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Feedback processing in the primate brain and in AI systems

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2297-2309页

作者： JIANG yong HE sheng Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefei 230088China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The primate brain and artificial intelligence(AI) can both be conceptualized as information processing systems, each with its own distinct biological and computational architectures. While there are parallels between them, their respective structural and functional connections show significant differences. In this paper, we examine the central role of feedback processing in both the primate brain and AI systems, which has been shown to be crucial in shaping neural processing. By reviewing the key features of feedback processes in the primate brain, which allows the brain to incorporate prior knowledge, contextual information, and taskdemands into early-stage processing, we highlight the divergence in goals and functions between biological and AI *** these differences is crucial for elucidating the cognitive capabilities of the primate brain and for addressing computational challenges in AI. In advocating “Cognition-Inspired-Computation”, we suggest that integrating insights from feedback processing in the primate brain into AI research will offer potentially significant improvements for the advancement of AI systems.

关键词： cognitive neuroscience artificial intelligence feedback processing attention learning

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Thermodynamic model for deoxidation of liquid steel considering strong metal-oxygen interaction in the quasichemical model framework

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第5期31卷 988-1002页

作者： yong-Min Cho Youn-Bae kang Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Eco Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKyungbuk37673Rep.of Korea N.EX.T Hub POSCO HoldingsPohangKyungbuk37673Rep.of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKyungbuk37673Rep.of Korea

Herein,a thermodynamic model aimed at describing deoxidation equilibria in liquid steel was *** model provides explicit forms of the activity coefficient of solutes in liquid steel,eliminating the need for the minimization of internal Gibbs energy preliminarily when solving deoxidation *** elimination of internal Gibbs energy minimization is particularly advantageous during the coupling of deoxidation equilibrium calculations with computationally intensive approaches,such as computational fluid *** model enables efficient calculations through direct embedment of the explicit forms of activity coefficient in the computing *** proposed thermodynamic model was developed using a quasichemical approach with two key approximations:random mixing of metallic elements(Fe and oxidizing metal) and strong nonrandom pairing of metal and oxygen as nearest *** these approximations,the quasichemical approach yielded the activity coefficients of solutes as explicit functions of composition and temperature without requiring the minimization of internal Gibbs energy or the coupling of separate *** model was successfully applied in the calculation of deoxidation equilibria of various elements(Al,B,C,Ca,Ce,Cr,La,Mg,Mn,Nb,Si,Ti,V,and Zr).The limitations of the model arising from these assumptions were also discussed.

关键词： deoxidation equilibria thermodynamics quasichemical approach computational fluid dynamics

Simulation of the deformable lateral boundaries in biaxial test using DEM

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 161-175页

作者： Ali Momeni Barry Clarke yong sheng Ali Hassanpour WSP 3 Wellington PlaceLeedsLS1 4APUK Hull University HullHU6 7RXUK School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK School of Computer Science University of HullHullHU6 7RXUK School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK

Applying the discrete element method(DEM)in soil mechanics can provide abundant information at the particle-scale and facilitates illustration of the macro-mechanical behaviour of soils based on the inter-particle *** triaxial test is one of the most common laboratory methods to study the macro-mechanical behaviour of particulate materials such as ***,many problems in geotechnical design can be assumed and simplified as a plane strain *** a biaxial test can be conducted to reproduce the macro-mechanical behaviour of soil,where the sample is enclosed by two horizontal rigid platens and a vertical latex membrane,which is a deformable continuous element and allows the enclosed specimen to deform freely while maintaining confining stress during *** paper presents an algorithm to represent physical and mechanical characteristics of latex membrane in the 2D DEM simulation of biaxial test using the PFC^(2D) *** investigate the impact of the lateral boundary conditions on the micro-macro mechanical behaviours of soil samples,two sets of DEM biaxial tests are conducted,*** rigid and deformable lateral boundary *** DEM modeling results indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a significant effect on the micro-scale fabric properties,thickness and inclination of the shear *** comparison between these two simulations also demonstrates that the lateral boundary conditions play a major role in the peak and post-peak stress-strain behaviours as well as the dilation and critical state behaviours of granular soils.

