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Prostate cancer research in China

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第3期15卷 350-353页

作者： Shan-Cheng Ren Rui Chen ying-hao sun Department of Urology Shanghai Changhai Hospital Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China

Prostate cancer （PCa） research in China has been on a rocketing trend in recent years. The first genome-wide association study （GWAS） in China identified two new PCa risk associated single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs）. Next generation sequencing is beginning to be used, yielding novel findings： gene fusions, long non-coding RNAs and other variations. Mechanisms of PCa progression have been illustrated while various diagnosis biomarkers have been investigated extensively. Personalized therapy based on genetic factors, nano-medicine and traditional Chinese medicine has been the focus of experimental therapeutic research for PCa. This review intends to shed light upon the recent progress in PCa research in China and points out the possible breakthroughs in the future.

关键词： prostate cancer (PCa) genome-wide association study (GWAS) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) China

Safety and efficacy of levofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis in Chinese patients

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第6期14卷 870-874页

作者： Zhi-Chao Zhang Feng-Shuo Jin Dong-Ming Liu Zhou-Jun Shen ying-hao sun ying-Lu Guo Andrology Center Peking University F rst Hosp ta nst tute of Urology Peking University Beijing 100034 China Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400042 China Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200001 China Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200025 China Changhai Hospital Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China)

Levofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone that is usually used to treat chronic bacterial prostatitis. We investigated the safety and efficacy of levofloxacin compared with ciprofloxacin for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis in Chinese patients. This was a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Four hundred and seventy-one patients with clinical symptoms/ signs were enrolled into the study, and 408 patients were microbiologically confirmed chronic bacterial prostatitis, who were randomized to either oral levofloxacin （500 mg q,d.） or ciprofloxacin （500 mg b.i^d.） for 4 weeks. Bacterial clearance rate, clinical symptoms/signs, adverse reactions and disease recurrence were assessed. The clinical symptoms and signs （including dysuria, perineal discomfort or pain） and bacteria cultures in 209 patients treated with levofloxacin and 199 patients treated with ciprofloxacin were similar. The most common bacteria were Escherichia cofiand Staphylococcus aureus. One to four weeks after the end of 4 weeks treatment, the bacterial clearance rate （86.06% vs. 60.03%; P〈O.05） and the clinical efficacy （including clinical cure and clinical improvement（93.30% vs. 71.86%; P〈0.05）） were significantly higher in the levofloxacin-treated group than in the ciprofloxacin-treated group. The microbiological recurrence rate was significantly lower in the levofloxacin-treated group than in the ciprofloxacin-treated group （4.00% vs. 19.25%; P〈0.05）. Rates of adverse events and treatment-related adverse events were slightly lower in the levofloxacin-treated group than in ciprofloxacin-treated group. Levofloxacin showed some advantages over ciprofloxacin in terms of clinical efficacy and disease recurrence, with a low rate of adverse events, for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis in Chinese patients.

关键词： chronic bacterial prostatitis ciprofloxacin levofloxacin recurrence

Prostate cancer risk prediction models in Eastern Asian populations:current status,racial difference,and future directions

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第2期22卷 158-161页

作者： Bi-Ming He Rui Chen Tian-Qi sun Yue Yang Chun-Lei Zhang Shan-Cheng Ren Xu Gao ying-hao sun Department of Urology Changhai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China

Prostate cancer(PCa)risk calculators(RCs)with prostate-specific antigen(PSA)and other risk factors can greatly improve the accurate prediction of potential risk of PCa compared to *** European Randomized Study of Screening for PCa Risk Calculator(ERSPC-RC)and the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Risk Calculator(PCPT-RC)are developed on the Western ***,the Western RCs showed limited diagnostic efficacy in the Eastern Asian population,mainly due to racial differences between the two *** aimed to review the application of Western RCs and Eastern Asian RCs in Eastern Asian cohorts and to identify the characteristics and efficacy of these RCs.

关键词： Asians nomogram prediction models prostate cancer risk prediction

Calyceal Diverticulum Mimicking Simple Parapelvic Cyst:a Case Report

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2015年第1期30卷 56-58页

作者： Yong-han Peng Wei Zhang Xiao-feng Gao ying-hao sun Department of Urology Changhai Hospital Second Military Medical University

CALYCEAL diverticulum is a cystic intrarenal cavity lined by nonsecretory transitional epithelium that communicates with the collecting system via a narrow isthmus or infundibulum. It is arare anatomic anomaly with an incidence of 0.2% to 0.6% in the patients undergoing renal imaging.1 Single imaging modality usually cannot differentiate calyceal diverticulum from other cystic renal diseases.2 Here, we report a 60-year-old male who was reliably diagnosed with calyceal diverticulum by retrograde urography combined with non-enhanced computed tomography （CT） and magnetic resonance urography （MRU）.

