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非金属PE管材氢气-甲烷渗透研究进展

材料导报 2024年第16期38卷 258-268页

作者：郑度奎李敬法宇波黄志强张引弟刘翠伟赵杰韩东旭长江大学石油工程学院武汉430100 北京石油化工学院机械工程学院并氢能研究中心北京102617 中国石油大学(华东)储运与建筑工程学院山东青岛266580

采用非金属聚乙烯(PE)管道输送纯氢和掺氢天然气可有效避免金属管道的氢脆。但由于材料特性,PE管道在输送过程中存在一定程度的气体渗漏,造成能源浪费和引发安全问题。为选择合适的PE管材和确定输送条件,需深入揭示氢气/甲烷在PE材料中... 详细信息

采用非金属聚乙烯(PE)管道输送纯氢和掺氢天然气可有效避免金属管道的氢脆。但由于材料特性,PE管道在输送过程中存在一定程度的气体渗漏,造成能源浪费和引发安全问题。为选择合适的PE管材和确定输送条件,需深入揭示氢气/甲烷在PE材料中的渗透扩散机理和了解研究方法。本文以文献调研的方式,在微观角度从溶解和扩散两方面揭示了气体在PE材料中的渗透机理;综述了常用于研究氢气、甲烷和氢气/甲烷混合气体在PE材料中溶解、扩散和渗透性能的常用实验方法和数值模拟方法的研究进展,其中实验方法主要有膜渗透实验法和全尺寸渗透实验法,数值模拟方法主要有分子动力学模拟法和数学模型法。根据研究进展,讨论并指出了实验方法和数值模拟方法中存在的问题,并针对当前研究的不足指出了未来的研究重点和发展趋势。本文可为纯氢及掺氢天然气在PE管道中的安全输送提供参考。

关键词：氢气聚乙烯管道渗透性能溶解度系数扩散系数实验研究分子动力学模拟

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饲养密度对笼养白羽肉鸡生长性能、羽毛评分、血清生化和免疫指标的影响

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中国家禽 2024年第8期46卷 86-92页

作者：沈杰吴洪杨海明仲向前王迎春张银娣扬州大学动物科学与技术学院江苏扬州225009 宿迁市畜牧兽医站江苏宿迁223800 正大食品(宿迁)有限公司江苏宿迁223805

试验旨在探究不同饲养密度对笼养白羽肉鸡生长性能、羽毛评分、血清生化和免疫指标的影响。试验选取504只体重相近、健康状况良好的1日龄科宝白羽肉鸡母雏,随机分为3组,每组8个重复(笼)。7~14日龄3组饲养密度分别为16只/m^(2)、17只/m^... 详细信息

试验旨在探究不同饲养密度对笼养白羽肉鸡生长性能、羽毛评分、血清生化和免疫指标的影响。试验选取504只体重相近、健康状况良好的1日龄科宝白羽肉鸡母雏,随机分为3组,每组8个重复(笼)。7~14日龄3组饲养密度分别为16只/m^(2)、17只/m^(2)、18只/m^(2),15~39日龄3组饲养密度为13只/m^(2)、14只/m^(2)、15只/m^(2)。结果显示:(1)不同饲养密度对7~14日龄和15~28日龄肉鸡平均采食量和料重比产生显著影响(P<0.05),且15~28日龄时,14只/m^(2)组平均日增重显著高于13只/m^(2)组(P<0.05),13只/m^(2)组料重比显著高于15只/m^(2)组(P<0.05)。29~39日龄13只/m^(2)组和14只/m^(2)组平均日增重显著高于15只/m^(2)(P<0.05);(2)不同饲养密度对肉鸡14日龄主翼羽长度产生显著影响(P<0.05);(3)不同饲养密度对肉鸡14日龄和39日龄羽毛评分产生显著影响(P<0.05);(4)不同饲养密度对肉鸡血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活力、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)的含量产生显著影响(P<0.05),17只/m^(2)组显著高于16只/m^(2)组和18只/m^(2)组(P<0.05),14只/m^(2)组显著高于13只/m^(2)组和15只/m^(2)组(P<0.05);(5)不同饲养密度对肉鸡14日龄和39日龄血清中白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量产生显著影响(P<0.05)。研究表明,笼养科宝白羽肉鸡7~14日龄适宜饲养密度为17只/m^(2),15~39日龄适宜饲养密度为14只/m^(2)。

关键词：饲养密度白羽肉鸡生长性能血清生化指标抗氧化能力免疫指标

管道运输对能源供应链韧性和安全性的关键作用

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前瞻科技 2024年第2期3卷 19-29页

作者：宫敬宋尚飞魏生远史博会张引弟中国石油大学(北京)油气管道输送安全国家工程研究中心城市油气输配技术北京市重点实验室石油工程教育部重点实验室北京102249 长江大学石油工程学院武汉430100

