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New research progress on the ultrastructure of tectonically deformed coals

Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2009年第11期19卷 1455-1466页

作者： yiwen ju,xiaoshi {2. laboratory of computational Geodynamics,college of earth science,graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 10004.,china [a]laboratory of computational Geodynamics College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The structure of tectonically deformed coals shows some characteristics and regulations on the ultra-scale when influenced by different factors such as temperature,pressure and directional *** of the macromolecular structure may induce changes in the nano-scale pore structure,which are very important for gas adsorption and *** geological impact of different mechanisms of deformation on different types of ultrastructure of tectonically deformed coals is not only of significance as a topic for scientific research, but also in studying environments of metamorphism-deformation at differing metamorphic *** research is also very important in studying the accumulation and occurrence conditions of coalbed methane gas,mechanisms of coal and gas outbursts,predictions of coalbed methane resources and dangers of coal and gas *** paper analyzes current research,within china and other countries, in the ultrastructure of tectonically deformed *** research includes(1) structural models of tectonically deformed coals;(2. the relationship between ultrastructure and stress;(3) the structure of tectonically deformed coals and its strain *** results are also based on our own experiments including vitirnite reflectance(Ro,max),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR(CP/MAS + TOSS)).We discuss the important effects of the structure of tectonically deformed coals and their physical properties,and then point out some problems concerning the research progress of tectonically deformed coals.

关键词： Tectonically deformed coals Ultrastructure Pore structure Tectonic stress Strain environment

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Response of Macromolecular Structure to Deformation in Tectonically Deformed Coal

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第1期87卷 82-90页

作者： li xiaoshi {2. yiwen HOU Quanlin FAN {2.njia Key laboratory of computational Geodynamics Chinese Academy of Sciences college of earth science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Petrochina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Key Laboratory of Basin Structure and Petroleum Accumulation

The structural evolution of tectonically deformed coals （TDC） with different deformational mechanisms and different deformational intensities are investigated in depth through X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis on 31 samples of different metamorphic grades （R ： 0.7%-3.1%） collected from the Huaibei coalfield. The results indicated that there are different evolution characteristics between the ductile and brittle deformational coals with increasing of metamorphism and deformation. On the one hand, with the increase of metamorphism, the atomic plane spacing （d002. is decreasing at step velocity, the stacking of the BSU layer （Lc） is increasing at first and then decreasing, but the extension of the BSU layer （La） and the ratio of La/Lc are decreasing initially and then increasing. On the other hand, for the brittle deformational coal, d002.is increasing initially and then decreasing, which causes an inversion of the variation of Lc and La under the lower-middle or higher-middle metamorphism grade when the deformational intensity was increasing. In contrast, in the ductile deformational coals, d002.decreased initially and then increased, and the value of L~ decreased with the increase of deformational intensity. But the value of La increased under the lower-middle metamorphism grade and increased at first and then decreased under the higher-middle metamorphism grade. We conclude that the degradation and polycondensation of TDC macromolecular structure can be obviously impacted during the ductile deformational process, because the increase and accumulation of unit dislocation perhaps transforms the stress into strain energy. Meanwhile, the brittle deformation can transform the stress into frictional heat energy, and promote the metamorphism and degradation as well. It can be concluded that deformation is more important than metamorphism to the differential evolution of the ductile and brittle deformational coals.

关键词： tectonically deformed coal X-ray diffraction deformational mechanism deformationalintensity macromolecular structure

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A New Parameter as an Indicator of the Degree of Deformation of Coals

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Journal of earth science 2017年第2期28卷 358-366页

作者： Mingming Wei yiwen ju Quanlin Hou Guochang Wang liye Yu Wenjing Zhang xiaoshi li Key laboratory of computational Geodynamics CASCollege of Earth ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry of CASGuangzhou 510640China

