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When to stop nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment for chronic hepatitis B? Durability of antiviral response

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7207-7212页

作者： Wonseok kang Jun yong Park Department of Internal Medicine Institute of GastroenterologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 120-752South Korea Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center Seoul 120-752South Korea

Introduction of nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs)for oral antiviral therapy has dramatically improved the clinical outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Although current international guidelines for the management of CHB provide information regarding when to begin the antiviral therapy with NAs,there is no clear consensus on when to stop the treatment,especially for those who respond to the *** B surface antigen loss has been regarded as an ideal endpoint of oral antiviral therapy with NAs,however since this is rarely achieved,practical endpoints have been suggested by the international *** the stopping rules recommended by the international guidelines,whether oral antiviral therapy with NAs can be safely discontinued is of major *** attention has been drawn to whether antiviral treatment with NAs can be a finite therapy,there is lack of sufficient data on off-treatment durability of highly potent *** on the available evidences,current guidelines for stopping NA therapy seems to be inadequate in terms of off-treatment durability,with relapse rates of more than 40%for both hepatitis Be antigen(HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative ***,further studies are required to accumulate data on off-treatment durability of highly potent NAs,and future studies are warranted to identify adequate predictive markers that could provide supplementary information to guide the timing of stopping NA therapy.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Antiviral therapy Nucleos(t)ide analogue Durability Cessation

Faecal microbiota transplantation enhances efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy against cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第32期27卷 5362-5375页

作者： yong-Bo kang Yue Cai Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesShanxi Medical UniversityJinzhong 030600Shanxi ProvinceChina

Even though immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are effective on multiple cancer types,there are still many non-responding patients.A possible factor put forward that may influence the efficacy of ICIs is the gut ***,faecal microbiota transplantation may enhance efficacy of ***,the data available in this field are insufficient,and relevant scientific work has just *** a result,the current work reviewed the latest research on the association of gut microbiota with ICI treatments based on anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibody and explored the therapeutic potential of faecal microbiota transplantation in combination with ICI therapy in the future.

关键词： Gut microbiome Immunotherapy Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 Immune checkpoint inhibitors resistance Faecal microbiota transplantation

An Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of Blastmycinone

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2005年第11期23卷 1519-1522页

作者： YANG, yong-Qing wu, Yi-kang State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

Blastmycinone, a degradation product of the antibiotic antimycin A, was synthesized with a TiCl4-mediated asymmetric aldolization as the key step. Some unexpected yet interesting chemistry was also observed.

关键词： lactone asymmetric synthesis aldol acylation chiral auxiliary

Postnatal development of rat retina:a continuous observation and comparison between the organotypic retinal explant model and in vivo development

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 900-912页

作者： Baoqi Hu Rui Wang Hanyue Zhang Xiou Wang Sijia Zhou Bo Ma Yan Luan Xin Wang Xinlin Chen Zhichao Zhang Qianyan kang Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Institute of Neurobiology Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina

The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell ***,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development ***,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo *** this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in ***,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor *** then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,***-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between ***,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,*** timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant *** study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina *** findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.

关键词： bipolar cells differentiation in vivo microglia Müller glia organotypic retinal explant culture postnatal retina development proliferation retinal progenitor cells

Effects of internals on phase holdup and backmixing in a slightly-expanded-bed reactor with gas–liquid concurrent upflow

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第10期27卷 2273-2283页

作者： kang Yu WeijieWang Tao Zhang Yumei yong Chao Yang CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China 3 PetroChina Petrochemical Research InstituteBeijing 102206China

Five different internals were designed,and their effects on phase holdup and backmixing were investigated in a gas–liquid concurrent upflow reactor where the spherical alumina packing particles of three diameters(3.0,4.5 and6.0 mm)were slightly expanded under the conditions of varied superficial gas velocities(6.77×10-2-3.61×10-1 m·s-1)and superficial liquid velocities(9.47×10-4-2.17×10-3 m·s-1).The experimental results show that the gas holdup increases with the superficial gas velocity and particle size,opposite to the variational trend of liquid *** an internal component is installed amid the upflow reactor,a higher gas holdup,a less liquid holdup and a larger Peclet number characterizing the weaker backmixing are obtained compared to those in the bed without internals under the same operating ***,the minimal backmixing is observed in the reactor equipped with the internals with a novel multi-step ***,empirical correlations were proposed for estimating gas holdup,liquid holdup and Peclet number with the relative deviations within 11%,12%and 25%,respectively.

