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Use of Cost Effective Semi-Automated (Mannual/Micro) MGIT System over BACTEC 960 to Perform First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Sensitivity Testing

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2016年第4期4卷 227-234页

作者： yogita Mistry Sangita Rajdev Summaiya Mullan Department of Microbiology Government Medical College Surat India

Introduction: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) that is the tuberculosis that is resistant to at least 2 of the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs is fatal infectious disease. Cases of MDR-TB are now increasing with 30,000 cases of MDR-TB reported in 2013 by national TB programme. Rapid diagnosis of MDR-TB is extremely important for rapid treatment of patient and to prevent spread of MDR-TB to other. BACTEC 960 system helps in rapid diagnosis but purchase of expensive instrument for the same is the limitation. However, the same purpose can be solved by use of semi-automated MGIT system. Aims and Objectives: Aim of this study is to do drug sensitivity testing of the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs with the use of semi-automated MGIT systems. 350 newly registered and suspected cases of tuberculosis in tertiary care hospital were included. Samples were processed for digestion and decontamination and inoculated in MGIT tubes and also on LJ medium. Reading was taken using semi-automated MGIT system. Positive tubes were confirmed by rapid test for M. tuberculosis and then drug sensitivity was performed. Result: Out of 350 samples, 62% were sputum;33% were pleural fluid and rest 5% were lymph node, Ascetic fluid, CSF, pus. Average day of positivity by MGIT was 13 - 20 days as compared to 25 - 37 days by solid medium, which was statistically significant with p value Conclusion: Manual MGIT System is a simple, efficient, safe to use diagnostic system. It does not require any expensive/special instrumentation other than the UV lamp for detection of fluorescence. The rapidity by which mycobacteria are detected is the most important advantage of the Manual MGIT. In areas with limited resources where purchase of expensive instruments such as the MGIT960 is out of scope, the use of manual MGIT for rapid susceptibility testing for MDR-TB could be a possibility.

关键词： Semi-Automated MGIT System MDR-TB First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs

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Analysis of Compliance and Barriers for Hand Hygiene Practices among Health Care Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic Management in Tertiary Care Hospital of India—An Important Step for Second Wave Preparedness

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020年第4期10卷 182-189页

作者： Keshvi Chauhan yogita Mistry Summaiya Mullan Government Medical College Surat India

Introduction: Hands of health care workers play an important part in infection transmission in a healthcare setting infections. Even though it is a simple and effective procedure, it is many times ignored by the health care workers (HCWs) due to lack of knowledge and interest, time constraints, skin irritation, understaffing, etc. There are no specific drugs and vaccines available for COVID-19 pandemic management, so as control measures, hand hygiene is an essential measure. It will be helpful even for the second wave preparedness. So this study was planned for analysis of barriers and practices of hand hygiene among health care workers which determine the adherence of hand hygiene in medical practice. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study designed during COVID-19 pandemic management to analyze the barriers and knowledge, attitude and practices in health care workers for hand hygiene. Semi-structured questionnaires based study based on previous experience of seasonal flu outbreak was make to know barriers as well as to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practices of Health care workers. 215 participants were enrolled who were doctors, resident doctors, nurses, lab technicians, ward boys and food distributors. Results: The “Barriers” related questions’ analysis showed that hand hygiene facilities, with the supply of soap, hand rub, basins with adequate as well as clean water, are available at various places in the Hospital. In knowledge related questions, major gaps are found in 5 moments of hand hygiene and regarding aspects of alcohol-based hand-rub. Majority HCWs show a good attitude towards questions that hand hygiene is an important thing to do along with other wo

关键词： Hand Hygiene COVID-19 Barriers Health Care Workers Knowledge Attitude Practices

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Scenario of Infection Prevention and Control Measures for Tuberculosis in Tuberculosis Inpatient and Outpatient Department in Tertiary Care Hospital

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2016年第4期4卷 147-154页

作者： yogita Mistry Sangita Rajdev Summaiya Mullan TB-IRL Laboratory Surat India Government Medical College Surat India Department of Microbiology Government Medical College Surat India

Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis infection control measures in health care facilities. To evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures, such study was planned. Questionnaires were administered to all doctors, healthcare workers and servants working in outdoor and indoor department of tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention and control of Tuberculosis infection. A scoring system was devised to grade them. One-time audit was also done in outpatient and inpatient department. The analysis showed scoring of poor for doctors, good for nurses and poor forward aids. There is a need to develop strategies for training of health care workers on regular basis in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Audit result shows a good level of environmental control measures. Better knowledge, attitude and practices are helpful for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Also environmental control measures are helpful to prevent infection.

