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Changes in the ground surface temperature in permafrost regions along the Qinghaie-Tibet engineering corridor from 1900 to 2014:A modified assessment of CMIP6

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第1期14卷 85-96页

作者： Zan-Pin XING Lin ZHAO Lei FAN Guo-Jie HU De-Fu ZOU Chong WANG Shu-Ci LIU Er-Ji DU Yao XIAO Ren LI Guang-Yue LIU yong-ping qiao Jian-Zong SHI Cryosphere Research Station on the QinghaieTibet Plateau State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourceChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Environment and Science Queensland GovernmentBrisbaneQLD 4102Australia

Numerous studies were published in the last two decades to evaluate and project the permafrost changes in its thermal state,mainly based on the soil temperature datasets from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP),and discuss the impacts of permafrost changes on regional hydrological,ecological and climatic systems and even carbon ***,limited monitored soil temperature data are available to validate the CMIP outputs,resulting in the over-projection of future permafrost changes in CMIP3 and ***,future permafrost changes in CMIP6,particularly over the QinghaieTibet Plateau(QTP),where permafrost covers more than 40%of its territory,are still un*** address this gap,we evaluated and calibrated the monthly ground surface temperature(GST;5 cm below the ground surface),which was often used as the upper boundary to simulate and project permafrost changes derived from 19 CMIP6 Earth System Models(ESMs)against in situ measurements over the *** generated the monthly GST series from 1900 to 2014 for five sites based on the linear calibration models and validated them through the three other sites using the same calibration *** showed that all of the ESMs could capture the dynamics of in situ GST with high correlations(r>0.90).However,large errors were detected with a broad range of centred root-mean-square errors(1.14-4.98℃).The Top 5 model ensembles(MME5)performed better than most individual ESMs and averaged multi-model ensembles(MME19).The calibrated GST performed better than the GST obtained from *** annual and seasonal GSTs exhibited warming trends with an average annual rate of 0.04℃ per decade in the annual *** average seasonal warming rate was highest in winter and spring and lowest in *** reconstructed GST data series could be used to simulate the long-term permafrost temperature over the QTP.

关键词： Ground surface temperature CMIP6 Cold bias Permafrost Qinghaie-Tibet engineering corridor

Structural engineering of high-entropy alloys for advanced electrocatalytic reactions

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Tungsten 2025年第1期7卷 1-31页

作者： qiao Xie Ying-Jie Yu Hai-Jun Zhang Ya-ping Deng Wen Lei The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo

High-entropy alloys(HEAs) have emerged as promising candidates to replace traditional precious metal catalysts,owing to their unique chemical and physical *** review commences by revisiting the fundamental concepts of HEAs,including their synthesis methods and structural control strategies in *** underscores the critical role of meticulously manipulating both macroscopic and microscopic structures of the HEAs to optimize their catalytic performance.A deep understanding of the structure-activity relationship in HEAs across various configurations is pivotal in developing more effective *** review methodically encapsulates the research progress of structural control strategies for HEAs in achieving efficient energy conversion,with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the relationship between structure and *** review concludes by summarizing the current achievements and challenges,and suggestions for potential future directions of HEAs in the fields of energy conversion and environmental purification.

关键词： Electrocatalytic Energy conversion High-entropy alloys Structural modulation

Stable copper boron–imidazolate cage as Cu-riched enzyme for highly efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Jun-Qiang Chen qiao-Hong Li Qin-Long Hong ping Shao Hai-Xia Zhang Jian Zhang State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences

Single-atom catalyst has garnered widespread attention to mimic mature enzymes due to its well-defined atomic structure and coordination environments. However, since the carbon–carbon（C–C） coupling reactions require synergistic catalysis of multiple sites, single-atom catalysts suffer from insufficient active sites and unclear reaction mechanisms. Controlling the reaction intermediates in a precisely targeted pocket through careful metal–organic cage design is therefore crucial. Here, we prepare a tetrahedral [Cu6L4]-type boron–imidazolate cage integrating highly active Cu sites and optimized cavity, which exhibits enzyme like specific catalytic performance in electrochemical CO2reduction reaction（CO2RR） to enhance the selectivity of *** analyses and computational calculations suggest that the single Cu site together with neighboring boron–imidazolate ligands provides suitably synergistic effects that enable the energetically favorable formation of an *COCHO intermediate, a key step determining selectivity. As a result, the [Cu6L4]-type cage of BIC-145 achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 28% for C2H4maintaining an average current density of -3.54 mA cm-2over a 5-hour electrolysis period. This work represents the first example for studying single-metal site catalysts with ultra-low coordination numbers through the rational design of metal–organic cages.

