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Efficiently simulating the work distribution of multiple identical bosons with boson sampling

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 197-206页

作者： Wen-qiang Liu zhang-qi yin Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements(MOE) School of PhysicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Boson sampling has been theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated to show quantum computational advantages.However,it still lacks the deep understanding of the practical applications of boson sampling.Here we propose that boson sampling can be used to efficiently simulate the work distribution of multiple identical bosons.We link the work distribution to boson sampling and numerically calculate the transition amplitude matrix between the single-boson eigenstates in a one-dimensional quantum piston system,and then map the matrix to a linear optical network of boson sampling.The work distribution can be efficiently simulated by the output probabilities of boson sampling using the method of the grouped probability estimation.The scheme requires at most a polynomial number of the samples and the optical elements.Our work opens up a new path towards the calculation of complex quantum work distribution using only photons and linear optics.

关键词： quantum simulation quantum work distribution boson sampling linear optic

Revealing excited states of rotational Bose-Einstein condensates

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 41-48页

作者： Jianyuan yin Zhen Huang Yongyong Cai qiang Du Lei zhang School of Mathematical Sciences Laboratory of Mathematics and Applied MathematicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Mathematics National University of SingaporeSingapore 119076Singapore Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA School of Mathematical Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics and Data Science Institute Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Center for Quantitative BiologyCenter for Machine Learning ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Rotational Bose-Einstein condensates can exhibit quantized vortices as topological excitations.In this study,the ground and excited states of the rotational Bose-Einstein condensates are systematically studied by calculating the stationary points of the Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional.Various excited states and their connections at different rotational frequencies are revealed in solution landscapes constructed with the constrained high-index saddle dynamics method.Four excitation mechanisms are identified:vortex addition,rearrangement,merging,and splitting.We demonstrate changes in the ground state with increasing rotational frequencies and decipher the evolution of the stability of ground states.

关键词： method rotational excited

From Liquid to Solid‑State Lithium Metal Batteries:Fundamental Issues and Recent Developments

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 68-125页

作者： Zhao zhang Wei‑qiang Han School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

The widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries has been driven by the proliferation of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles,which have increasingly stringent energy density requirements.Lithium metal batteries(LMBs),with their ultralow reduction potential and high theoretical capacity,are widely regarded as the most promising technical pathway for achieving high energy density batteries.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of fundamental issues related to high reactivity and migrated interfaces in LMBs.Furthermore,we propose improved strategies involving interface engineering,3D current collector design,electrolyte optimization,separator modification,application of alloyed anodes,and external field regulation to address these challenges.The utilization of solid-state electrolytes can significantly enhance the safety of LMBs and represents the only viable approach for advancing them.This review also encompasses the variation in fundamental issues and design strategies for the transition from liquid to solid electrolytes.Particularly noteworthy is that the introduction of SSEs will exacerbate differences in electrochemical and mechanical properties at the interface,leading to increased interface inhomogeneity—a critical factor contributing to failure in all-solidstate lithium metal batteries.Based on recent research works,this perspective highlights the current status of research on developing high-performance LMBs.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries All-solid-state lithium metal battery Li dendrite Solid electrolyte Interface

Ultrasound diagnosis of congenital Morgagni hernias: Ten years of experience at two Chinese centers

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第3期12卷 495-502页

作者： Hui-Qing Shi Wen-Juan Chen qiang yin Xue-Hua zhang Department of Ultrasound Fujian Children’s Hospital(Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center)College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics&Gynecology and PediatricsFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350011Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Ultrasound Hunan Children’s HospitalUniversity of South ChinaChangsha 410007Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Pediatric Surgery Hunan Children’s HospitalUniversity of South ChinaChangsha 410007Hunan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Morgagni hernias are rare anomalies that are easily misdiagnosed or missed.AIM To summarize the ultrasound(US)imaging characteristics of Morgagni hernias through a comparison of imaging and surgical results.METHODS The records of children with Morgagni hernias who were hospitalized at two hospitals between January 2013 and November 2023 were retrospectively re-viewed in terms of clinical findings,US features,and operative details.RESULTS Between 2013 and 2023,we observed nine(five male and four female)children with Morgagni hernias.Upper abdominal scanning revealed a widening of the prehepatic space,with an abnormal channel extending from the xiphoid process to the right or left side of the thoracic cavity.The channel had intestinal duct and intestinal gas echoes.Hernia contents were found in the transverse colon(n=6),the colon and small intestine(n=2),and the colon and stomach(n=1).Among the patients,seven had a right-sided lesion,two had a left-sided lesion,and all of them had hernial sacs.CONCLUSION US imaging can accurately determine the location,extent,and content of Morgagni hernias.For suspected Mor-gagni hernias,we recommend performing sonographic screening first.

