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Steroidal scaffold decorations in Solanum alkaloid biosynthesis

Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1236-1254页

作者： Rosalind Lucier Mohamed O.Kamileen yoko Nakamura Sofiia Serediuk Ranjit Barbole Jens Wurlitzer Maritta Kunert Sarah Heinicke Sarah E.O'Connor Prashant D.Sonawane Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Research Group Biosynthesis and NMR Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Biochemical Sciences Division CSIR-National Chemical LaboratoryPune 411008MaharashtraIndia

Steroidal glycoalkaloids(SGAs)are specialized metabolites produced by hundreds of Solanum species,including important vegetable crops such as tomato,potato,and *** it has been known that SGAs play important roles in defense in plants and“anti-nutritional"effects(e.g.,toxicity and bitterness)to humans,many of these molecules have documented anti-cancer,anti-microbial,antiinflammatory,anti-viral,and anti-pyretic *** these,α-solasonine andα-solamargine isolated from black nightshade(Solanum nigrum)are reported to have potent anti-tumor,anti-proliferative,and anti-inflammatory ***,α-solasonine andα-solamargine,along with the core steroidal aglycone solasodine,are the most widespread SGAs produced among the Solanum ***,it is still unknown how plants synthesize these bioactive steroidal *** comparative metabolomictranscriptome-guided approach,biosynthetic logic,combinatorial expression in Nicotiana benthamiana,and functional recombinant enzyme assays,here we report the discovery of 12 enzymes from *** that converts the starting cholesterol precursorto solasodine aglycone,and the downstreamα-solasonine,α-solamargine,and malonyl-solamargine SGA *** further identified six enzymes from cultivated eggplant that catalyze the production ofα-solasonine,α-solamargine,and malonyl-solamargine SGAs from solasodine aglycone via glycosylation and atypical malonylation *** work provides the gene tool box and platform for engineering the production of high-value,steroidal bioactive molecules inheterologoushosts usingsyntheticbiology.

关键词： steroidal glycoalkaloids Solanum biosynthetic pathway α-solamargine malonyl-solamargine specialized metabolites

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Pipe Inspection System by Guide Wave Using a Long Distance Waveguide

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2015年第4期5卷 139-149页

作者： Riichi murayama Kenshi Matsumoto Kenji Ushitani Makiko Makiko Department of Intelligent Mechanical Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan

In the industrial fields, many high temperature structures that require a non-destructive inspection exist. However, there are currently few sensors that can carry out non-destructive testing in a high temperature environment. In particular, the ultrasonic sensor is normally not used at over 50 degrees Celsius. Also, a special sensor for high temperature is currently available, but there are various constraints;it has not yet reached a level that is useful in industry. Therefore, we have been developing a new sensor system using a long waveguide which can transmit an ultrasonic wave from a long distance. Especially, this study focuses on applying the developed technique to a pipe which is used in a nuclear power plant. Therefore, the best rectangular-shaped waveguide was studied and attempted to be wound around a pipe to be driven by an acoustic source of a guide wave. Finally, the L (0, 2) and T (0, 1)-mode guide waves were successfully detected by optimizing the shape of the opposite edge of the rectangular-shaped waveguide that could detect the reflected signal from an artificial defect machined into a test pipe.

关键词： Waveguide Guide Wave EMAT Nondestructive Inspection Pipe

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Relationship between Cognition and Activities of Daily Living in Elderly Women with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Japan

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第4期3卷 251-253页

作者： Miwa Yamamoto Kyoko Izumi yoko Aso Kyoto Koka Women’s University Department of Nursing Kyoto Japan Osaka prefecture University College of Health and Human Science Osaka Japan Osaka university Graduate School of Medicine Division of Health Sciences Osaka Japan

