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Selective lithium recovery from black powder of spent lithiumion batteries via sulfation reaction:phase conversion and impurities influence

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Rare Metals 2023年第7期42卷 2350-2360页

作者： Hao Liu Jia-Liang Zhang Guo-Qiang Liang Meng wang yong-Qiang chen cheng-Yan wang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recycling and Extraction of Metals Beijing100083China

The aim of this study is to present a new understanding for the selective lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)via sulfation roasting.The composition of roasting products and reaction behavior of impurity elements were analyzed through thermodynamic calculations.Then,the effects of sulfuric acid dosage,roasting temperature,roasting time,and impurity elements were assessed on the leaching efficiency of valuable metals.Characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were employed to analyze the phase transformation mechanism during roasting process.The results indicate that after sulfation roasting(n(H_(2)SO_(4)):n(Li)=0.5,550℃,2 h),94%lithium can be selectively recovered by water leaching and more than 95%Ni,Co,and Mn can be leached through acid leaching without the addition of reduction agent.During the sulfation roasting process,the lithium in LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_zO_(2)is mainly converted to Li_(2)SO_(4),while the Ni,Co and Mn are first transformed to sulfate and then converted into oxide form.In addition,impurity elements such as Al and F will combine with lithium to form LiF and LiAlO_(2),which will reduce the leaching rate of lithium.These results provide a new understanding on the mechanisms of phase conversion during sulfation roasting and reveal the influence of impurity elements for the lithium recovery from spent LIBs.

关键词： Spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) Thermodynamic calculations Sulfation roasting Impurity elements Conversion mechanism

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Multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation of complex product change plan considering service performance

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第3期8卷 1058-1076页

作者： Ruizhao Zheng yong Zhang Xiaoyan Sun Faguang wang Lei Yang chen Peng Yulong wang School of Information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouChina Shenzhen Skyworth RGB Electronics Co. LtdShenzhenChina School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina

Design change is an inevitable part of the product development process.This study proposes an improved binary multi‐objective PSO algorithm guided by problem char-acteristics(P‐BMOPSO)to solve the optimisation problem of complex product change plan considering service performance.Firstly,a complex product multi‐layer network with service performance is established for the first time to reveal the impact of change effect propagation on the product service performance.Secondly,the concept of service performance impact(SPI)is defined by decoupling the impact of strongly associated nodes on the service performance in the process of change affect propagation.Then,a triple‐objective selection model of change nodes is established,which includes the three indicators:SPI degree,change cost,and change time.Furthermore,an integer multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation algorithm guided by problem characteristics is developed to solve the model above.Experimental results on the design change problem of a certain type of Skyworth TV verify the effectiveness of the established optimisation model and the proposed P‐BMOPSO algorithm.

关键词： multi‐objective particle swarm optimization product change service performance

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Decoupling engineering of formamidinium-cesium perovskites for efficient photovoltaics

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National Science Review 2022年第10期9卷 169-176页

作者： Haoran chen yong wang Yingping Fan Yuetian chen Yanfeng Miao Zhixiao Qin Xingtao wang Xiaomin Liu Kaicheng Zhu Feng Gao Yixin Zhao School of Environmental Science and Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Link?ping University Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security

Although pure formamidinium iodide perovskite(FAPbI3) possesses an optimal gap for photovoltaics,their poor phase stability limits the long-term operational stability of the devices.A promising approach to enhance their phase stability is to incorporate cesium into FAPbI3.However,state-of-the-art formamidinium-cesium(FA-Cs) iodide perovskites demonstrate much worse efficiency compared with FAPbI3,limited by the different crystallization dynamics of formamidinium and cesium,which result in poor composition homogeneity and high trap densities.We develop a novel strategy of crystallization decoupling processes of formamidinium and cesium via a sequential cesium incorporation approach.As such,we obtain highly reproducible,highly efficient and stable solar cells based on FA1-xCsxPbI3(x=0.05-0.16) films with uniform composition distribution in the nanoscale and low defect densities.We also revealed a new stabilization mechanism for Cs doping to stabilize FAPbI3,i.***.the incorporation of Cs into FAPbI3significantly reduces the electron-phonon coupling strength to suppress ionic migration,thereby improving the stability of FA-Cs-based devices.

