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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB-Containing Al–Zn Binary Alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第7期32卷 653-659页

作者： Sang-Soo Shin gil-yong Yeom Tae-Yang Kwak Ik-Min Park Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pusan National University Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea Liquid Processing & Casting Technology R&BD Group Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Incheon 21999 Republic of Korea

The microstructure and mechanical properties of newly developed Al-35Zn cast alloys with TiB refiner addition were evaluated by X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry. The microstructure of these alloys featured α-Al den- drites surrounded by AI-Zn （α ＋ rI） eutectic structures. After the addition of TiB refiner, the alloy grain sizes decreased, and its morphology abruptly changed from dendritic to equiaxed grains. Such an im- proved microstructure of the modified alloys was accompanied by a significant increase in the tensile strength and elongation percentage compared to those of the AI-Zn or Zn-Al-based alloys. The results showed that with the increase of TiB content up to 0.05%, the morphology of α-Al dendrites and α ＋ T1 phases changed from coarse dendrite and lamellar structures into independent and fine ones. Based on these results, the effect of TiB refiner addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AI-35Zn binary alloys was investigated.

关键词： Al-Zn(-Cu) alloyEutectic structureHigh strengthTiB2

End-of-life batteries management and material flow analysis in South Korea

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第3期12卷 55-67页

作者： Hyunhee Kim yong-Chul Jang Yeonjung hwang Youngjae Ko Hyunmyeong Yun Department of Environmental Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 South Korea Waste to Energy Research Division Environmental Resources Research Department National Institute of Environmental Research Incheon 22689 South Korea Daejeon Green Environment Center Daejeon 34134 South Korea

Consumers increasingly have worn-out batteries as electrical and electronic equipment with new technical developments are introduced into the market and quickly replace older models. As a result, large amounts of end-of-life （EOL） or waste batteries are generated. Such batteries may contain a variety of materials that includes valuable resources as well as toxic elements. Thus, the proper recycling and management of batteries is very important from the perspective of resource conservation and environmental effect. The collection and recycling of EOL batteries is relatively low in South Korea compared to other countries, although an extended producer responsibility （EPR） policy was adopted for battery recycling in 2003. In this study, the management and material flow of EOL batteries is presented to determine potential problems and quantitative flow, based on literature review, site visits to battery recycling facilities, and interviews with experts in the Korea Battery Recycling Association （KBRA）, manufacturers, and regulators in government. The results show that approximately 558 tons of manganese-alkaline batteries, the largest fraction among recycling target items, was disposed in landfills or incinerators in 2015, while approximately 2,000 tons of batteries were recovered at a recycling facility by simple sorting and crushing processes. By raising environmental awareness, more diverse and effective collection systems could be established for consumers to easily dispose of EOL batteries in many places. Producers, retailers and distributors in South Korea should also play an important role in the collection of EOL batteries from consumers. Lithium-ion batteries from many electronic devices must be included in the EPR system for resource recovery.

关键词： End-of-life battery Recycling Material flow analysis (MFA)Extended producer responsibility (EPR)Resource recovery

Crushing behavior of lightmass structural member

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第B9期19卷 276-279页

作者： Kil-Sung LEE yong-June YANG Woo-Chae hwang In-Young YANG Department of Mechatronics Chosun University of Science and Technology Department of Advanced Part and Materials Engineering Chosun University Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Chosun University

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) of the advanced composite materials is widely used in lightmass structural materials of air planes, ship and automobiles because of high strength and stiffness. In this study, experimental investigation was performed for each specimen. The square section members consist of aluminum, CFRP and hybrid (aluminum/CFRP) member, and hat-shaped section members consist of CFRP and hybrid (aluminum/CFRP) members specimen. Based on the collapse characteristics of aluminum square section member, the collapse characteristics and energy absorption capability of hat-shaped section members were analyzed. The axial static collapse tests were carried out for each section member. The collapse modes and the energy absorption capability of the members were analyzed. In the lightmass design aspect, the collapse characteristics and energy absorption capability of the members were compared.