关键词： Infection Prevention and Control Measures Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Departments

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Evaluation of Sensitivity and Specificity of Direct Microscopical Examination of Suspected Mucor Mycosis Samples by Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) during Covid-19 Pandemic Era

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 776-780页

作者： Ullas Bhabhor yogita Mistry Summaiya Mullan Department of Microbiology Government Medical College Surat Gujarat India

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a common fungal infection in India even before the COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of Mucor mycosis has entered public consciousness in response to an outbreak of cases in India during COVID-19 pandemic. Mortality is unacceptably high, reaching 80% in some case series. Prompt diagnosis is crucial because treatment initiation is time-critical due to the rapid progression of the infection. Direct KOH mount is a simple, rapid, inexpensive point-of-care test, which requires minimum technical aids. Interpretation of KOH smears requires some amount of experience. The present study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Direct Microscopical examination by KOH preparation of suspected Mucor mycosis samples taking the fungal culture as gold standard. Material and Methods: 230 samples were received in Microbiology Department from May 2021 to August 2021 from the patients suspected of Mucor mycosis. Samples were processed for KOH preparation using different concentrations of KOH like 20% and 40% till all tissues get digested. Samples were cultured also in Sabourauds dextrose agar (SDA) medium. Results of microscopy and culture were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Result: Sensitivity of KOH preparation was 67%, specificity was 87%. Positive predictive value was 76% and negative predictive value was 81% and accuracy was 80% when compared with the fungal culture. Discussion: Direct microscopic examinations using KOH preparation are the simplest, cheapest method used for the diagnosis of mycotic infections. This study is valuable in establishing a reliable method for early information on diagnosis of Mucor mycosis that may be crucial for determining appropriate therapy for the successful treatment of Mucor mycosis patients. Conclusion: KOH examination plays an important role in the diagnosis of Mucor mycosis suspected patients during COVID-19 pandemic era when compared with fungal culture which is a gold standard te

关键词： Mucormycosis COVID-19 Pandemic Era KOH Preparation

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First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Resistance Patterns of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Isolates from Newly Diagnosed Cases of Tuberculosis

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2017年第3期7卷 67-75页

作者： yogita Mistry Sangita Rajdev Summaiya Mullan Intermediate Reference laboratory for Tuberculosis Surat India

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity world-wide. Anti-tuberculosis drugs have been used for many decades but resistance to them is now widespread. Globally 5% of tuberculosis cases and in India 3% among new TB cases. This study was planned to know the pattern of first line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in south Gujarat, Surat region in newly diagnosed patients of tuberculosis. Material and Methods: 350 samples were processed for homogenisation and concentration using 4% NAOH-2.9% trisodium citrate. Processed samples were inoculated in liquid medium that is MGIT (Mycobacterial growth indicator tube). Positive samples for M. tbwere processed further for first line anti-tuberculosis drugs sensitivity testing (DST). Reading was taken by using MicroMGIT system. Result: Out of 350 samples 59 (17%) were positive samples, of which 48 (13%) were M. tb and 11 (3%) were non tuberculous mycobacteria. Out of 48 samples 2% (1 isolate) was resistant to isoniazid and Rifampicin while 2% were monoresistant to isoniazide, 2% monoresistant to streptomycin. No rifampicin monoresistant was detected. Conclusion: Such study may help in control of tuberculosis at regional and national level which would in turn help in planning of measures to control Multi-drug resistance tuberculosis. Continuous surveillance should be applied to know the periodic changing patterns and trend in Drug resistant tuberculosis.

关键词： M. tuberculosis First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs MDR-TB Prevalence

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Moyamoya病的MRI和MRA诊断研究

Moyamoya病的MRI和MRA诊断研究

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作者： yogita Dwa Manandhar 郑州大学

学位级别：硕士

背景和目的Moyamoya病是一种少见的特发性脑血管闭塞性疾病，可累及双侧或一侧颈内动脉和构成脑底动脉环的各支动脉。动脉闭塞造成侧枝循环的形成，在血管成像时的形态如烟囱里冒出的袅袅炊烟，因此而得名烟雾病。该病于1957年由两名日... 详细信息