关键词： formamidinium–cesium perovskite solar cell decoupling engineering sequential cesium incorporation uniform composition distribution

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Construction of Naphthalenediimide Lanthanide(Ⅲ)-MOFs and Composites Incorporated Electron-Rich Pyrene Derivative as Multifunctional Fluorescence Sensing for Nitro Aromatic Compounds and Aldehydes

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第3期42卷 283-293页

作者： Rong Huo Ting Zhang Guang Zeng chen wang yong Heng Xing Feng Ying Bai College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal UniversityDalianLiaoning116029 China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianLiaoning116023 China

The development of host-guest MOF luminescent composites has attracted considerable attention. However,it is still a challenge to reasonably design large scale conjugated polycarboxylic acids metal-organic framework (MOF) and modulate donor-acceptor interaction. Herein,a series of isostructural 3D porous lanthanide MOF [Ln_(2)(BINDI)0.5(NO_(3))(DMA)(H_(2)O)]∙DMA∙2.5H_(2)O (Ln = La (1),Ce (2),Pr (3) and Nd (4);H_(4)BINDI (N,N’-bis(5-isophthalic acid)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide) were synthesized. Considering the electron-deficient performances of Ln-BINDI MOFs,D-A type composites Ln-MOFs (1—4@H_(4)TBAPy) were prepared via the incorporation of electron-rich H_(4)TBAPy (1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoic acid) pyrene),which more improved the luminescence performance of complexes 1—4 and can be used as fluorescence sensors for the detection of nitro compounds and aldehydes. High sensitivity of 1@H_(4)TBAPy towards pNBA,pNA PNP,DNP,and TNP could be achieved through hydrogen bond interactions between MOF and analytes,as well as the π-π interaction between H_(4)TBAPy and the naphthalene ring of BINDI,thus the fluorescence quenching efficiency of 1@H_(4)TBAPy was better than that of the complex 1. In addition,it is found that 1@H_(4)TBAPy has high selectivity and sensitivity to aromatic aldehyde SA,5-Mesal and HMBA. Such strategy to enhance the emission of NDI based Ln-BINDI MOFs,will open up an avenue to obtain more fluorescent MOFs for sensing.

关键词： Ln-MOF Pyrene molecule NACs Aldehydes Fluorescence sensing Carboxylate ligands Charge transfer Donor-acceptor systems

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Residual-stress relaxation mechanism and model description of 5052H32 Al alloy spun ellipsoidal heads during annealing treatment

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Advances in Manufacturing 2022年第1期10卷 87-100页

作者： yong-cheng Lin Jiang-Shan Zhu Jia-Yang chen Jun-Quan wang School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083People’s Republic of China

Marginal-restraint mandrel-free spinning is an advanced technology for manufacturing ellipsoidal heads with large diameter-thickness ratios.Nevertheless,the spinning-induced residual stress,which greatly influences the in-service performance of spun heads,should be removed.In this study,the effects of annealing on the residual-stress relaxation behavior of 5052H32 aluminum alloy spun heads were investigated.It is found that the residual stress first rapidly decreases and then remains steady with the increase in annealing time at the tested annealing temperatures.The relaxation of the residual stress becomes increasingly obvious with the increase in annealing temperature.When the annealing temperature is less than 220℃,there are no obvious changes in grain size.Moreover,the spinning-induced dislocations are consumed by the static recovery behavior,which decreases the residual stress during annealing.When the annealing temperature is approximately 300℃,the broken grains transform into equiaxed grains.In addition,static recrystallization and recovery behaviors occur simultaneously to promote the relaxation of the residual stress.Considering the different stress relaxation mechanisms,a model based on the Zener-Wert-Avrami equation was established to predict the residual-stress relaxation behavior.Finally,the optimized annealing temperature and time were approximately 300C and 30 min,respectively.