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between cognition and ADL in elderly women with MIC. Methods: Cognitive function was assessed using a 4-item instrument screening for dementia. Each item was scaled from 1 to 4. The Katz Index was used to Participants (N = 680) were asked to return the completed questionnaire in the sealed envelope provided. The study received approval from the human subject’s ethics committee at Osaka University. Results and Conclusion: Participants’ mean age was 78.2 ± 6.5 years old. The age range of participants was 65 to 97 years old. Associations were not statistically significant between cognitive function and family structure. However, associations were significant for ADL items involving excretory failure (OR = 3.5, p = 0.000 in 2004, OR = 2.9, p = 0.000 in 2005;P < 0.05) using a logistic regression analysis adjusted for age. Therefore, we recommend that nurses work to educate the public about treatment-adjusted dementia in the community, teaching family members or caretakers to observe the ADL of the elderly, being watchful for unusual excretory habits, extra clothes, or the smell of elderly persons’ dirty clothing.

关键词： Woman’s Elderly Cognitive Function ADL Community

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Quantitative versus Qualitative Geospatial Data in Spatial Modelling and Decision Making

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2012年第3期4卷 237-241页

作者： Ko Ko Lwin Yuji murayama Chiaki Mizutani Division of Spatial Information Science Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba

In general, geospatial data can be divided into two formats, raster and vector formats. A raster consists of a matrix of cells where each cell contains a value representing quantitative information, such as temperature, vegetation intensity, land use/cover, elevation, etc. A vector data consists of points, lines and polygons representing location or distance or area of landscape features in graphical forms. Many raster data are derived from remote sensing techniques using sophisticated sensors by quantitative approach and many vector data are generated from GIS processes by qualitative approach. Among them, land use/cover data is frequently used in many GIS analyses and spatial modeling processes. However, proper use of quantitative and qualitative geospatial data is important in spatial modeling and decision making. In this article, we discuss common geospatial data formats, their origins and proper use in spatial modelling and decision making processes.

关键词： Quantitative and Qualitative Geospatial Data Spatial Modelling and Decision Making

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Effect of Nutrition Education Using Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) on Glycemic Control in Non-Insulin-Treated Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第9期3卷 1202-1208页

作者： Miyo Hasegawa Hideo Sasaki Masao Hara Nobuko murayama Department of Community Health and Welfare Center Niigata Medical Center Niigata Japan Department of Diabetes Center Niigata Medical Center Niigata Japan Graduate School of Health and Welfare Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan

The effect of nutrition education using self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycemic control was investigated in the present study. Of 36 males and 25 females aged 30 - 69 years under outpatient treatment at 3 hospitals in Niigata prefecture, Japan, 61 non-insulin-treated obese type 2 diabetes patients with HbA1c of 6.9% - 9.3% and body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or higher were randomly allocated. Thirty and 31 patients were analyzed in intervention and control groups, respectively. The intervention group performed self-monitoring of blood glucose 2 hours after supper twice a week for 6 months and underwent nutrition education on the association between meals and postprandial blood glucose once every 2 months. The primary outcome was glycated hemoglobin, with the secondary outcome of body mass index. Stages of change for eating the appropriate supper amount were investigated to verify the process of the educational effect, and satisfaction with diabetes treatment and well-being were investigated to verify the continuity of treatment. On intention-to-treat analysis, glycated hemoglobin (mean ± SD) decreased from 7.9% ± 0.6% to 7.7% ± 0.6% in the intervention group but increased from 7.9% ± 0.6% to 8.1% ± 0.6% in the control group, showing a significant difference in the change after intervention between the groups (p = 0.027). In the intervention group, body mass index decreased from 28.9 ± 3.8 to 28.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2 (p = 0.019), the stages of change to learn the appropriate amount of supper progressed (p = 0.026), and satisfaction with diabetes treatment increased (p = 0.031).

关键词： SMBG Glycemic Control Nutrition Education Satisfaction with Diabetes Non-Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes

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Decomposition Free Al2TiO5-MgTi2O5Ceramics with Low-Thermal Expansion Coefficient

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New Journal of Glass and Ceramics 2013年第4期3卷 111-115页

作者： Masahiro Fukuda Toshinobu yoko Masahide Takahashi 1Department of Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan 2Ohcera Co. Ltd. Osaka Japan Department of Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan 2Ohcera Co. Ltd Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan.