能源供应链的稳定运行是确保社会正常运转和经济发展的基础,同时也是国家安全的重要组成部分。因此,提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性是当前全球能源市场面临的重要任务。而管道运输作为能源供应链的核心环节,在提升能源供应链的韧性和安... 详细信息

能源供应链的稳定运行是确保社会正常运转和经济发展的基础,同时也是国家安全的重要组成部分。因此,提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性是当前全球能源市场面临的重要任务。而管道运输作为能源供应链的核心环节,在提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性方面具有不可替代的作用。文章介绍了中国油气管道设施的建设规模,论述了管道运输在化石能源供应链中的影响,探讨了管道运输与其他运输方式的竞争和合作关系;同时,阐述了管道运输如何提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性,以及其在供应链管理方面的重要性和应用;随后探讨了传统油气管道运输面临的技术需求与挑战。建议通过统筹能源供应链布局规划、强化能源供应链枢纽站建设、推进国家级能源供应链调运平台建设和完善能源供应链系统科学体系建设方面来强化能源供应链的韧性和安全性。通过强化管道运输在综合立体交通网络的规划和建设以及综合能源网络系统的协同保障中的作用,可以有效提高中国能源系统的灵活性、服务韧性和安全可靠性,实现全局性的能源安全稳定供应。

关键词：管道运输能源供应链韧性安全性综合立体交通网络

In situ catalytic conversion of biomass fast pyrolysis vapors on HZSM–5

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第3期25卷 427-433页

作者： yindi zhang Ping Chen Hui Lou Institute of Catalysis Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University

In situ catalytic conversion of biomass fast pyrolysis vapors was carried out on HZSM-5 with varying Si/Al ratios(ranging from 20 to 300) at 450 °C. The effects of Si/Al ratios of HZSM-5 zeolites on the distribution of biomass fast pyrolysis products and carbon deposits on catalysts were investigated. It was quite remarkable that after in situ catalytic conversion the amount of light phenols and hydrocarbons increased significantly while that of heavy phenols decreased a lot. Besides, the yield of cyclopentenones with relatively low oxygen content generally increased. It also indicated that as the Si/Al ratios of HZSM-5 increased, the amount of hydrocarbons and light phenols was found to drop greatly. The amount of carbon deposits was found to be around 8.5% with the exception of HZSM-5 with the Si/Al ratio of 300,which is much lower. Moreover, the carbon deposits yield dropped gradually with increasing Si/Al ratios of *** of spent catalysts at 600 °C helped to restore the catalytic activity to a large extent despite a relatively lower efficiency of deoxygenation. Results indicated that HZSM-5 with relatively high acidity displayed great catalytic performance.

关键词： Fast pyrolysis In situ catalytic conversion HZSM-5 Si/Al ratio Carbon deposits

Modeling of Soot Formation in Gas Burner Using Reduced Chemical Kinetics Coupled with CFD Code

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2010年第6期18卷 967-978页

作者： zhang yindi ZHOU Huaichun XIE Mingliang FANG Qingyan WEI Yan State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

A computational study of soot formation in ethylene/air coflow jet diffusion flame at atmospheric pres-sure was conducted using a reduced mechanism and soot formation model. A 20-step mechanism was derived from the full mechanism using sensitivity analysis,reaction path analysis and quasi steady state(QSS) approximation. The model in premixed flame was validated and with computing savings in diffusion flame was applied by incor-porating into a CFD code. Simulations were performed to explore the effect of coflow air on flame structure and soot formation. Thermal radiation was calculated by a discrete-ordinates method,and soot formation was predicted by a simple two-equation soot model. Model results are in good agreement with those from experiment data and detailed mechanism at atmospheric conditions. The soot nucleation,growth,and oxidation by OH are all enhanced by decrease in coflow air velocity. The peak soot volume fraction region appears in the lower annular region be-tween the peak flame temperature and peak acetylene concentration locations,and the high soot oxidation rate due to the OH attack occurs in the middle annular region because of high temperature.

关键词： modeling chemical kinetics sensitivity analysis soot formation

Study on Temperature Distribution of Perforated Horizontal Wellbore

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第1期29卷 194-205页

作者： zhang Xingkai JIANG Ziheng LIAO Ruiquan SHI Baocheng WU Lijuan LIU Kai zhang yindi Petroleum Engineering College Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China The Branch of Key Laboratory of CNPC for Oil and Gas Production Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434023China

The temperature distribution in the wellbore under different conditions was studied by using a designed horizontal well simulation experimental *** experimental results showed that the Joule-Thomson effect was significant in perforated *** the opening mode was the same,the larger the gas flow rate,the lower the temperature in the ***,with the increase of liquid volume,the temperature drop effect decreased *** more uniform the perforation distribution,the smaller the temperature change in the *** the increase of liquid volume,the influence of gas flow rate on temperature distribution *** temperature gradient caused by Joule-Thomson effect decreased with the increase of wellbore *** the same time,the experimental results were compared with the theoretical *** was found that the error of the model was within 4%,which showed the reliability of predictions of the model.