背景和目的Moyamoya病是一种少见的特发性脑血管闭塞性疾病，可累及双侧或一侧颈内动脉和构成脑底动脉环的各支动脉。动脉闭塞造成侧枝循环的形成，在血管成像时的形态如烟囱里冒出的袅袅炊烟，因此而得名烟雾病。该病于1957年由两名日本学者Takeuchi和Shimizu首次报道，迄今为止全世界已有6000多例烟雾病的报道，男女比例为1:1.8，在发病年龄上成双峰分布，一个发病年龄高峰为10岁以下儿童，另一个发病年龄高峰为30～50岁。此病的确切病因尚不清楚。Moyamoya病的常见症状有头痛、眩晕、感觉障碍、单瘫或偏瘫等。成年病人以颅内出血症状更常见，而儿童病人以脑缺血症状更常见。该病诊断得到及时治疗，其预后越好，外科疗效优于内科治疗，该病的诊断主要依赖于影像学。磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging，MRI)具有优良的软组织分辨力，磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance angiography，MRA)能够无创性显示颅内血管形态。因此，MRI和MRA已被广泛应用于Moyamoya病的临床诊断中。本研究的目的是通过总结MRI和MRA的影像学特征，探讨MRI和MRA对Moyamoya病的诊断价值。材料和方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2007年4月经数字减影血管造影或手术确诊的50例Moyamoya病病人的临床资料、MRI和MRA结果。全部50例病人均有不同形式及程度的头痛、眩晕和感觉障碍，其中12例儿童病人有癫痫发作史，18例成年病人有四肢无力及轻偏瘫史。11例病人有脑CT梗塞，其中7例儿童病人CT发现脑梗塞发生在基底节、额叶和顶叶，而4例成年病人CT表现为出血，在基底节和顶叶。MRI和MRA检查使用西门子1.0T超导磁共振系统(Impact)和方形头线圈。T加权成像(TWI)参数为：TR 450 ms，TE 15 ms。T加权成像(TWI)参数为：TR 1800 ms，TE 80 ms，矩阵256x256，视野23cm，层厚7mm，间隔1mm。利用流空效应和3D TOF技术获得磁共振血管成像序列，TR 36.0ms，TE 10.0ms，视野20cm。我们对50例Moyamoya病病人的年龄和性别分布、成年病人和儿童病人中出血和梗塞的发生率、单侧和双侧病变的发生率、MRA中颈内动脉(ICA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)狭窄的发生率、颅底烟雾血管存在与否诸多方面进行了比较。利用SPSS11.0软件包进行统计学分析，以P值小于0.05为有统计学差异。结果50例Moyamoya病病人中，女29例，男21例，男女比例1:1.4。年龄介于4～47岁，平均年龄19.36岁，23例为儿童病人(4～14岁)，27例为成年病人。成年病人中，年龄分布为15～19岁4例，20～29岁15例，30～39岁6例，40～47岁2例。 MRI发现梗塞病灶在TWI上呈低信号，TWI上呈高信号。出血病灶在TWI和TWI均为混杂高信号或低信号。在23例儿童病人MRI中，有19例脑梗塞，1例左颞叶脑出血，3例未见出血与梗塞。19例脑梗塞儿童病人中，发生在额叶5例(双侧1例，左侧2例，右侧2例)，顶叶3例(双侧2例，右侧1例)，左颞叶3例，左额顶叶3例，右颞顶叶2例，左额颞叶1例，右枕叶1例，双侧大脑皮质多发梗塞1例。在27例成年病人MRI中，有脑出血22例，脑缺血2例(右基底节1例，双侧额叶1例)，3例MRI未见出血或梗塞。22例脑出血成年病人中，位于基底节区6例(1例双侧，3例左侧，2例右侧)，顶叶7例(4例左侧，3例右侧)，颞叶3例(2例右侧，1例左侧)，左额叶2例，右额叶和左颞叶1例，左侧脑室2例，颞顶叶1例。本组儿童病人中脑梗塞的发生率为82.6％(19／23)，明显高于脑出血的发生率4％(1／23);成年病人中脑出血的发生率为81.5％(22／27)，明显高于脑梗塞的发生率7.4％(2／27)(χ=32.826，P=0.000)。48例MRI见丘脑-基底节区扩张的烟雾血管影，MRI诊断Moyamoya病的阳性率为96％(48／50)。27例病人TWI鞍上池有明确的异常血管网。 MRA发现：颈内动脉狭窄23例(双侧16例，右侧3例，左侧4例)，颈内动脉闭塞10例(双侧8例，左侧1例，右侧1例)。大脑中动脉狭窄35例(双侧25例，右侧5例，左侧5例)，大脑中动脉闭塞9例(右侧3例，双侧6例)。大脑前动脉狭窄18例(双侧8例，左侧10例)，大脑前动脉闭塞10例(2例右侧，8例双侧)。大脑后动脉狭窄2例，均在右侧，大脑后动脉闭塞7例(双侧6例，右侧1例)。46例病人MRA可见烟雾血管，其中43例脑底部烟雾血管来自于颈内动脉床突段、ACA和MCA，16例来自于PCA，6例有来自于颈外动脉的

关键词：脑血管疾病烟雾病梗塞病灶诊断标准

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Study on Complex Formation of Fluorescein-p-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene by Spectroscopic Methods