The deformation of coal is effected by thermal effect, pressures and tectonic stress, and the tectonic stress is the principal influence factor. However, the proposition of a useful quantitative index that responds to the degree of deformation of coals quantitatively or semi-quantitatively has been a long-debated issue. The vitrinite reflectance ellipsoid, that is, the reflectance indication surface（RIS） ellipsoid is considered to be a strain ellipsoid that reflects the sum of the strain increment caused by stress in the process of coalification. It has been used to describe the degree of deformation of the coal, but the effect of the anisotropy on the RIS ellipsoid has not yet been considered with regards to non-structural factors. In this paper, Wei＇s parameter（ε） is proposed to express the deformation degree of the strain ellipsoid based on considering the combined influence of thermal effect, pressure and tectonic stress. The equation is as follows： ε=√[（ε_1-ε_0）~2.（ε_2.ε_0）~2.（ε_3-ε_0）~2./3, where ε_1=lnR_（max）, ε_2.lnR_（int）, ε_3=lnR_（min）, and ε_0=（ε_1＋ε_2.ε_3）/3. Wei＇s parameter represents the distance from the surface to the spindle of the RIS logarithm ellipsoid; thus, the degree of deformation of the strain ellipsoid is indicated quantitatively. The formula itself, meanwhile, represents the absolute value of the degree of relative deformation and is consequently suitable for any type of deformation of the strain ellipsoid. Wei＇s parameter makes it possible to compare degrees of deformation among different deformation types of the strain ellipsoid. This equation has been tested in four types of coal： highly metamorphic but weakly deformed coal of the southern Qinshui Basin, highly metamorphic and strongly deformed coal from the Tianhushan coal mining area of Fujian, and medium metamorphic and weakly or strongly deformed coal from the Huaibei Coalfield. The results of Wei＇s parameters are consistent with the actual deformation degrees of the coal reservoirs

关键词： Wei's parameter(ε) deformation degree of coals quantitative index vitrinite reflectance ellipsoid

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Micro-structural evolution and their effects on physical properties in different types of tectonically deformed coals

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International Journal of Coal science & Technology 2014年第3期1卷 364-375页

作者： yiwen ju Kray Luxbacher xiaoshi {2. Guochang Wang Zhifeng Yan Mingming Wei {2.ye Yu laboratory of computational Geodynamics College of Earth ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Mining&Minerals Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

The macromolecular structure of tectonically deformed coals(TDC)may be determined by the deformation mechanisms of *** of the macromolecular structure change the pore structure of TDC and thereby impact physical properties such as porosity and *** study focuses on structure and properties of TDC from the Huaibei and Huainan coal mining areas of southern North *** between the macromolecular structure and the pore structure of TDC were analyzed using techniques such as X-ray diffraction,high-resolution transmission electron microcopy,and the low-temperature nitrogen *** results indicated that the directional stress condition can cause the arrangement of basic structural units(BSU)more serious and ***,the orientation is stronger in ductile deformed coal than in brittle deformed *** deformation directly influences the macromolecular structure of coal and consequently results in dynamic *** the size of BSU in brittle deformed coal increases more slowly than in ductile deformed coal,frictional heating and stress-chemistry of shearing areas might play a more important role,locally altering coal structure under stress,in brittle deformed *** energy is more significant in increasing the ductile deformation of ***,mesopores account for larger percentage of the nano-scale pore volume in brittle deformed coals,while mesopores volume in ductile deformed coal diminishes rapidly along with an increase in the proportion of micropores and *** research also approved that the deformations of macromolecular structures change nano-scale pore structures,which are very important for gas adsorption and pervasion space for ***,the exploration and development potential of coal bed methane is promising for reservoirs that are subjected to a certain degree of brittle deformation(such as schistose structure coal,mortar structure coal and cataclastic structure co

关键词： Tectonically deformed coals Formation mechanisms Macromolecular structure Pore structure Micro-structured evolution Coal bed methane

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Structure and coalbed methane occurrence in tectonically deformed coals

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science china {2. sciences 2012年第10期55卷 1755-1763页

作者： HOU Quanlin li Hui{2.n FAN {2.nJia {2. yiwen WANG TianKai li xiaoshi WU YuDong Key laboratory of computational Geodynamics CASCollege of Earth ScienceGraduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development State Key laboratory of Enhanced Oil RecoveryRIPED Petro ChinaBeijing 100083China Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