关键词： Spinning Residual stress Annealing treatment Microstructure evolution Relaxation mechanism

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Facile and Cost-Efficient Synthesis of Photovoltaic Polymers via Direct Arylation Coupling

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第11期41卷 1663-1685,I0004页

作者： Xiao-chen wang Yuan Zhang Jia-Xin Yang Jin-Jun Shao Ming-Feng wang yong-Fang Li School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE)&Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) School of Flexible Electronics(Future Technologies)Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518172China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

As the high calibre candidate of lightweight and flexible solar cells,polymer solar cells(PSCs)have made tremendous progress in recent years.However,the active photovoltaic materials in PSCs are mainly synthesized by metal-mediated coupling reaction requiring harsh reaction conditions,multiple-step synthesis,and cumbersome purification,which is not cost-efficient and may bring toxicity concerns.It is not favorable to the production of photovoltaic polymers and PSC devices on a large scale,and therefore unsuitable for the PSCs industrialization.Direct arylation coupling reaction via aromatic C―H bonds activation enables the synthesis of conjugated polymers under mild conditions and simultaneously reduces synthetic steps,difficulty,and toxic reaction byproducts.This review provides an overview of the history of preparing representative photovoltaic polymers utilized in PSCs through direct arylation reactions and discusses the activity and selectivity of C―H bonds in typical building blocks under different reaction conditions.Especially,the impact of direct arylation condition on defect formation and photovoltaic performance of the photovoltaic polymers is addressed and compared with conventional Stille coupling methods.

关键词： Photovoltaic polymers Direct arylation coupling C―H bonds activation Polymer solar cells(PSCs) Organic solar cells(OSCs) Low-cost

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Large-scale Multi-modal Pre-trained Models: A Comprehensive Survey

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Machine Intelligence Research 2023年第4期20卷 447-482页

作者： Xiao wang Guangyao chen Guangwu Qian Pengcheng Gao Xiao-yong Wei Yaowei wang yonghong Tian Wen Gao Peng cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055China School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui UniversityHefei230601China School of Computer Science Peking UniversityBeijing100871China College of Computer Science Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

With the urgent demand for generalized deep models,many pre-trained big models are proposed,such as bidirectional encoder representations(BERT),vision transformer(ViT),generative pre-trained transformers(GPT),etc.Inspired by the success of these models in single domains(like computer vision and natural language processing),the multi-modal pre-trained big models have also drawn more and more attention in recent years.In this work,we give a comprehensive survey of these models and hope this paper could provide new insights and helps fresh researchers to track the most cutting-edge works.Specifically,we firstly introduce the background of multi-modal pre-training by reviewing the conventional deep learning,pre-training works in natural language process,computer vision,and speech.Then,we introduce the task definition,key challenges,and advantages of multi-modal pre-training models(MM-PTMs),and discuss the MM-PTMs with a focus on data,objectives,network architectures,and knowledge enhanced pre-training.After that,we introduce the downstream tasks used for the validation of large-scale MM-PTMs,including generative,classification,and regression tasks.We also give visualization and analysis of the model parameters and results on representative downstream tasks.Finally,we point out possible research directions for this topic that may benefit future works.In addition,we maintain a continuously updated paper list for large-scale pre-trained multi-modal big models:https://***/wangxiao5791509/MultiModal_BigModels_Survey.