关键词： horizontal well simulation experiment perforation Joule-Thomson effect temperature distribution

A Simplified Model for the Prediction of the Erosion of a Metal Screen for Sand Control

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2021年第3期17卷 667-682页

作者： Baocheng Shi Ruomeng Ying Lijuan Wu Jianpeng Pan Xingkai zhang Kai Liu yindi zhang School of Petroleum Engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China

In oil drilling processes,sand production in the oil layer is a common issue,generally mitigated by means of sand control *** prevent or reduce the risk of damage of these screens and to improve the related service life,it is necessary to investigate the related erosion *** this study,a screen mesh model based on the flow field similarity theory is proposed to overcome the otherwise too complex geometric structure of this type of equip*** model is optimized using experimental *** predicted results are in good agreement with the measured values,and the error is less than 15%.The results also show that the simplified geometric screen model and the optimized zhang et *** model have high reliability;therefore,they could effective be used to select underground screen meshes and improve the design of production process.

关键词： Metal sand control screen erosion model life prediction numerical simulation

Chemical Effects of CO2 Concentration on Soot Formation in Jet-stirred/Plug-flow Reactor

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2013年第11期21卷 1269-1283页

作者：张引弟娄春刘德华李勇阮龙飞 Yangtze University Research for China National Petroleum Corporation Key Laboratory of Oil Gas Production Yangtze University Wuhan 430100 China State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Gas Lift Technology Center of Tuba Oilfield of China National Petroleum Corporation Hami 838202 China

Soot formation was investigated numerically with CO2 addition in a jet-stirred/plug-flow reactor （JSR/PFR） C2H4/OJN2 reactor （C/O ratio of 2.2） at atmospheric pressure. An updated Kazakov mechanism empha- sizes the effect of the O2/CO2 atmosphere instead of an O2/N2 one in the premixed flame. The soot formation was taken into account in the JSR/PFR for C2H4/O2/N2. The effects of CO2 addition on soot formation in different C2H4/O2/CO2/N2 atmospheres were studied, with special emphasis on the chemical effect. The simulation shows that the endothermic reaction CO2 ＋ H - CO ＋ OH is responsible of the reduction of hydrocarbon intermediates in the CO2 added combustion through the supplementary formation of hydroxyl radicals. The competition of CO2 for H radical through the above forward reaction with the single most important chain branching reaction H ＋ O2, ＇ O ＋ OH reduces significantly the fuel burning rate. The chemical effects of CO2 cause a significant increase in residence time and mole fractions of CO and OH, significant decreases in some intermediates （H, C2H2）, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs, C6H6 and CI6H10, etc.） and soot volume fraction. The CO2 addition will leads to a decrease by only about 5% to 20% of the maximum mole fractions of some C3 to Clo hydrocarbon intermediates. The sensitivity analysis and reaction-path analysis results show that C2H4 reaction path and products are altered due to the CO2 addition.

关键词： fuel enrichment carbon dioxide kinetics modeling soot formation jet-stirred/plug-flow reactor

N_(2)和CO_(2)稀释下的非预混甲烷燃烧特性

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中国科技论文 2022年第1期17卷 46-54页

作者：刘冰王珂王城景张引弟长江大学石油工程学院武汉430100 加拿大国家研究院测量科学与标准研究中心加拿大渥太华K1AOR6

为研究N_(2)、CO_(2)稀释下的非预混甲烷燃烧特性,以工业锅炉常用的小型圆筒燃烧器为研究对象,基于数值模拟研究2种不同稀释气(CO_(2)、N_(2))在不同稀释比(0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%)工况下对天然气燃烧温度场、组分、燃料燃烧效率及... 详细信息

为研究N_(2)、CO_(2)稀释下的非预混甲烷燃烧特性,以工业锅炉常用的小型圆筒燃烧器为研究对象,基于数值模拟研究2种不同稀释气(CO_(2)、N_(2))在不同稀释比(0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%)工况下对天然气燃烧温度场、组分、燃料燃烧效率及主要污染物排放的影响规律。结果表明:随着2种稀释气体的加入,燃烧速率、最高温度逐渐降低,NO_(x)和碳烟(soot)排放总量也随之降低;圆筒燃烧器在5 mm半径燃料入口下的CO_(2)和N_(2)稀释极限稀释比分别为23%和34%,综合考虑稀释技术的经济成本和减排结果,2种稀释气体稀释率应控制在5%~10%。

关键词：稀释气燃烧技术燃烧特性数值模拟废气再循环