关键词：碳纤维增强复合材料碳纤维复合材料能量吸收能力行为构件破碎航空飞机 CFRP

Assessment of incidental focal colorectal uptake by analysis of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography parameters

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第17期10卷 5634-5645页

作者： Haejun Lee Kyung-Hoon hwang Kwang An Kwon Department of Nuclear Medicine Gachon University College of MedicineGil Medical CenterIncheon 21565South Korea Department of Gastroenterology Gachon University College of MedicineGil Medical CenterIncheon 21565South Korea

BACKGROUND Colon and rectal cancers are among the top five cancers worldwide in terms of their incidence and mortality *** the treatment options for cure include surgery even in specific advanced-stage cases,the early detection of lesions is important for applying active treatment ***-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)is an established imaging study for many types of cancers;however,physiologic uptake in the gastrointestinal tract is a frequent finding and may interfere with lesion ***,as unexpectedly observed focal colorectal F-18 FDG uptake may harbor malignant lesions,further examination must not be *** To assess the clinical implications of unexpected focal colorectal F-18 FDG uptake by analyzing FDG PET *** A total of 15143 F-18 FDG PET/CT scans performed at our hospital between January 2016 and September 2021 were retrospectively reviewed to identify incidentally observed focal colorectal FDG ***,83 regions showing focal colorectal FDG uptake with final histopathological reports from 80 patients(45 men and 35 women with mean ages of 66.9±10.7 years and 63.7±15.3 years,respectively)were eligible for inclusion in the present *** focal hypermetabolic colorectal region was classified as malignant,premalignant,or benign according to the histopathological *** parameters such as maximum and peak standardized uptake value(SUVmax and SUVpeak),metabolic tumor volume(MTV),mean SUV of the metabolic tumor volume(mSUVmtv),and total lesion glycolysis(TLG)were measured or calculated for the corresponding hypermetabolic *** and nonparametric statistical comparisons of these parameters were performed among the three *** operating characteristic curves were plotted to identify cut-off *** The detection rate of incidental focal colorectal uptake was 0.53%(80/15,143).Of the 83 regions with unexpected fo

关键词： Colorectal Incidental Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography/computed tomography Standardized uptake value

Effects of Flower Buds Extract of Tussilago farfara on Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats and Inflammatory Response in BV2 Microglia

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第11期24卷 844-852页

作者： Ji Hye hwang Vinoth Kumar R Seok yong Kang Hyo Won Jung yong-Ki Park Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine College of Korean Medicine Gachon University Department of Herbology College of Korean Medicine Dongguk University

Objective： To investigate the effects of the flower buds extract of Tussilago farfara Linné（Farfarae Flos; FF） on focal cerebral ischemia through regulation of inflammatory responses in activated microglia. Methods： Brain ischemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion（t MCAO） for 90 min and reperfusion for 24 h. Twenty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups（n=5 per group）： normal, t MCAO-induced ischemic control, t MCAO plus FF extract 300 mg/kg-treated, and t MCAO plus MK-801 1 mg/kg-treated as reference drug. FF extract（300 mg/kg, p.o.） or MK-801（1 mg/kg, i.p.） was administered after reperfusion. Brain infarction was measured by 2,3,5,-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Neuronal damage was observed by haematoxylin eosin, Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry using anti-neuronal nuclei（Neu N）, anti-glial fibril ary acidic protein（GFAP）, and antiCD11 b/c（OX42） antibodies in ischemic brain. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase（i NOS）, tumor necrosis factor（TNF-α）, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 a（HIF-1α） were determined by Western blot. BV2 microglial cel s were treated with FF extract or its main bioactive compound, tussilagone with or without lipopolysaccharide（LPS）. Nitric oxide（NO） production was measured in culture medium by Griess assay. The expressions of i NOS, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of i NOS, and COX-2 proteins, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK and the nuclear expression of NF-κB p65 in BV2 cells were determined by Western blot. Results： FF extract significantly decreased brain infarctions in ischemic rats（P〈0.01）. The neuronal death and the microglia/astrocytes activation in ischemic brains were inhibited by FF extract. FF extract also suppressed i NOS, TNF-α, and HIF-1α expression in ischemic brains. FF extract（0.2 and 0.5 mg/m L, P〈0.01） and tussilagone 20 and 50 μmol/L, P〈0