Solid solutions of (1 - x)Al2TiO5-xMgTi2O5 (x = 0 - 1) doped with alkaline feldspar were prepared. Thermal decomposition largely depends on the feldspar doping as same as the x value. It was found that decomposition free ceramics over 500 hours of heat treatment at 1100°C in an ambient atmosphere could be obtained for the feldspar-doped ceramics at x > 0.5 with a fracture strength of 33 - 40 MPa and coefficient of thermal expansion of 2.4 - 4.1 ×10-6K-1. A partial decomposition was observed for a compositional range of around x = 0.75. Both composition of the solid solution and an addition of the alkaline feldspar contributed synergistically to improve such thermal and mechanical properties. The decomposition free Al2TiO5-MgTi2O5 ceramics is expected for variety of high temperature applications including diesel particulate filters.

关键词： Diesel Particulate Filters Thermal Shock Resistance Aluminumtitanate Magnesium Titanate

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 935-944页

作者： Eiji Kawasaki Hidekazu Tamai Takahiro Fukuyama yoko Sagara Ryutaro Hidaka Aira Uchida Masayuki Tojikubo Narihito Tatsumoto Yuko Akehi Yuji Hiromatsu The Diabetes Thyroid and Endocrine CenterShin-Koga HospitalKurume 830-8577Japan

BACKGROUND In recent years,the emergence of multiplex technology that can simultaneously measure multiple anti-islet autoantibodies has become particularly valuable for the staging and early diagnosis of immune-mediated type 1 diabetes(T1D).While it has been established that 20%-30%of T1D patients suffer from autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD),there is limited available data regarding the presence of anti-islet autoantibodies in AITD *** commercially available anti-islet autoantibodies,glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies(GADAs)are often the first marker measured in general clinical *** To investigate the frequency of anti-islet autoantibodies in AITD *** Our study involved four hundred ninety-five AITD patients,categorized into three distinct groups:AITD with T1D(n=18),AITD with phenotypic type 2 diabetes(T2D)(n=81),and AITD without diabetes(n=396),and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to determine the frequencies of 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody(3 Screen ICA),GADA,insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies(IA-2As),and zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies(ZnT8As)within these *** The frequency of 3 Screen ICA in AITD patients with T1D,T2D,and those without diabetes were 88.9%,6.2%,and 5.1%,respectively,with no significant difference seen between the latter two ***,the frequency of 3 Screen ICA was 11.1%higher in AITD patients with T1D,1.3%higher in AITD patients with T2D,and 1.1%higher in AITD patients without diabetes compared to GADA,***,12.5%,20.0%,and 20.0%of the 3 Screen ICA-positive patients were negative for ***,1.3%of the AITD patients who tested negative for 3 Screen ICA in both the AITD with T2D and non-diabetic AITD groups were found to be positive for individual *** the 3 Screen ICA-positive patients,there was a significantly higher proportion of individuals with multiple autoantibodies in AITD patients with T1D com

关键词： Anti-islet autoantibodies Autoimmune thyroid disease Real-world practice Retrospective study Type 1 diabetes

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Fermented Herbal Decoction Selectively Targeting Human Cancer Cell Line and Human Pathogenic Microorganism

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2018年第1期8卷 17-33页

作者： Nobuo Yamaguchi Nurmuhammat Amat Kazuhiro Okamoto Tsugiya murayama Ishikawa Natural Medicinal Product Research Center Kawakawa Japan Traditional Uyghur Medicine Institute Xingjian Medical University Urumqi China Department of Rehabilitation Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada Japan Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokuriku University Kanazawa Japan