关键词： Multi-modal(MM) pre-trained model(PTM) information fusion representation learning deep learning

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Real-time K-TIG welding penetration prediction on embedded system using a segmentation-LSTM model

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Advances in Manufacturing 2023年第3期11卷 444-461页

作者： yong-Hua Shi Zi-Shun wang Xi-Yin chen Yan-Xin Cui Tao Xu Jin-Yi wang School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006People's Republicof China

Keyhole tungsten inert gas(K-TIG)welding is capable of realizing single-sided welding and double-sided forming and has been widely used in medium and thick plate welding.In order to improve the accuracy of automatic weld identification and weld penetration prediction of robot in the process of large workpiece welding,a two-stage model is proposed in this paper,which can monitor the K-TIG welding penetration state in real time on the embedded system,called segmentation-LSTM model.The proposed system extracts 9 weld pool geometric features with segmentation network,and then extracts the weld gap using a traditional algorithm.Then these 10-dimensional features are input into the LSTM model to predict the penetration state,including under penetration,partial penetration,good penetration and over penetration.The recognition accuracy of the proposed system can reach 95.2%.In this system,to solve the difficulty of labeling data and lack of segmentation accuracy,an improved LabelMe capable of live-wire annotation tool and a novel loss function were proposed,respectively.The latter was also called focal dice loss,which enabled the network to achieve a performance of 0.933 mloU on the testing set.Finally,an improved slimming strategy compresses the network,making the segmentation network achieve real-time on the embedded system(RK3399pro).

关键词： Keyhole tungsten inert gas(K-TIG)welding Penetration state prediction Segmentation-LSTM model Embedded system Focal dice loss Improved LabelMe

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Selective removal of iron(Ⅲ) from highly salted chloride acidic solutions by solvent extraction using di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 528-537页

作者： Guoping Hu Yue Wu Desheng chen yong wang Tao Qi Lina wang Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Chemical Engineering The University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia

Metal ions including Fe^(3+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Ni^(2+),Co^(2+) and Cu^(2+) are commonly found in the leaching solution of laterite-nickel ores,and the pre-removal of Fe^(3+) is extremely important for the recovery of nickel and cobalt.Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate acid(D2EHPA)showed high extraction rate and selectivity of Fe^(3+) over other metal ions.The acidity of the aqueous solution is crucial to the extraction of Fe^(3+),and the stoichiometry ratio between Fe^(3+) and the extractant is 0.86:1.54.The enthalpy for the extraction of Fe^(3+) using D2EHPA was 19.50 kJ/mol.The extraction of Fe^(3+)was ≥99% under the optimized conditions after a three-stage solvent extraction process.The iron stripping effects of different reagents showed an order of H_(2)C_(2)O_(4)>NH_(4)HCO_(3)>HCl>NaCl>NaHCO_(3)>Na_(2)SO_(3).The stripping of Fe was ≥99% under the optimized conditions using H_(2)C_(2)O_(4) as a stripping reagent.

关键词： solvent extraction iron di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate acid separation

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Uncertainty relations for triples of observables and the experimental demonstrations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第5期66卷 97-105页

作者： Huang-Qiu-chen wang Bo Liu yong-Nan Sun Qi-Ping Su Zhe Sun Xiaoguang wang School of Physics Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310036China School of Information and Electrical Engineering Hangzhou City UniversityHangzhou 310015China Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province Department of PhysicsZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Uncertainty relations are of profound significance in quantum mechanics and quantum information theory.The well-known Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation presents the constraints on the spread of measurement outcomes caused by the non-commutability of a pair of observables.In this article,we study the uncertainty relation of triple observables to explore the relationship between the standard deviations and the commutators of the observables.We derive and tighten the multiplicative form and weighted summation form uncertainty relations,which are found to be dependent not only on the commutation relations of each pair of the observables but also on a newly defined commutator in terms of all the three observables.We experimentally test the uncertainty relations in a linear optical setup.The experimental and numerical results agree well and show that the uncer-tainty relations derived by us successfully present tight lower bounds in the cases of high-dimensional observables and the cases of mixed states.Our method of deriving the uncertainty relation can be extended to more than three observables.

关键词： Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation three observables commutation relation linear optical setup

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