关键词： calyceal diverticulum retrograde urography computed tomography magnetic resonance urography

Radioiodine therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer following prostate-specific membrane antigen promoter-mediated transfer of the human sodium iodide symporter

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 120-123页

作者： Xiao-Feng Gao Tie Zhou Guang-Hua Chen Chuan-Liang Xu Ye-Lei Ding ying-hao sun Department of Urology Changhai Hospital The Second Military Medical University 168 Changhai Road Shanghai 200433 China

Radioiodine therapy, the most effective form of systemic radiotherapy available, is currently useful only for thyroid cancer because of the thyroid-specific expression of the human sodium iodide symporter （hNIS）. Here, we explore the efficacy of a novel form of gene therapy using prostate-specific membrane antigen （PSMA） promoter-mediated hNIS gene transfer followed by radioiodine administration for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC）. The androgen-dependent C33 LNCaP cell line and the androgen-independent C81 LNCaP cell line were transfected by adenovirus. PSMA promoter-hNIS （***-hNIS） or ***-hNIS containing the cytomegalovirus promoter （***-hNIS） or a control virus. The iodide uptake was measured in vitro. The in vivo iodide uptake by C81 cell xenografts in nude mice injected with an adenovirus carrying the hNIS gene linked to PSMA and the corresponding tumor volume fluctuation were assessed. Iodide accumulation was shown in different LNCaP cell lines after ***-hNIS and ***-hNIS infection, but not in different LNCaP cell lines after *** （***） infection. At each time point, higher iodide uptake was shown in the C81 cells infected with ***-hNIS than in the C33 cells （P 〈 0.05）. An in vivo animal model showed a significant difference in 1311 radioiodine uptake in the tumors infected with ***-hNIS, ***-hNIS and control virus （P 〈 0.05） and a maximum reduction of tumor volume in mice infected with ***-hNIS. These results show prostate-specific expression of the hNIS gene delivered by the PSMA promoter and effective radioiodine therapy of CRPC by the PSMA promoter-driven hNIS transfection.

关键词： genetic therapy prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) prostatic neoplasms sodium-iodide symporter

Survey for late-onset hypogonadism among old anti middle-aged males in Shanghai communities

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 338-340页

作者： Kai sun GuoTQing Liang Xiang-Feng Chen Ping Ping Wen-Liang Yao Shi-Jun Zhang Bo Wang ying-hao sun Zheng Li Department of Urology Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Department of Urology Shanghai Hospital of TCMShanghai 200071China Family Planning Research Institute of Shanghai City Shanghai 200032China Department of Urology Shanghai HospitalSecond Medicinal Military University of PLAChinaShanghai 200433China

This study sought to investigate late-onset hypogonadism （LOH） in old and middle-aged males in Shanghai communities, using symptom score evaluation systems and measurements of sex hormone levels. One thousand cases of males aged 40-70 years were investigated. The aging male symptoms （AMS） scale and androgen deficiency in aging males （ADAM） questionnaire were used at the beginning of the investigation, followed by measurement of the sex hormone-related factors （total testosterone （TT）, free testosterone （fT）, sex hormone-binding globulin （SHBG） and bioavailability of testosterone （Bio-T））. There were 977 valid questionnaires. The LOH-positive rates shown by AMS and ADAM were 59.88% and 84.65%, respectively; values increased with the age of the patients. There were 946 results related to sex hormone measurements, which showed the following results： TT was not related to aging （P〉O.05）; levels of SHBG increased with age; and fT and Bio-T decreased with age. There was a significant difference in fT between LOH-positive and LOH-negative patients, as shown by the ADAM. In summary, TT levels were not related to aging, even though SHBG did increase while fT and Bio-T decreased with aging. Clinically, the diagnosis of LOH cannot be based on serum TT level.