Introduction: Prolonged immuno-suppressed status promised to induce internal growth of malignant cell and infectious agent, yet, only a small part of affected individuals seek medical attention or berried by commercially over-flowed fake information. Several studies have described complementary and alternative medicine as effective strategies for improving anti-infectious agent including malignant cell. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a fermented herbal decoction (FHD) both in vitro and in vivo to malignant cells and microorganism by regulating leukocyte subset proportioning FHD as dietary material. Methods: In this approach of alternative study, selective anti-cancer effect by fermented decoction was tried to show first in vitro system both, cancer cell and virus strain. The fermented herbal decoction consisting of 80 sorts of herbs and fruits. The selective toxicity was set up and then for immunological factors in animal and human. The most important factor is to reduce side effect for a normal cell. Results: First, FHD was proved as safe by animal test. FHD regulated also the proportion of granulocyte and lymphocyte ratio both animal and human. In vitro culture showed selective toxicity by FHD against human melanoma and leukemia cell line but reduced toxicity was showed by normal cell line. As for the anti-virus activity, anti-virus effect was tested on the feeder layer of human fibroblast cell, after 9 days of culture. Second, FHD inhibits colon cancer growth in 3-methylholanthrene induced cancer in rat. Conclusion: The present results suggest that our fermented herbal decoction showed selective anti-cancer activities and anti-virus activities, together with the regulative effect on the immune system.

关键词： Fermented Herbal Decoction Human Malignant Cell Line Human Normal Cell Line Anti-Virus Activity 3-Methylholanthrene Experimental Colon Can-cer In Vitro In Vivo Anti-Cancer Trial

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Measurement of Shear Stress Acting on Flat Plate Using Oil Film Interferometry

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2023年第S1期13卷 217-225页

作者： Takamitsu Fujino Masaki Endo Hiromasa Suzuki yoko Sakakibara Mechanical Engineering Tokyo Denki University Saitama Japan Division of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo Denki University Saitama Japan Production Systems Engineering Course Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology Tokyo Japan

Measurements of frictional resistance play an important role in engineering practice. There are several types of air resistance acting on an aircraft, for example. One of them, frictional resistance, accounts for half of the air resistance. Oil film interferometry is one of methods for measuring the frictional resistance. Oil dropped on an object is thinly stretched by the frictional resistance. The bright and dark fringe pattern is generated when monochromatic light is applied to the oil film. The gradient of the oil thickness decreases with the lapse of time, and thus the spacing between neighboring the dark lines increases. The rate at which the spacing increases is proportional to the frictional resistance. In this study, the frictional resistance acting on a small area on a plate was measured and compared with the theoretical value. As a result, these results qualitatively agree well with each other.

关键词： Oil Film Interferometry Fluid Friction Turbulent Flow Interference Fringes

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Ultrasonic Inspection System Using a Long Waveguide with an Acoustic Horn for High-Temperature Structure

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Journal of Sensor Technology 2014年第4期4卷 177-185页

作者： Riichi murayama Masayuki Kobayashi Kenshi Matsumoto Makiko Kobayashi Department of Intelligent Mechanical Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan

The nondestructive inspection of a high temperature structure is required in order to guarantee its safety. However, there are no useful sensors for high temperature structures. Some of them cannot work at temperatures over 50°C. Another concern is that they are too expensive to use. A sensing system, which can transmit and receive an ultrasonic wave that travels a long distance using a long waveguide, has been studied. We confirmed that the optimal guided ultrasonic wave could travel more than 10 m using an electromagnetic transducer (EMAT) with a thin Ni-sheet surrounded on the surface of the bar and a 2-mm diameter bar as the waveguide. However, we had the difficult problem of receiving the reflected ultrasonic wave from the inside of a test specimen. We tried to improve the trial inspection system using an acoustic horn. An experiment in which the temperature of the test block was heated to about 500°C has now been completed. Finally, the condition of the bend in the waveguide to pass without reflection was confirmed.

关键词： Guide Wave Waveguide Acoustic Horn NDI Thickness Measurement

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