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Sky location of massive black hole binaries in the foreground of Galactic white dwarf binaries

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 97-108页

作者： Pan Guo Hong-Bo Jin Cong-Feng qiao Yue-Liang Wu The International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

For space-based gravitational wave （GW） detection,the main noise source for massive black hole binaries （MBHBs） is attributed to approximately 10～7double white dwarf binaries in the *** a GW source,the amplitude of the detector response,recorded by a space-based gravitational wave detector,exhibits a modulation effect with a year period when observing the source from various orbital *** the adverse conditions mentioned above,where there is a strong foreground noise and annual modulation in the signals,we employed the wavelet transform and the strong-amplitude relevant orbital position search methods,which allows the weak MBHB sources to achieve higher locating *** detail,for two MBHB sources of lower intensity,the precision of luminosity distance,represented by the ratio ?DL/DLat the 95%confidence level,is enhanced by factors of ～*** angular resolutions,denoted by??s,are enhanced by a factor of ～*** improvements increase the number of detectable GW sources,facilitate multi-messenger follow-up observations and provide constraints on the cosmological constant.

关键词： space-based gravitational wave detection gravitational waves massive black hole binaries

The cGAS-STING-interferon regulatory factor 7 pathway regulates neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2361-2372页

作者： Shengyang Zhou Ting Li Wei Zhang Jian Wu Hui Hong Wei Quan Xinyu qiao Chun Cui Chenmeng qiao Weijiang Zhao Yanqin Shen Laboratory of Neurodegenerative and Neuroinjury Diseases Wuxi Medicine SchoolJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu ProvinceChina

Interferon regulatory factor 7 plays a crucial role in the innate immune ***,whether interferon regulatory factor 7-mediated signaling contributes to Parkinson's disease remains *** we report that interferon regulatory factor 7 is markedly up-regulated in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and co-localizes with microglial *** the selective cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase inhibitor RU.521 and the stimulator of interferon genes inhibitor H151 effectively suppressed interferon regulatory factor 7 activation in BV2 microglia exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and inhibited transformation of mouse BV2 microglia into the neurotoxic M1 *** addition,si RNA-mediated knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 7 expression in BV2 microglia reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factorα,CD16,CD32,and CD86 and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory markers ARG1 and *** together,our findings indicate that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-interferon regulatory factor 7 pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

关键词： cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase H151 interferon regulatory factor 7 M1 phenotype neurodegenerative disease neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease RU521 STING type I interferon

Impact of Bubbles on Mechanical Performances in a Borosilicate Glass

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 25-29页

作者： LI Chengxing LI Dongfeng MA Shilong qiao Ang ZHENG Qingshuang China Helicopter Research and Development Institute Jingdezhen 333001China State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Ar-chitectures Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

To analyze the impact of bubbles on the mechanical behavior of glasses,by controlling the refining time,we prepared three borosilicate glasses with the same composition and different *** the analysis software integrated within the optical microscope,the diameter and number of the bubbles on the surface of three borosilicate glasses were *** the hardness and crack initiation resistance(CR),we built the relationship between the porosity and the mechanical performance of these borosilicate glasses.

关键词： bubbles oxide glass hardness creak initiation resistance

Co/Co_(7)Fe_(3)heterostructures with controllable alloying degree on carbon spheres as bifunctional electrocatalyst forrechargeable zinc-air batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 476-487页

作者： Junkang Chen yongyue Zhuang Yanxin qiao Yu Zhang Aihua Yuan Hu Zhou School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China