关键词： Tussilago farfara focal cerebral ischemia inflammation microglia tussilagone

Comparison of intravitreal ganciclovir monotherapy and combination with foscarnet as initial therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第10期11卷 1638-1642页

作者： Jing-Jing Fan yong Tao De-Kuang hwang Department of Ophthalmology People's Hospital Peking University Department of Ophthalmology the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Department of Ophthalmology Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical University Department of Ophthalmology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University

AIM：To compare the effectiveness between multiple intravitreal injections of ganciclovir alone and combined with foscarnet as initial treatment for patients with newlyonset cytomegalovirus retinitis （CMVR）.METHODS：The retrospective study observed 37 patients（58 eyes） who suffered from CMVR onset between 2013 and 2015. Among them, 35 eyes underwent 4 weekly intravitreal injections of 3.0 mg ganciclovir, and 23 eyes underwent 4 weekly injections of 3.0 mg ganciclovir combined with 2.4 mg foscarnet. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure and viral load of cytomegalovirus （CMV） in aqueous humor measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction were compared before and after each ***：CMV-DNA copies in aqueous humor decreased remarkably in both groups. The average of CMV-DNA copies in patients’ aqueous decreased from 38.3×10~4 copies/mL at baseline to 2.2×10~4 copies/mL after the 4^（th） injection in patients who were treated with ganciclovir monotherapy,and decreased from 76.9×10~4 copies/mL to 11.3×10~4 copies/mL after 4 continuous injections of ganciclovir combined with foscarnet. No significant difference was found in reduction of viral load, change of visual acuities or intraocular pressures between monotherapy or combined ***：Results of this study show that the initial effectiveness of treating CMVR after 4 weekly intravitreal injections is not significantly different from ganciclovir alone or combined with foscarnet. Continuous injection of ganciclovir alone is sufficient in treating immunosuppressive patients with newly-onset CMVR.

关键词： ganciclovir foscarnet cytomegalovirus retinitis intravitreal visual acuity

Assessment of pathogens and risk factors associated with bloodstream infection in the year after pediatric liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第11期28卷 1159-1171页

作者： Yeong Eun Kim Ho Jung Choi Hye-Jin Lee Hyun Ju Oh Mi Kyoung Ahn Seak Hee Oh Jung-Man Namgoong Dae Yeon Kim Won Kyoung Jhang Seong Jong Park Dong-Hwan Jung Deok Bog Moon Gi-Won Song gil-Chun Park Tae-yong Ha Chul-Soo Ahn Ki-Hun Kim Shin hwang Sung Gyu Lee Kyung Mo Kim Department of Pediatrics Asan Medical Center Children's HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul 05505South Korea Division of Pediatric Surgery Department of SurgeryAsan Medical Center Children's HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul 05505South Korea Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Department of SurgeryAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul 05505South Korea

BACKGROUND Bloodstream infection(BSI)is one of the most significantly adverse events that can occur after liver transplantation(LT)in *** To analyze the profile of BSI according to the postoperative periods and assess the risk factors after pediatric *** Clinical data,collected from medical charts of children(n=378)who underwent primary LT,were retrospectively *** primary outcome considered was BSI in the first year after *** and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for BSI and respective odds ratios(ORs).RESULTS Of the examined patients,106(28%)experienced 162 episodes of pathogen-confirmed BSI during the first year after *** were 1.53±0.95 episodes per children(mean±SD)among BSIcomplicated patients with a median onset of 0.4 mo *** most common pathogenic organisms identified were Coagulase-negative staphylococci,followed by Enterococcus *** Streptococcus *** half(53%)of the BSIs were of unknown *** analysis demonstrated that young age(≤1.3 year;OR=2.1,P=0.011),growth failure(OR=2.1,P=0.045),liver support system(OR=4.2,P=0.008),and hospital stay of>44 d(OR=2.3,P=0.002)were independently associated with BSI in the year after *** BSI was frequently observed in patients after pediatric LT,affecting survival *** profile of BSI may inform clinical treatment and management in high-risk children after LT.