Research on structure of tectonically deformed coals(TDC) is a key issue in coal and gas outburst prevention and coalbed methane(CBM) *** paper presents a summary on the research progress in TDC's structural-genetic classification,tectonic strain influence on coal microstructure,coal porosity system,coal chemical structure and constituents,and their relationship with the excess coalbed *** studies suggested that tectonic deformation had significant influence on coal microstructure,coal super microstructure,and even chemical macromolecular *** main mechanisms of coal deformation are the tectonic stress degradation and polycondensation metamorphism(dynamical metamorphism).Besides,under different deformation mechanisms,the ultra-and micro-structure and chemical constituents of TDC presented distinct *** on these achievements,we propose one possible evolutionary trend of TDC with different deformation mechanisms,and suggest that the coal and gas outburst in the TDC,especially in the mylonitic coals,may be not only controlled by geological structure,but also influenced by the tectonic stress degradation of ductile ***,further study on TDC should be focused on the controlling mechanism of deformation on structure and composition of coal,generation conditions and occurrence state of excess coalbed methane from deformation mechanism of coal.

关键词： tectonically deformed coal deformation mechanism coalbed methane occurrence research progress

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Human Health Risk Assessment Model of Organic Pollution in Groundwater:Shijiazhuang Industrial Zone

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1508-1517页

作者： YANG Mei FEI Yuhong ju yiwen {2. Huaqi Key laboratory of computational Geodynamics of {2. academy of sciences College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049 China The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences （CAGS） Shijiazhuang 050061 China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 10003 7 China

In this study, a risk-based management model is developed and applied to an industrial zone. The models proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Han Bing have been improved by adding a residual ratio of volatile organic compounds （VOC） after boiling and deleting the related parameters in half-life. Using this improved model, an integrated process was used to assess human health risk level in the study area. Compared with water quality analysis, the results highlight the importance of applying an integrated approach for decision making on risk levels and water protection. The results of this study demonstrated that：（1） Compared with these permissible level standards in china （GB 3838-2.02. and National Primary Drinking Water Regulations of the United States, the residents＇ daily life had not been affected by the groundwater in this area （except for relative bad water quality of HB3-4 and HB3-6）; （2. The typical detected organic contaminants of all groundwater samples were chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethene, and the pollution sources were mainly industrial sources by preliminary investigations; （3） As for groundwater, the non-carcinogenic risk values of all samples do not exceed the permissible level of 1.0 and the carcinogenic risk values are relatively lower than the permissible level of 1.00E-06 to 1.00E-04; （4） Drinking water pathway of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene mainly contribute to increasing the health risk of residents＇ in study areas; （5） In terms of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk, the health risk order for drinking water pathway and dermal contact pathway was： drinking water pathway 〉 dermal contact pathway.

关键词： groundwater pollution organic contaminants residual rate assessment model human health risk

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Fracability Evaluation of Shale of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Changning Area, Sichuan Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第4期93卷 996-1004页

作者： HUANG Cheng XU Tianyang ju yiwen ZHU Hongjian ju liting li Wuyang Key laboratory of computational Geodynamics Chinese Academy of SciencesCollege of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The fracturing technology for shale gas reservoir is the key to the development of shale gas *** makes much sense to study the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of shale,due to its close relationship with the fracability of shale gas *** paper took marine shale in the Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin of china as the research *** on field profile and hand specimen observation,we analyzed the development of natural fractures and collected samples from Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi *** with the indoor experiment,we investigated the macroscopic and microscopic structural features and the remarkable heterogeneity of shale *** we illustrated the mechanics and deformation characteristics of shale,through uniaxial compression test and direct shear *** shale has two types of fracture modes,which depend on the angular relation between loading direction and the bedding ***,the Wufeng shale has a higher value of brittleness index than the Longmaxi shale,which was calculated using two methods,mechanical parameters and mineral *** the above results,we proposed a fracability evaluation model for shale gas reservoir using the analytic hierarchy *** influence factors,brittleness index,fracture toughness,natural fractures and cohesive force,are ***,under the control of normalized value and weight coefficient of each influence factor,the calculations results indicate that the fracability index of the Wufeng Formation is higher than that of the Longmaxi Formation in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin.

