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Nutrient transport following water transfer through the world's largest water diversion channel

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 703-714页

作者： Yuanhui Cheng Hong zhang Wei yin State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute Wuhan 430051China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Nutrient levels in the artificial channel constructed for the Middle Route Project are significant indicators of water quality safety and aquatic ecological integrity for this large,interbasin scheme.However,the distribution and transport of nutrients along the channel were poorly understood.Based on a time-series dataset as well as mass balance and material flow analysis methods,the water and nutrient transport fluxes in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were identified in this study.The results indicate that the nutrient concentrations varied considerably with time,but there was no significant difference among the 30 stations of the main channel.Seasonal temperature difference was the major factor in the large fluctuations of water quality indicators over time.The nutrient loadings varied with the water volume outputs from the main channel to the waterreceiving cities.Atmospheric deposition was an important source of nutrients in the main channel,accounting for 9.13%,20.6%,and 0.635%of the nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur input from the Danjiangkou Reservoir,respectively.In 2021,a net accumulation of 988 tons of N,29 tons of P,and 2,540 tons of S,respectively,were present in the main channel.The increase of these external and internal nutrient loadings would cause water quality fluctuation and deterioration in some local sections of the main channel.Our study quantified the spatial and temporal patterns of nutrient transport in the Middle Route and revealed the ecological effects on the aquatic environment,assisting authorities on the project to develop effective water conservation strategies.

关键词： Nutrient transport Spatiotemporal patterns The Middle Route The South-to-North Diversion Project Hydro-ecological effects Water-receiving cities

Succinylation modification:a potential therapeutic target in stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 781-787页

作者： Jie lian Wenwu Liu Qin Hu Xiaohua zhang Department of Neurosurgery Ren Ji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Naval Medical CenterNaval Medical University

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide.Ischemic cell death triggered by the compromised supply of blood oxygen and glucose is one of the major pathophysiology of strokeinduced brain injury.Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is observed minutes after stroke and is closely associated with the progression of neuropathology.Recently,a new type of posttranslational modification,known as lysine succinylation,has been recognized to play a significant role in mitochondrial energy metabolism after ischemia.However,the role of succinylation modification in cell metabolism after stroke and its regulation are not well understood.We aimed to review the effects of succinylation on energy metabolism,reactive oxygen species generation,and neuroinflammation,as well as Sirtuin 5 mediated desuccinylation after stroke.We also highlight the potential of targeting succinylation/desuccinylation as a promising strategy for the treatment of stroke.The succinylation level is dynamically regulated by the nonenzymatic or enzymatic transfer of a succinyl group to a protein on lysine residues and the removal of succinyl catalyzed by desuccinylases.Mounting evidence has suggested that succinylation can regulate the metabolic pathway through modulating the activity or stability of metabolic enzymes.Sirtuins,especially Sirtuin 5,are characterized for their desuccinylation activity and have been recognized as a critical regulator of metabolism through desuccinylating numerous metabolic enzymes.Imbalance between succinylation and desuccinylation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of stroke.Pharmacological agents that enhance the activity of Sirtuin 5 have been employed to promote desuccinylation and improve mitochondrial metabolism,and neuroprotective effects of these agents have been observed in experimental stroke studies.However,their therapeutic efficacy in stroke patients should be validated.

关键词： mitochondria metabolism neuroprotection sirtuin 5 stroke succinylation modification

Kinesin 26B modulates M2 polarization of macrophage by activating cancer-associated fibroblasts to aggravate gastric cancer occurrence and metastasis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第20期30卷 2689-2708页

作者： lian-Meng Huang Ming-Jin zhang Department of General Surgery The 901st Hospital of PLAHefei 230031Anhui ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The regulatory effects of KIF26B on gastric cancer(GC)have been confirmed,but the specific mechanism still needs further exploration.Pan-cancer analysis shows that the KIF26B expression is highly related to immune infiltration of cancerassociated fibroblasts(CAFs),and CAFs promote macrophage M2 polarization and affect cancers’progression.AIM To investigate the regulatory functions of KIF26B on immune and metastasis of GC.METHODS We analyzed genes’mRNA levels by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Expression levels of target proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry,ELISA,and Western blotting.We injected AGS cells into nude mice for the establishment of a xenograft tumor model and observed the occurrence and metastasis of GC.The degree of inflammatory infiltration in pulmonary nodes was observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.Transwell and wound healing assays were performed for the evaluation of cell invasion and migration ability.Tube formation assay was used for detecting angiogenesis.M2-polarized macrophages were estimated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.RESULTS KIF26B was significantly overexpressed in cells and tissues of GC,and the higher expression of KIF26B was related to GC metastasis and prognosis.According to in vivo experiments,KIF26B promoted tumor formation and metastasis of GC.KIF26B expression was positively associated with CAFs’degree of infiltration.Moreover,CAFs could regulate M2-type polarization of macrophages,affecting GC cells’migration,angiogenesis,invasion,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process.CONCLUSION KIF26B regulated M2 polarization of macrophage through activating CAFs,regulating the occurrence and metastasis of GC.