关键词： Bloodstream infection Liver transplantation Children Pathogens

Clinical Experience with the Fifth-Generation of a Breast Implant with a Smooth, Fine Surface from a Korean Manufacturer in Asian Women

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第6期10卷 132-144页

作者： Dong Yeon hwang Sang Wha Kim Joon yong Jung Robert Kim NANA Plastic Surgery Seoul Korea Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Seoul National University Hospital College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea Department of Radiology Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Affairs Doctor CONSULT Seoul Korea

Background: In this study, we describe our clinical experience with the fifth-generation of a breast implant with a smooth, fine surface from a Korean manufacturer (BellaGel® SmoothFine;HansBiomed Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea) in Asian women. Methods: We analyzed 223 women (mean age = 35.28 ± 9.45 years and mean follow-up period = 12.03 ± 2.48 months), comprising 118 bilateral cases and 109 unilateral ones, who received breast augmentation using the BellaGel® SmoothFine at our hospital between June 4, 2018 and February 28, 2019. For safety assessment, we analyzed frequencies of postoperative complications and overall survival of the BellaGel® SmoothFine. Results: Postoperatively, complications (12 cases, 5.38%) include asymmetry (3 cases, 1.35%), hematoma (2 cases, 0.90%), hypertrophic scars (2 cases, 0.90%), wound disruption (2 cases, 0.90%), rippling (1 case, 0.45%), capsular contracture (1 case, 0.45%), stretch deformities with skin excess (1 case, 0.45%). In addition, time-to-events were calculated as 10.94 ± 0.64 months (95% CI 9.69 - 12.19) and the survival rate reached 0.290 ± 0.168 (95% CI 0.094 - 0.901) at 12 months postoperatively. Conclusions: Here, we describe our clinical experience with the BellaGel® SmoothFine. Our results are of significance in that this is the first report about the fifth-generation of a breast implant with a smooth, fine surface from a Korean manufacturer for Asian women.

关键词： Clinical Study Retrospective Studies Surgical Procedures Operative Postoperative Period Follow-Up Studies

Steam activation of Fe-N-C catalyst for advanced power performance of alkaline hydrazine fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 276-285,I0008页

作者： Sooan Bae Jihyeon Park Yuna hwang Jin-Soo Park Jaeyoung Lee Beomgyun Jeong Research Center for Materials Analysis Korea Basic Science Institute169-14&Gwahak-roDaejeon 34133Republic of Korea School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology123 Cheomdangwagi-ro.Buk-guGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Department of Green Chemical Engineering Sangmyung University31 Sangmyungdae-gilDongnam-gu.CheonanChungnam Province 31066Republic of Korea Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology123 Cheomdangwagi-roBuk-giiGwangju 61005Republic of Korea

Alkaline hydrazine liquid fuel cells(AHFC) have been highlighted in terms of high power performance with non-precious metal *** Fe-N-C is a promising non-Pt electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),the surface density of the active site is very low and the catalyst layer should be thick to acquire the necessary number of catalytic active *** this thick catalyst layer,it is important to have an optimum pore structure for effective reactant conveyance to active sites and an interface structure for faster charge ***,we prepare a Fe-N-C catalyst with magnetite particles and hierarchical pore structure by steam *** steam activation process significantly improves the power performance of the AHFC as indicated by the lower IR and activation voltage *** on a systematic characterization,we found that hierarchical pore structures improve the catalyst utilization efficiency of the AHFCs,and magnetite nanoparticles act as surface modifiers to reduce the interracial resistance between the electrode and the ion-exchange membrane.

关键词： Alkaline hydrazine fuel cell Oxygen reduction reaction Electrocatalyst Steam activation Ohmic loss Interfacial resistance Surface modifier