关键词： marine shale mechanical properties fracability evaluation analytic hierarchy process Sichuan Basin

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Geological Controls on High Production of Tight Sandstone Gas in linxing Block, Eastern Ordos Basin, china

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第2期94卷 430-443页

作者： QI Yu ju yiwen MENG Shangzhi YU Kun {2. Wuyang JIA Tianrang WU Jianguang CHEN Wangang LUO long Key laboratory of computational Geodynamics College of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of earth sciences Durham University.Durham.Dill 3LEUK china United Coalbed Methane Co Ltd Beijing 100011China State Key laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuoHenan 454000China college of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

Tight sandstone gas in the linxing Block, eastern Ordos Basin, has been successfully exploited. The high performance is mainly a result of the special geological conditions. The key geological controls for high production have been discussed on the basis of seismic data, field observation, sample features, mercury porosimetry, mechanical properties, and basin modeling. Firstly, the coal measures have good gas generation potential, not only because of the existence of coalbeds and organic-rich shales, but also because coal laminae and microbial mats in the shales significantly increase their total organic carbon(TOC) contents. Secondly, except for the uplifted zone of the Zijinshan complex and the eastern fault zone, rare large faults develop in the Carboniferous–Permian sequence, ensuing the sealing capacity of cap rock. Small fractures generally concentrated in the sandstones rather than the mudstones. Thirdly, gas accumulation in the linxing Block was controlled by the tectonic, burial and thermal histories. Gas accumulation in the linxing Block started in the Late Triassic, followed by three short pauses of thermal maturation caused by relatively small uplifts;the maximum hydrocarbon generation period is the Early Cetaceous as a combined result of regional and magmatic thermal metamorphisms. Field profiles show abundant fractures in sandstone beds but rare fractures in mudstone beds. Mechanical properties, determined by lithostratigraphy, confine the fractures in the sandstones, increasing the permeability of sandstone reservoirs and retaining the sealing capacity of the mudstone cap rocks. The modern ground stress conditions favor the opening of predominant natural fractures in the NNW-SSE and N-S directions. These conclusions are useful for exploring the potential tight sandstone gas field.

关键词： tight sandstone gas structure fracture basin evolution Ordos Basin

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Characterization of nano-structure for deformed coals and the occurrence of excess coalbed methane

Characterization of nano-structure for deformed coals and th...

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2.14年中国地球科学联合学术年会——专题57：盆地动力学与非常规能源

作者： xiaoshi li {2. Quanlin Hou Rongting Xu Mingming Wei Key laboratory of computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science university of chinese {2. of sciences

Compared with other rocks,coal is easily affected by such environment conditions as temperature,pressure,and tectonic *** macromolecular structural evolution could induce changes in the nanopore structure of deformed coals(ju,et al.,2.05a),which is the most important reservoir space for Coalbed *** data show that gas outburst has a very close relationship with tectonic deformation because it often occurs in shear zones where deformed coals are widely

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纳米矿物及其环境效应

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地球科学 2018年第5期43卷 1450-1463页

作者：刘娟盛安旭刘枫李晓旭琚宜文刘国恒北京大学环境科学与工程学院北京100871 中国科学院计算动力学重点实验室北京100049 中国科学院大学地球科学学院北京100049

纳米矿物作为连接原子/分子和块体矿物材料的桥梁,在建立矿物微观反应机制和宏观现象的研究中具有重要的意义.随着纳米地质学的迅速发展,纳米矿物在地表环境中的分布、存在形式及其反应活性引起了越来越多关注.综述了天然环境中常见的... 详细信息

纳米矿物作为连接原子/分子和块体矿物材料的桥梁,在建立矿物微观反应机制和宏观现象的研究中具有重要的意义.随着纳米地质学的迅速发展,纳米矿物在地表环境中的分布、存在形式及其反应活性引起了越来越多关注.综述了天然环境中常见的纳米矿物的成因、存在方式、特殊的尺寸效应、团聚行为、生物/非生物界面反应的分子机制,及其对地表环境和元素生物地球化学循环的影响;着重介绍了具有重要环境意义的纳米矿物与其对应的大尺寸矿物颗粒在吸附行为、溶解速率、团聚状态、催化活性、界面电子传递效率等方面的差异.对于纳米矿物与其对应的宏观矿物晶体之间差异的研究,有助于全面认识矿物对各种地质过程的作用,对于推动地球科学向更加微观和深入的方向发展具有极其重要的意义.

关键词：纳米矿物界面反应矿物-微生物相互作用矿物-污染物相互作用环境效应矿物学

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