关键词： Discrete element method Biaxial test Deformable boundaries Shear band Critical state Fabric anisotropy Geometrical stability index

Recent advances in promising drugs for primary prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding with cirrhotic portal hypertension

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 4-13页

作者： Ji-Yao sheng Zi-Fan Meng Qiao Li yong-sheng Yang Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041China Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041China

Background:Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the most severe complications of patients with *** primary prevention drugs,including non-selectiveβ-blockers,have effectively reduced the incidence of bleeding,their efficacy is limited due to side effects and related *** recent advances in precision medicine,precise drug treatment provides better treatment *** sources:Literature search was conducted in PubMed,MEDLINE and Web of Science for relevant articles published up to May *** on clinical trials was obtained from https://***/and http://***/.Results:The in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis and advances of portal hypertension has enabled the discovery of multiple molecular targets for promising *** to the site of action,these drugs could be classified into four classes:intrahepatic,extrahepatic,both intrahepatic and extrahepatic targets and *** these classes of drugs offer advantages over traditional treatments in prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal ***:This review classified and summarized the promising drugs,which prevent gastroesophageal variceal bleeding by targeting specific markers of pathogenesis of portal hypertension,demonstrating the significance of using the precision medicine strategy to discover and develop promising drugs for the primary prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.

关键词： Cirrhotic portal hypertension Target drug Primary prevention Bleeding

Molecular Chaperone-Dependent Polymer Translocation through Nanopores: The Effects of Chaperone Concentration and Chaperone-Polymer Interaction

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第1期42卷 125-132,I0011页

作者： Chang-sheng Zuo kang Wang Li-Zhen Sun Ting-Ting Sun Department of Physics Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou 310023China Department of Applied Physics Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China

The polymer translocation through a nanopore from a donor space(or named cis side) to a receiver space(trans side) in the chaperone-induced crowded environment has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its significance in biological systems and technological applications. In this work, we mainly focus on the effects of chaperone concentration and chaperone-polymer interaction on the polymer translocation. By assuming the polymer translocation to be a quasi-equilibrium process, the free energy F of the polymer can be estimated by Rosenbluth-Rosenbluth method and then the translocation time τ can be calculated by Fokker-Plank equation based on the obtained free energy landscape. Our calculation results show that the translocation time can be controlled by independently tuning the chaperone concentration and chaperone-polymer interaction at the cis side or the trans side. There exists a critical chaperone-polymer attraction ε~*=-0.2 at which the volume exclusion and interaction effects of the chaperone can balance each other. Additionally, we also find that at large chaperone-polymer attraction, the translocation time is mainly governed by the diffusion coefficient of the polymer.

关键词： Polymer translocation Rosenbluth-Rosenbluth method Fokker-Plank equation Free energy landscapes

Emission wavelength selection via anomalous polarized fluorescence in ZnO-C nanowires

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4489-4497页

作者： Joon Kiat kang Kim yong Lim Chorng Haur Sow Department of Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117542Singapore

Defect fluorescence from high aspect ratio semiconductor nanowires typically displays a weak polarization parallel to the nanowire’s long axis due to dielectric mismatch in high aspect ratio ***,anomalous 2.2 eV defect fluorescence distinctly polarized perpendicular to the nanowire is observed and measured from carbon-incorporated zinc oxide *** observations are significant because polarized defect emissions with consistent polarization on a mesoscopic scale are *** a systematic study and comparison of experimental results with density functional theory calculations,an oriented defect complex comprising carbon substituting on an oxygen site and an oxygen vacancy(CO-VO)is deduced to be responsible for the anomalous yellow fluorescence,demonstrating a method for relating atomic-scale defect geometry to mesoscopic *** anomalous emission can appear in both green-and red-fluorescing nanowires grown with different carbon concentrations,verifying the independence and uniqueness of the 2.2 eV *** allows for polarization-dependent emission wavelength selection from a single nanowire.