关键词： metastasis invasion macrophage

Caffeic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester prevents colorectal cancer through inhibition of multiple cancer-promoting signal pathways in 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine/dextran sodium sulphate mouse model

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期44卷 70-77页

作者： JIN Tao ZHOU Qian SHEN Jichen zhang Zhizhong lian Xiaoyuan College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Ocean College Zhoushan Campus of Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the potential feature and mechanism of the caffeic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester(CADPE)molecule,which can prevent colorectal cancer(CRC)in the 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine(DMH)/dextran sodium sulphate(DSS)-induced mouse model.METHODS:Institute of cancer research(ICR)male mice were injected with 20 mg/kg DMH for a week.After that,2%DSS was administered in the drinking water for another 7 d.The CADPE treatment was given to the DMH/DSS induced male mice at three different periods until their sacrifice.Histopathological examination was used for observing the CRC development at colonic mucosa.Immunohistochemistry(IHC),blood cells smearing and crypt damage scoring methods were used for investigating the anti-inflammation feature of CADPE related to CRC.The reversing targets searching method was applied with artificial intelligence(AI),computeraided drug designing(CADD)and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)techniques for predicting the potential targets and mechanism of CADPE highly related to CRC.RESULTS:The data indicated that CADPE inhibited CRC tumor development in the colitis-associated DMH/DSS induced mouse model after giving the early treatment.CADPE also impeded the acute inflammation by decreasing the infiltration of neutrophils significantly during the initial stage of CRC development.Finally,our data showed that CADPE prevented CRC by blocking active sites of three pivotal protein targets including epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)and mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR)in two major cancer development pathways.CONCLUSIONS:CADPE effectively prevented CRC at early stage of tumor germination in the DMH/DSS mouse model highly likely due to its anti-acute inflammation characteristic and the ability of blocking EGFR,ERK and m TOR activities in two highly related CRC developing pathways.

关键词： caffeic acids colorectal neoplasms inflammation chemoprevention Sarcandra glabra

Annexin A1 in the nervous and ocular systems

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 591-597页

作者： Aijia Wang Hong zhang Xing Li yin Zhao Department of Ophthalmology 2Department of AnesthesiologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

The therapeutic potential of Annexin A1,an important member of the Annexin superfamily,has become evident in results of experiments with multiple human systems and animal models.The anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects of Annexin A1 are characteristic of pathologies involving the nervous system.In this review,we initially describe the expression sites of Annexin A1,then outline the mechanisms by which Annexin A1 maintains the neurological homeostasis through either formyl peptide receptor 2 or other molecular approaches;and,finally,we discuss the neuroregenerative potential qualities of Annexin A1.The eye and the nervous system are anatomically and functionally connected,but the association between visual system pathogenesis,especially in the retina,and Annexin A1 alterations has not been well summarized.Therefore,we explain the beneficial effects of Annexin A1 for ocular diseases,especially for retinal diseases and glaucoma on the basis of published findings,and we explore present and future delivery strategies for Annexin A1 to the retina.

关键词： Annexin A1(ANXA1) glaucoma nervous system neuroprotection neuroregeneration ocular disease retina

Applications of single-cell RNA sequencing in spermatogenesis and molecular evolution

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 575-585页

作者： Wen-Bo Chen Meng-Fei zhang Fan Yang Jin-lian Hua College of Veterinary Medicine Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering&TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China

Spermatogenic cell heterogeneity is determined by the complex process of spermatogenesis differentiation.However,effectively revealing the regulatory mechanisms underlying mammalian spermatogenic cell development and differentiation via traditional methods is difficult.Advances in technology have led to the emergence of many single-cell transcriptome sequencing protocols,which have partially addressed these challenges.In this review,we detail the principles of 10x Genomics technology and summarize the methods for downstream analysis of single-cell transcriptome sequencing data.Furthermore,we explore the role of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in revealing the heterogeneity of testicular ecological niche cells,delineating the establishment and disruption of testicular immune homeostasis during human spermatogenesis,investigating abnormal spermatogenesis in humans,and,ultimately,elucidating the molecular evolution of mammalian spermatogenesis.