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2014年第9期4卷 237-245页

作者： Sharadchandra Gawhale yogita Thakare Dipalee Malkhede Gajanan Chaudhari Department of Applied Chemistry AISSMS-COE Pune India Department of Chemistry Shri.Shivaji Science College Amravati India Department of Chemistry University of Pune Pune India

The aqueous solution of p-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene-fluorescein complex has been studied based on fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopic results. It has been found that the fluorescence intensity quenches regularly upon addition of p-SCX4. The proposed interaction mechanism between p-SCX4 and FL indicates that FL partially goes into the cavity of p-SCX4 with the help of strong electrostatic and π-π* interaction. The quenching constants and stability constants are determined by p-SCX4-FL systems. The proposed inclusion complex is discussed on 1H NMR results. Results are consistent with experimental data obtained from NMR spectroscopy.

关键词： p-Sulfonatocalixarene Fluorescein Electrostatic Interactions Hydrophobic Interaction 1H NMR Analysis

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Human dental pulp stem cells: Applications in future regenerative medicine

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第5期7卷 839-851页

作者： Pravin D Potdar yogita D Jethmalani Department of Molecular Medicine and Biology Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre

Stem cells are pluripotent cells, having a property of differentiating into various types of cells of human body. Several studies have developed mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) from various human tissues,peripheral blood and body fluids. These cells are then characterized by cellular and molecular markers to understand their specific phenotypes. Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs) are having a MSCs phenotype and they are differentiated into neuron, cardiomyocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, liver cells and β cells of islet of pancreas. Thus, DPSCs have shown great potentiality to use in regenerative medicine for treatment of various human diseases including dental related problems. These cells can also be developed into induced pluripotent stem cells by incorporation of pluripotency markers and use for regenerative therapies of various diseases. The DPSCs are derived from various dental tissues such as human exfoliated deciduous teeth, apical papilla, periodontal ligament and dental follicle tissue. This review will overview the information about isolation, cellular and molecular characterization and differentiation of DPSCs into various types of human cells and thus these cells have important applications in regenerative therapies for various diseases. This review will be most useful for postgraduate dental students as well as scientists working in the field of oral pathology and oral medicine.

关键词： Human dental pulp stem cells Mesenchymalstem cells Dentin Pluripotency Stem cell therapy Molecular markers

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Polychlorinated Biphenyls Contamination of Sludge in India

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第11期6卷 867-877页

作者： Khageshwar Singh Patel Shobhana Ramteke Bharat Lal Sahu yogita Nayak Saroj Sharma Chin-Chang Hung School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India Department of Chemistry Devi Rathi Mahila Mahavidhaya Rajnandagaon India Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology National Taiwan Ocean University Taiwan

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) exist in all compartments of the ecosystem due to wide industrial applications and production during burning processes. The PCBs congeners were quantified in the industrial, municipal and agricultural wastes of the most industrialized area of the country, Raipur city, India. The concentration of ΣPCBs in the sludge, sewage and agriculture wastes (n = 4) was ranged from 497 - 800 μg/kg with mean value of 634 ± 146 μg/kg. The PCBs congeners detected in the waste materials were ranged from 56 - 85 with mean value of 75 ± 13. The highest number of congeners was quantified in the sludge materials due to the existence of the heavy PCBs. The PCBs congeners were found to decrease vertically due to the adsorption by the geo-media. The distribution, sources and toxicities of PCBs congeners in the waste materials are discussed.

关键词： Polychlorinated Biphenyls Sewage Sludge Contamination

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Contamination of Environment with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in India

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第11期6卷 1268-1278页

作者： Khageshwar Singh Patel Shobhana Ramteke yogita Naik Bharat Lal Sahu Saroj Sharma Jutta Lintelmann Matuschek Georg School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India Department of Chemistry Devi Rathi Mahila Mahavidhaya Rajnandagaon India GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit Institut für &#214 kologische Chemie Neuherberg Germany

Environment in India is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to occurring of large anthropogenic activities i.e. fuel combustion, mineral roasting and biomass burning. Hence, contamination of 13 toxic PAHs: phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz (a) anthracene, ben-zo (b) fluoranthene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (ghi) perylene, dibenz (ah) anthracene, indeno1,2,3-(cd) pyrene, coronene and coronene in the environment (i.e. ambient particulate matter, road dust, sludge and sewage) of the most industrialized area: Raipur city, India is described. The ΣPAH13 concentration in the 16 environment materials was ranged from 7980 - 1,051,300 μg/kg with mean value of 172,613 ± 154,726 μg/kg. The concentration variations, toxicities and sources of the PAHs in various environmental compartments are discussed.

关键词： Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Dust Sewage Sludge

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