关键词： anomalous polarization defects fluorescence zinc oxide carbon

Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 653-658页

作者： Ke-kang Sun yong-You Wu Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The Affiliated Kunshan Hospital to Jiangsu UniversitySuzhou 215300Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215008Jiangsu ProvinceChina

Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy(PPG)has been widely accepted as a function-preserving gastrectomy for middle-third early gastric cancer(EGC)with a distal tumor border at least 4 cm proximal to the *** procedure essentially preserves the function of the pyloric sphincter,which requires to preserve the upper third of the stomach and a pyloric cuff at least 2.5 *** suprapyloric and infrapyloric vessels are usually preserved,as are the hepatic and pyloric branches of the vagus *** with distal gastrectomy,PPG has significant advantages in preventing dumping syndrome,body weight loss and bile reflux *** postoperative complications after PPG have reached an acceptable *** can be considered a safe,effective,and superior choice in EGC,and is expected to be extensively performed in the future.

关键词： Gastric cancer Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy Oncological safety Gastric stasis

Effect of low-speed waterjet pressure on the rock-breaking performance of unsubmerged cavitating abrasive waterjet

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2638-2649页

作者： Chen-Xing Fan Deng Li yong kang Hai-Tao Zhang Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology Wuhan University School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University

Unsubmerged cavitating abrasive waterjet(UCAWJ) has been shown to artificially create a submerged environment that produces shear cavitation, which effectively enhances rock-breaking performance. The shear cavitation generation and collapse intensity depend on the pressure difference between the intermediate high-speed abrasive waterjet and the coaxial low-speed waterjet. However, the effect of the pressure of the coaxial low-speed waterjet is pending. For this purpose, the effect of low-speed waterjet pressure on rock-breaking performance at different standoff distances was experimentally investigated,and the effects of erosion time and ruby nozzle diameter on erosion performance were discussed. Finally,the micromorphology of the sandstone was observed at different locations. The results show that increased erosion time and ruby nozzle diameter can significantly improve the rock-breaking performance. At different standoff distances, the mass loss increases first and then decreases with the increase of low-speed waterjet pressure, the maximum mass loss is 10.4 g at a low-speed waterjet pressure of0.09 MPa. The surface morphology of cavitation erosion was measured using a 3D profiler, the increase in both erosion depth and surface roughness indicated a significant increase in the intensity of the shear cavitation collapse. At a low-speed waterjet pressure of 0.18 MPa, the cavitation erosion surface depth can reach 600 μm with a roughness of 127 μm.

关键词： Rock-breaking Coaxial low-speed waterjet pressure Abrasive waterjet Cavitation Unsubmerged environment

Recent Progress and Regulation Strategies of Layered Materials as Cathode of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 14-31页

作者： Yuan Yuan Si Wu Xiaoxue Song Jin yong Lee Baotao kang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China Department of Chemistry Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Korea Shandong Hi-Speed Engineering Test Co. Ltd.Jinan 250022China

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have shown great potential in the fields of wearable devices,consumer electronics,and electric vehicles due to their high level of safety,low cost,and multiple electron *** layered cathode materials of ZIBs hold a stable structure during charge and discharge reactions owing to the ultrafast and straightforward(de)intercalation-type storage mechanism of Zn^(2+)ions in their tunable interlayer spacing and their abilities to accommodate other guest ions or ***,the challenges of inadequate energy density,dissolution of active materials,uncontrollable byproducts,increased internal pressure,and a large de-solvation penalty have been deemed an obstacle to the development of *** this review,recent strategies on the structure regulation of layered materials for aqueous zinc-ion energy storage devices are systematically ***,critical science challenges and future outlooks are proposed to guide and promote the development of advanced cathode materials for ZIBs.

关键词： layered cathode materials modifying strategies structure regulation zinc-ion batteries