening of the cratonic mantle. The mantle sources of ancient IAB-like mafic igneous rocks are a kind of ultramafic metasomatites that were generated by reaction of the cratonic mantle wedge peridotite notonly with aqueous solutions

关键词： Cratonic destruction Mafic magmas IAB-like series OIB-like series Lithospheric thinning Slab subduction

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Metamorphic evolution of the East Tethys tectonic domain and its tectonic implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第12期66卷 2686-2711页

作者： Qiangqiang ZHANG Xiaoying GAO Renxu CHEN yongfei zheng School of Earth and Space Sciences Universiy of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboraiory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China Center of Excellence for Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230026China

The China Central Orogenic System(CCOS),extending in an east-west direction in the middle part of China,is composed of the Early Paleozoic Altyn-North Qilian-North Qaidam-East Kunlun-North Qinling-North Tongbai orogens in the west and the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic South Tongbai-Hong'an-Dabie-Sulu orogens in the *** were produced by oceanic subduction and continental subduction/collision during the closure of the Proto-Tethys and the Paleo-Tethys oceans,*** types of metamorphic rocks with various ages are extensively exposed in these orogens,and they were produced at different geothermal gradients in different stages during the tectonic evolution of convergent continental margins,making them ideal targets to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of the Eastern Tethys tectonic *** this article,an integrated study of metamorphic temperature(T)-pressure(P)-time(t)records is presented for metamorphic rocks along the CCOS,aiming to ascertain the change of metamorphic T/P ratios in both time and space,and then shed light on the tectonic evolution of the East Tethys tectonic domain in association with the thermal state change of convergent continental *** results indicate that despite the difference in metamorphic ages,metamorphic rocks in different orogens show a common trend with clockwise P-T-t *** respect to plate convergence for subduction and collision,regional metamorphism is categorized into three stages:(1)an early convergent stage,corresponding to low T/P Alpine-type blueschist-to eclogite-facies high-P to ultrahigh-P metamorphism;(2)a later convergent stage,corresponding to the medium T/P Barrovian-type medium-P amphibolite to high-P granulite-facies metamorphism;and(3)a post-convergent stage,corresponding to the high T/P Buchan-type lowP amphibolite to MP granulite-facies ***,a few metamorphic rocks only record a two-sage metamorphic evolution,with an early Barrovian-type high-P granuli

关键词： Tethys tectonics Oceanic closure Crustal metamorphism Geothermal gradient Intracontinental rifting

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25 years of continental deep subduction

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第22期54卷 4266-4270页

作者： zheng yongfei CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments School of Earth and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

This year marks the 25th anniversary of the discovery of coesite in metamorphic rocks of supracrustal origin. This initiated a revolution of the plate tectonics theory due to intensive studies of ultrahigh pres-sure m... 详细信息

关键词：大陆深俯冲超高压变质作用板块构造理论柯石英变质岩原产地史密斯科学家

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Tectonic evolution of convergent plate margins and its geological effects

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第7期65卷 1247-1276页

作者： yongfei zheng Yixiang CHEN Renxu CHEN Liqun DAI CAS Key Laboratory of Crust and Mantle Materials and Environments School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Oceanic lithosphere is generated at divergent plate boundaries and disappears at convergent plate *** spreading and plate subduction together constitute the physical coupling and mass conservation relationships to the movement of lithospheres on *** zones are a key site for the transfer of both matter and energy at converging plate boundaries,and their study has been the hot spot and frontier of Earth system science since the development of plate tectonics *** far as the dynamic regime and geothermal gradient of convergent plate margins are concerned,they have different properties in different stages of the subduction zone *** general,the early low-angle subduction leads to compressional tectonism dominated by low geothermal gradients at the plate interface,and the late high-angle subduction results in extensional tectonism dominated by high geothermal gradients at the plate interface and its hanging *** rifts are produced along suture zones through not only slab rollback or slab breakoff in the terminal stage of oceanic subduction but also foundering and thinning of the lithosphere in the post-subduction *** to the differences and changes in the geometric and thermobaric structures of convergent plate margins,a series of changes in the type of metamorphism and magmatism can occur in active and fossil subduction *** and melting of the subducting oceanic crust are prominent at subarc depths,giving rise to fluids that dissolve different concentrations of fluid-mobile incompatible *** subduction zone fluids at subarc depths would chemically react with the overlying mantle wedge peridotite,generating metasomatites as the mantle sources of mafic magmas in oceanic and continental ***,these metasomatites did not partially melt immediately upon the fluid metasomatism to trigger arc magmatism,and they did not melt until they were heated by asthenospheric convection due to rollback of th

关键词： Plate tectonics Continental geology Convergent margins Continental rifting Subduction zone Orogenic belt

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