Exploring efficient and nonprecious metal electrocatalysts of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is crucial for developing rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,an alloying-degree control strategy was employed to fabricate nitrogen-doped carbon sphere(NCS)decorated with dual-phase Co/Co_(7)Fe_(3)heterojunctions(CoFe@NCS).The phase composition of materials has been adjusted by controlling the alloying *** optimal CoFe_(0.08)@NCS electrocatalyst displays a half-wave potential of 0.80 V for ORR and an overpotential of 283 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)for OER in an alkaline *** intriguing bifunctional electrocatalytic activity and durability is attributed to the hierarchically porous structure and interfacial electron coupling of highly-active Co_(7)Fe_(3)alloy and metallic Co *** the CoFe_(0.08)@NCS material is used as air-cathode catalyst of rechargeable liquid-state zinc-air battery(ZAB),the device shows a high peak power-density(157 mW·cm^(-2))and maintains a stable voltage gap over 150 h,outperforming those of the benchmark(Pt/C+RuO_(2))-based *** particular,the as-fabricated solid-state flexible ZAB delivers a reliable compatibility under different bending *** work provides a promising strategy to develop metal/alloy-based electrocatalysts for the application in renewable energy conversion technologies.

关键词： bifunctional electrocatalysts oxygen reduction reaction oxygen evolution reaction zinc-air battery metal/alloy carbon sphere

A dry-electrode enabled ECG-on-Chip with arrhythmia-aware data transmission

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年

作者： Xinzi XU Yanxing SUO Yang ZHAO Peiyi ZHOU Xiao HAN qiao CAI Min WANG Jiajun YUAN Liebin ZHAO yongfu LI Guoxing WANG yong LIAN Department of Micro-Nano Electronics and MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University Pediatric AI Clinical Application and Research Center Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligence Pediatrics (SERCIP) Child Health Advocacy Institute Shanghai Children's Medical Center School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligence Pediatrics (SERCIP) Xin Hua Hospital Affiliate to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

Early detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be significantly enhanced through the use of flexible wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors, potentially reducing CVD-related mortality. This paper introduces an ECG-on-Chip (EoC) solution tailored for flexible ECG sensors, incorporating novel features to address common challenges in wearable ECG technology. The EoC integrates a chopper-stabilized capacitively-coupled instrumentation amplifier (CS-CCIA),ensuring a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and low noise performance. Performance is further boosted via a positive feedback loop (PFL) and a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) with shared on-chip calibration logic, which enhances input impedance and minimizes gain variability to ensure consistent algorithm performance. Additionally, a secondary chopping technique is employed to further reduce noise, achieving an input-referred noise level of 454 nVrms. The embedded algorithm within the EoC is designed to extract clinically meaningful features, facilitating robust real-time arrhythmia analysis. Fabricated using a 0.18μm CMOS process, the EoC consumes 14.9μW with a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The algorithm’s efficacy has been validated over 0.4 million heartbeats, demonstrating a sensitivity of over 99.7%for R-peak detection and 98.3%for arrhythmia analysis. To demonstrate practical application, the EoC has been integrated with a commercial Bluetooth low energy (BLE)transceiver, forming a wireless arrhythmia monitoring sensor equipped with dry electrodes. This system consumes 292.04μW in arrhythmia-aware transmission mode, supporting 13 days of operation with a 30 mAh thin-film battery.

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Stiffness-tunable biomaterials provide a good extracellular matrix environment for axon growth and regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1364-1376页

作者： Ronglin Han Lanxin Luo Caiyan Wei Yaru qiao Jiming Xie Xianchao Pan Juan Xing Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan ProvinceChina Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan ProvinceChina

Neuronal growth, extension, branching, and formation of neural networks are markedly influenced by the extracellular matrix—a complex network composed of proteins and carbohydrates secreted by cells. In addition to providing physical support for cells, the extracellular matrix also conveys critical mechanical stiffness cues. During the development of the nervous system, extracellular matrix stiffness plays a central role in guiding neuronal growth, particularly in the context of axonal extension, which is crucial for the formation of neural networks. In neural tissue engineering, manipulation of biomaterial stiffness is a promising strategy to provide a permissive environment for the repair and regeneration of injured nervous tissue. Recent research has fine-tuned synthetic biomaterials to fabricate scaffolds that closely replicate the stiffness profiles observed in the nervous system. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular matrix stiffness regulates axonal growth and regeneration. We highlight the progress made in the development of stiffness-tunable biomaterials to emulate in vivo extracellular matrix environments, with an emphasis on their application in neural repair and regeneration, along with a discussion of the current limitations and future prospects. The exploration and optimization of the stiffness-tunable biomaterials has the potential to markedly advance the development of neural tissue engineering.

关键词： alginate axon growth biomaterials extracellular matrix neural repair neurons neuroregeneration polyacrylamide polydimethylsiloxane stiffness