关键词： Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) Spermatogenesis Molecular evolution Sertoli cell

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A comprehensive research on wear resistance of GH4169 superalloy in longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic vibration side milling with tool wear and surface quality

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 556-573页

作者： Baoqi CHANG Zhaoxi YI Fen zhang lian DUAN Ji-an DUAN School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China State Key Laboratory of High Performance and Complex Manufacturing Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Physics and Electronics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

To improve the service and machining performance of the workpiece, the tool wear mechanisms, surface machining quality, and wear resistance in conventional side milling(CSM)and longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic vibration side milling(LTUVSM) of GH4169 superalloy at different cutting lengths are investigated systematically. Tool wear mechanisms are revealed and the correlation between machined surface quality with tool wear is analyzed correspondingly. Tool wear patterns mainly include adhesive wear, diffusion wear, abrasive wear, and chipping sticking.Better surface quality is achieved in LTUVSM due to a maximum reduction of flank wear bandwidth and wear rate by 71.9% and 71.5%, respectively, compared to CSM. The friction coefficient,initial wear stage time, and wear volume of dry sliding wear were measured to evaluate the workpiece wear resistance. The maximum reductions in friction coefficient and wear volume in LTUVSM are 18.2% and 15.8% compared to CSM. The regular ultrasonic vibration textures suppress the friction and the growth of contact nodes in the contact area, decreasing the degree of surface wear, which is demonstrated by a 38.8% increase in initial wear stage time compared to CSM.In conclusion, the workpiece in LTUVSM exhibits higher wear resistance because of the improvement of tool wear and the guarantee of surface quality.

关键词： Dry sliding wear Surface quality Tool wear Ultrasonic vibration Wear resistance

Neurotoxicity of tetramethylammonium ion on larval and juvenile zebrafish:Effects on neurobehaviors and multiple biomarkers

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 138-147页

作者： Ruixin zhang Rui Wang Jiajun Chang GDaniel Sheng Daqiang yin Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide(TMAH)is an important compound that utilized and released by the rapidly expanding semiconductor industry,which could hardly be removed by the conventional wastewater treatment techniques.As a cholinergic agonist,the tetramethylammonium ion(TMA^(+))has been reported to induce toxicity to muscular and respiratory systems of mammals and human,however the toxicity on aquatic biota remains poorly known.We investigated the neurotoxic effects of TMA^(+)exposure on zebrafish,based on neurobehavior tests and a series of biomarkers.Significant inhibitions on the swimming distance of zebrafish larvae were observed when the exposure level exceeded 50 mg/L,and significant alterations on swimming path angles(straight and deflective movements)occurred even at 10 mg/L.The tested neurobehavioral endpoints of zebrafish larvae were significantly positively correlated with reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdehyde(MDA),significantly negatively related with the activities of antioxidant enzymes,but not significantly correlated with the level of acetylcholinesterase(AChE).Such relationship indicates that the observed neurotoxic effects on swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae is mainly driven by oxidative stress,rather than the alterations of neurotransmitter.At the highest exposure concentration(200 mg/L),TMA^(+)evoked more severe toxicity on zebrafish juveniles,showing significantly stronger elevation on the MDA activity,and greater inhibitions on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and ACh E,suggesting juveniles were more susceptible to TMA^(+)exposure than larval zebrafish.

关键词： Tetramethylammonium Zebrafish Oxidative stress Acetylcholinesterase Neurobehavior

Understanding the Roles of Genius and Taste in the Production of Beauty:A Kantian Approach to Artistic Intention

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 139-158页

作者： zhang yin CUNY Graduate Center New YorkUSA

The intention of achieving objectives through art seemingly conflicts with Kant's tenet that judgments of taste should be devoid of conceptual determinations.According to Kant,beautiful art must be viewed as the product of genius,a rare gift of nature that operates through the work of aesthetic ideas.This prompts inquiries into the respective roles of genius and taste in the production of beautiful art.It has been proposed that genius is a mere concept,a universal capacity,or a collaborator with taste,but these accounts are found to be deficient.Drawing upon Kant's distinction between free beauty and adherent beauty,this paper demonstrates that genius is neither sufficient nor necessary to produce beautiful art.Furthermore,this paper investigates the significance of taste in artistic production,taking into consideration the autonomy and refinement of taste over time.

关键词： Intention Genius Taste Beauty Art