关键词： Children Congenital diaphragmatic hernias Morgagni hernia Operation Ultrasound Gastrointestinal imaging

New structure transistors for advanced technology node CMOS ICs

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 24-41页

作者： Qingzhu zhang Yongkui zhang Yanna Luo Huaxiang yin Integrated Circuit Advanced Process R&D Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMECAS) State key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Over recent decades, advancements in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuits(ICs)have mainly relied on structural innovations in transistors. From planar transistors to the fin field-effect transistor(FinFET) and gate-all-around FET(GAAFET), more gate electrodes have been added to three-dimensional(3D) channels with enhanced control and carrier conductance to provide higher electrostatic integrity and higher operating currents within the same device footprint. Beyond the 1-nm node, Moore's law scaling is no longer expected to be applicable to geometrical shrinkage. Vertical transistor stacking, e.g. in complementary FETs(CFET), 3D stack(3DS) FETs and vertical-channel transistors(VFET), for enhanced density and variable circuit or system design represents a revolutionary scaling approach for sustained IC development. Herein, innovative works on specific structures, key process breakthroughs, shrinking cell sizes and design methodologies for transistor structure research and development are reviewed. Perspectives on future innovations in advanced transistors with new channel materials and operating theories are also discussed.

关键词： transistor CMOS GAAFET CFET 3DS FET

Nutrient transport following water transfer through the world's largest water diversion channel

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 703-714页

作者： Yuanhui Cheng Hong zhang Wei yin State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute Wuhan 430051China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Nutrient levels in the artificial channel constructed for the Middle Route Project are significant indicators of water quality safety and aquatic ecological integrity for this large,interbasin scheme.However,the distribution and transport of nutrients along the channel were poorly understood.Based on a time-series dataset as well as mass balance and material flow analysis methods,the water and nutrient transport fluxes in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were identified in this study.The results indicate that the nutrient concentrations varied considerably with time,but there was no significant difference among the 30 stations of the main channel.Seasonal temperature difference was the major factor in the large fluctuations of water quality indicators over time.The nutrient loadings varied with the water volume outputs from the main channel to the waterreceiving cities.Atmospheric deposition was an important source of nutrients in the main channel,accounting for 9.13%,20.6%,and 0.635%of the nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur input from the Danjiangkou Reservoir,respectively.In 2021,a net accumulation of 988 tons of N,29 tons of P,and 2,540 tons of S,respectively,were present in the main channel.The increase of these external and internal nutrient loadings would cause water quality fluctuation and deterioration in some local sections of the main channel.Our study quantified the spatial and temporal patterns of nutrient transport in the Middle Route and revealed the ecological effects on the aquatic environment,assisting authorities on the project to develop effective water conservation strategies.

关键词： Nutrient transport Spatiotemporal patterns The Middle Route The South-to-North Diversion Project Hydro-ecological effects Water-receiving cities

Protective Effects of Phellodendron Species on Bone Health: A Novel Perspective on Their Potentials in Treating Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期30卷 379-384页

作者： XIN Li TAN Guo-yao zhang qiang zhang Qun Good Clinical Practice Development Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou(510630)China Department of Pharmacy Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou(510120)China

Phellodendron(PN)species,traditionally used in Chinese medicine for centuries,hold promise as a potential treatment for osteoporosis(OP)and osteoarthritis(OA)due to their bioactive compounds.The bioactive compounds,including berberine and palmatine,exhibit anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and bone-protective properties,contributing to their potential therapeutic benefits in promoting bone health and preventing bone loss.However,challenges such as the need for standardized preparation and dosing,limited clinical studies,and potential interactions with other medications hinder their clinical use.Nonetheless,the rich history of PN species in Chinese medicine provides a promising foundation for future investigation into their potential as alternative treatments for OP and OA.Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of action and explore the clinical implications of PN for bone health.

关键词： Phellodendron species bone health osteoporosis osteoarthritis review

DNA Binding and Cleavage Property of Pyrenyl-macrocyclic Polyamine Conjugate

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2006年第9期17卷 1185-1188页

作者： qiang yin Zhen zhang Yu Fen ZHAO The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry ＆ Chemical Biology （Ministry of Education） Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084

We reported the synthesis of a simple bifunctional molecule and the interaction between this molecule and DNA were studied by UV and the DNA cleavage behavoior was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis.

关键词： DNA cleavage ESI-MS UV agarose gel electrophoresis

Studies on a Novel Minor-groove Targeting Artificial Nuclease:Synthesis and DNA Binding Behavior

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2007年第1期23卷 44-47页

作者： yin qiang zhang Zhen ZHAO Yu-fen The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry ＆ Chemical Biology Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China

Nucleases play an important role in molecular biology, for example, in DNA sequencing. Synthetic polyamide conjugates can be considered as a novel tool for the selective inhibition of gene expressions and also as potential drugs in anticancer or antiviral chemotherapy. In this article, the synthesis of a novel minor-groove targeting artificial nuclease, an oligopyrrol-containing compound, has been reported. It was found that this novel compound can bind DNA in AT-rich minor groove with high affinity and site specificity. DNA binding behavior was determined by using UV-Vis and CD. It is indicated that compound 6 can enhance the Tm, of DNA from 80.4 ℃ to 84. 4 ℃ and that it possesses a high binding constant value（Kb =3.05 × 10^4 L/mol）.

关键词： Calf thymus DNA Polyamide Bioconjugate UV-Vis spectroscopy Circular dichroism