关键词： Internals Phase holdup Backmixing Slightly-expanded-bed reactor Multiphase flow Hydrodynamics

Autophagy and inflammation in ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1388-1396页

作者： Yun Mo Yin-Yi Sun kang-yong Liu Department of Neurology Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Shanghai Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Neurology Shanghai university of medicine&health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu hospitalShanghaiChina

Appropriate autophagy has protective effects on ischemic nerve tissue,while excessive autophagy may cause cell *** inflammatory response plays an important role in the survival of nerve cells and the recovery of neural tissue after *** studies have found an interaction between autophagy and inflammation in the pathogenesis of ischemic *** study outlines recent advances regarding the role of autophagy in the post-stroke inflammatory response as follows.(1)Autophagy inhibits inflammatory responses caused by ischemic stimulation through mTOR,the AMPK pathway,and inhibition of inflammasome activation.(2)Activation of inflammation triggers the formation of autophagosomes,and the upregulation of autophagy levels is marked by a significant increase in the autophagy-forming markers LC3-II and *** stimulates microglia and inhibits ULK1 activity by direct phosphorylation of p38 MAPK,reducing the flux and autophagy level,thereby inducing inflammatory activity.(3)By blocking the activation of autophagy,the activation of inflammasomes can alleviate cerebral ischemic *** can also regulate the phenotypic alternation of microglia through the nuclear factor-κB pathway,which is beneficial to the recovery of neural tissue after *** have shown that some drugs such as resveratrol can exert neuroprotective effects by regulating the autophagy-inflammatory *** studies suggest that the autophagy-inflammatory pathway may provide a new direction for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

关键词： autophagy cerebral ischemia function inflammasome inflammation ischemia/refusion ischemic stroke macroautophagy neuroinflammation oxygen glucose deprivation

Emission wavelength selection via anomalous polarized fluorescence in ZnO-C nanowires

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4489-4497页

作者： Joon Kiat kang Kim yong Lim Chorng Haur Sow Department of Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117542Singapore

Defect fluorescence from high aspect ratio semiconductor nanowires typically displays a weak polarization parallel to the nanowire’s long axis due to dielectric mismatch in high aspect ratio ***,anomalous 2.2 eV defect fluorescence distinctly polarized perpendicular to the nanowire is observed and measured from carbon-incorporated zinc oxide *** observations are significant because polarized defect emissions with consistent polarization on a mesoscopic scale are *** a systematic study and comparison of experimental results with density functional theory calculations,an oriented defect complex comprising carbon substituting on an oxygen site and an oxygen vacancy(CO-VO)is deduced to be responsible for the anomalous yellow fluorescence,demonstrating a method for relating atomic-scale defect geometry to mesoscopic *** anomalous emission can appear in both green-and red-fluorescing nanowires grown with different carbon concentrations,verifying the independence and uniqueness of the 2.2 eV *** allows for polarization-dependent emission wavelength selection from a single nanowire.

关键词： anomalous polarization defects fluorescence zinc oxide carbon

Effect of compression direction on the dynamic recrystallization behavior of continuous columnar-grained CuNi10Fe1Mn alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第8期22卷 851-859页

作者： yong-kang Liu Hai-you Huang Jian-xin Xie Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing of the Ministry of Education Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation

The dynamic recrystallization（DRX） behavior of continuous columnar-grained（CCG） Cu Ni10Fe1 Mn alloy was investigated by hot compression along the solidification direction（SD） and perpendicular to the solidification direction（PD）. Specimens were compressed to a true strain of 0.8 at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 900°C and strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 10 s-1. The results indicate that DRX nucleation at grain boundaries（GBs） and DRX nucleation at slip bands（SBs） are the two main nucleation modes. For SD specimens, C-shaped bending and zig-zagging of the GBs occurred during hot compression, which made DRX nucleation at the GBs easier than that at the SBs. When ln Z ≤ 37.4（Z is the Zener–Hollomon parameter）, DRX can occur in SD specimens with a critical temperature for the DRX onset of;50°C and a thermal activated energy（Q） of 313.5 k J·mol-1. In contrast, in PD specimens, the GBs remained straight, and DRX nucleation occurred preferentially at the SBs. For PD specimens, the critical temperature is about 700°C, Q is 351.7 k J·mol-1, and the occurrence condition of DRX is ln Z ≤ 40.1. The zig-zagging of GB morphology can significantly reduce the nucleation energy at the GBs; as a result, DRX nucleation occurs more easily in SD specimens than in PD specimens.

关键词： copper–nickel alloys columnar grains compressive d

Diverse magnetism in stable and metastable structures of CrTe

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Frontiers of physics 2021年第6期16卷 151-156页

作者： Na kang Wenhui Wan Yanfeng Ge yong Liu State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology&Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province School of ScienceYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

In this paper,we systematically investigated the structural and magnetic properties of CrTe by combining particle swarm optimization algorithm and first-principles *** considering the electronic correlation effect,we predicted the ground-state structure of CrTe to be NiAs-type(space group P63/mmc)structure at ambient pressure,consistent with the experimental ***,we found two extra meta-stable Cmca and R3m structures which have negative formation enthalpy and stable phonon dispersion at ambient *** Cmca structure is a layered antiferromagnetic *** cleaved energy of a single layer is 0.464 J/m^(2),indicating the possible synthesis of CrTe *** R3m structure is a ferromagnetic *** external pressure is applied,the ground-state structure of CrTe transitions from P63/mmc structure to R3m structure at a pressure of 34 GPa,then to Fm3m structure at 42 *** thought these results help to motivate experimental studies of the CrTe compounds in the application of spintronics.

关键词： s CrTe meta-stable structure antiferromagnetic metal ferromagnetic half-metal