关键词： ADAM AMS late-onset of hypogonadism male aging old and middle-aged males survey

Effect of varicocelectomy on testis volume and semen parameters in adolescents： a meta-analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第6期17卷 1012-1016,I0011,I0012页

作者： Tie Zhou Wei Zhang Qi Chen Lei Li Huan Cao Chuan-Liang Xu Guang-Hua Chen ying-hao sun Department of Urology Changhai Hospital The Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China Department of Health Statistics Faculty of Health ServiceThe Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China

Varicocele repair in adolescent remains controversial. Our aim is to identify and combine clinical trials results published thus far to ascertain the efficacy of varicocelectomy in improving testis volume and semen parameters compared with nontreatment control. A literature search was performed using Medline, Embase and Web of Science, which included results obtained from meta-analysis, randomized and nonrandomized controlled studies. The study population was adolescents with clinically palpable varicocele with or without the testicular asymmetry or abnormal semen parameters. Cases were allocated to treatment and observation groups, and testis volume or semen parameters were adopted as outcome measures. As a result, seven randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and nonrandomized controlled trials studying bilateral testis volume or semen parameters in both treatment and observation groups were identified. Using a random effect model, mean difference of testis volume between the treatment group and the observation group was 2.9 ml （95% confidence interval [CI]： 0.6, 5.2; P 〈 0.05） for the varicocele side and 1.5 ml （95% CI- 0.3, 2.7; P 〈 0.05） for the healthy side. The random effect model analysis demonstrated that the mean difference of semen concentration, total semen motility, and normal morphology between the two groups was 13.7 x 106 ml-1 （95% CI： -1.4, 28.8; P= 0.075）, 2.5% （95% CI：-3.6, 8.6; P= 0.424）, and 2.9% （95% CI： -3.0, 8.7; P= 0.336） respectively. In conclusion, although varicocelectomy significantly improved bilateral testis volume in adolescents with varicocele compared with observation cases, semen parameters did not have any statistically significant difference between two groups. Well-planned, properly conducted RCTs are needed in order to confirm the above-mentioned conclusion further and to explore whether varicocele repair in adolescents could improve subsequently spontaneous pregnancy rates.

关键词： adolescent meta-analysis semen analysis testis varicocele

Identification of late-onset hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly men from a community of China

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第5期18卷 747-753页

作者： Zhi-Yong Liu Ren-Yuan Zhou Xin Lu Qin-Song Zeng Hui-Qing Wang Zheng Li ying-hao sun Department of Urology Changhai Hospital Second Military Medical University Shanghai China Department of Urology Fifth People's Hospital of ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai China Department of Urology Renji Hospital Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

In this study, we investigated the essential criteria for late-onset hypogonadism （LOH） syndrome based on the presence of symptoms associated with low testosterone levels in Han Chinese men. Blood tests for total testosterone （TT） and sex hormone-binding globulin （SHBG） were performed, and the aging male symptoms （AMS） questionnaire was conducted in a randomly selected cohort composed of 944 Chinese men aged 40 to 79 years from nine urban communities. Three sexual symptoms （decreased ability/frequency of sexual activity, decreased number of morning erections, and decreased libido） were confirmed to be related to the total and free testosterone levels. The thresholds for TT were approximately 12.55 nmol l^-1 for a decreased ability/frequency to perform sex, 12.55 nmol l^-1 for decreased frequency of morning erections, and 14.35 nmol l^-1 for decreased sexual desire. The calculated free testosterone （CFT） thresholds for these three sexual symptoms were 281.14, 264.90, and 287.21 pmol l^-1, respectively. TT 〈13.21 nmol l^-1 （OR =1.4, 95%Ch 1.0-1.9, P= 0.037） or CFT 〈268.89 pmol l^-1 （OR - 1.5, 95%Ch 1.1-20, P=0.020） was associated with an increase in the aforementioned three sexual symptoms. The prevalence of LOH was 9.1% under the criteria, including all three sexual symptoms with TT levels 〈13.21 nmol l^-1 and CFT levels 〈268.89 pmol l^-1. Our results may improve the diagnostic accuracy of LOH in older men.

关键词： diagnosis hypogonadism middle-aged and elderly male reference values sexual dysfunction testosterone

Scientific publications in andrology journals from Chinese authors in various parts of East Asia： a 10-year survey of the literature

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第6期16卷 934-936页

作者： Wei Zhang Teng-Yun Wu Chuan-Liang Xu Chun-Lei Jiang Tie Zhou ying-hao sun Department of Urology Changhai Hospital Second Military Medical University Shanghai China Department of Psychology and Mental Health Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health Second Military Medical University Shanghai China.

Dear Editor, Diseases of the genitourinary system were the fifth most common disease of inpatients in Chinese city hospitals in 2011 （6.0%）.1 Andrology in China has grown rapidly within the last decade, however, little is known about the scientific publications by Chinese authors in andrology. We, therefore, sought to reveal the contributions of Chinese authors in three major regions of China-the Mainland （ML）, Taiwan （TW）, and Hong Kong （HK）-to the research in the fields of andrology.

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