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Human embryonic stem cells as an in vitro model for studying developmental origins of type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第8期12卷 761-775页

作者： Andy Chun-Hang Chen Kai Fai lee William Shu Biu Yeung yin lau lee Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053Guangdong ProvinceChina

The developmental origins of health and diseases(DOHaD)is a concept stating that adverse intrauterine environments contribute to the health risks of *** the theory emerged more than 30 years ago,many epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed that in utero exposure to environmental insults,including hyperglycemia and chemicals,increased the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases(NCDs).These NCDs include metabolic syndrome,type 2 diabetes,and complications such as diabetic *** the effects of different environmental insults on early embryo development would aid in understanding the underlying mechanisms by which these insults promote NCD *** stem cells(ESCs)have also been utilized by researchers to study the *** have pluripotent characteristics and can be differentiated into almost every cell lineage;therefore,they are excellent in vitro models for studying early developmental *** importantly,human ESCs(hESCs)are the best alternative to human embryos for research because of ethical *** this review,we will discuss different maternal conditions associated with DOHaD,focusing on the complications of maternal ***,we will review the differentiation protocols developed to generate different cell lineages from ***,we will review how hESCs are utilized as a model for research into the *** effects of environmental insults on hESC differentiation and the possible involvement of epigenetic regulation will be discussed.

关键词： Development origins of health and diseases Maternal diabetes Environmental insults Type 2 diabetes Human embryonic stem cells Epigenetics

A new osteogenic protein isolated from Dioscorea opposita Thunb accelerates bone defect healing through the mTOR signaling axis

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第9期27卷 429-446页

作者： John Akrofi Kubi Augustine Suurinobah Brah Kenneth Man Chee Cheung yin lau lee Kai-Fai lee Stephen Cho Wing Sze Wei Qiao Kelvin Wai-Kwok Yeung Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong(HKU)Hong Kong S.A.R.PR China Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma HKU-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518053PR China Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineHKU21 Sassoon RoadHong Kong S.A.RPR China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation Reproductive Medicine CenterHKU-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenPR China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong S.A.RPR China Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong S.A.RPR China Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care Faculty of DentistryHong Kong S.A.RPR China

Delayed bone defect repairs lead to severe health and socioeconomic impacts on patients. Hence, there are increasing demands for medical interventions to promote bone defect healing. Recombinant proteins such as BMP-2 have been recognized as one of the powerful osteogenic substances that promote mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to osteoblast differentiation and are widely applied clinically for bone defect repairs. However, recent reports show that BMP-2 treatment has been associated with clinical adverse side effects such as ectopic bone formation, osteolysis and stimulation of inflammation. Here, we have identified one new osteogenic protein, named ‘HKUOT-S2’ protein, from Dioscorea opposita Thunb. Using the bone defect model, we have shown that the HKUOT-S2 protein can accelerate bone defect repair by activating the mTOR signaling axis of MSCs-derived osteoblasts and increasing osteoblastic biomineralization. The HKUOT-S2 protein can also modulate the transcriptomic changes of macrophages, stem cells, and osteoblasts, thereby enhancing the crosstalk between the polarized macrophages and MSCs-osteoblast differentiation to facilitate osteogenesis. Furthermore, this protein had no toxic effects in vivo. We have also identified HKUOT-S2 peptide sequence TKSSLPGQTK as a functional osteogenic unit that can promote osteoblast differentiation in vitro. The HKUOT-S2 protein with robust osteogenic activity could be a potential alternative osteoanabolic agent for promoting osteogenesis and bone defect repairs. We believe that the HKUOT-S2 protein may potentially be applied clinically as a new class of osteogenic agent for bone defect healing.

关键词： Dioscorea spp protein Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) Osteoblast differentiation Bone mineral density(BMD) Bone defect repair mTOR signaling pathway

Blastocyst-like embryo surrogates from stem cells in implantation models

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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2022年第4期6卷 225-233页

作者： Siyu Tian Hanzhang Ruan William Shu-Biu Yeung yin lau lee Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation Reproductive Medicine CenterThe University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053China Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology Building 17WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong Kong 999077China

Successful embryo implantation requires highly coordinated maternal-embryo *** failure is a major factor contributing to ***,the mechanism underlying implantation failure remains *** improved understanding of the early implantation process not only improves the success rate of assisted reproductive treatments but also helps in studying the pathophysiology of reproductive *** to ethical concerns,in vivo studies of human embryo implantation are not ***,the results obtained from animal models cannot be directly applied to *** the years,in vitro implantation models have been developed to investigate implantation *** this review,we discuss the use of different models for generating embryo-like surrogates to study early embryo development and implantation in vitro,with a specific focus on stem cell-derived blastocyst-like embryo *** is no definitive evidence that the recently established embryo-like models re-capitulate all developmental events of human embryos during the peri-implantation ***,stem cell-derived embryo surrogates are the most valuable tools for studying the mechanisms of early cell lineage differentiation and developmental failures during implantation.

关键词： implantation models Stem cells Embryo surrogates Endometrium Trophoblastic spheroid Blastoids

Evolution of biomass particles during pelletization process

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 182-187页

作者： Hamid Rezaei Maryam Tajilrou Jun Sian lee Kanages Singaraveloo Anthony lau Shahab Sokhansanj Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada

Pulverizing is an essential unit operation in co-firing biomass with *** are only compatible with pellet forms of fibrous biomass materials and crush them down to their original forming particle *** is why the data on the size distribution of the particles forming a biomass pellet is crucial to achieving optimum combustion *** current study determines the internal particle size distribution of pellets after wet disintegration,following Iso 17830 standard,and aims to suggest improvements to the mentioned standard based on new measured *** were carried out on white wood pellets(no bark)and brown wood pellets containing bark at four water temperatures:20,40,60,and 95℃,with or without *** particle size distribution of the pre-pelletizer wood particles was also measured and compared with particles in the formed *** water temperature of 20℃ was found to be adequate for the complete disintegration of pellets,and no mechanical stirring was *** 30% of particles in the disintegrated pellets were 0.5-1.0 *** changes the particle size distribution to smaller *** disintegrated bark pellets contained more fines than white pellets.

关键词： Wood pellets Particle sizes distribution Wet disintegration Stirring Water temperature

Biochemical consequences of glucocerebrosidase 1 mutations in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 725-727页

作者： Jeong Hyun Yoon Chiao-yin lee Anthony HV Schapira Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences University College London Institute of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London Aligning Science Across Parkinson's(ASAP)Collaborative Research Network

Parkinson’s disease(PD,OMIM#168600)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 8.5 *** is characterized by four cardinal motor symptoms:bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor,and subsequently by postural *** usually involves non-motor symptoms such as rapid eye movement sleep disorder,dementia,anosmia,and autonomic *** gene glucocerebrosidase 1(GBA1),which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase(GCase)(IUBMB:EC 3.***.1.45),shows strong linkage with PD;variants of GBA1 are the commonest genetic association with PD(Sidransky et al.,2009).Several mechanisms may underlie the relationship between GBA1 mutations/variants and the molecular pathology of PD(Figure 1A and B).

关键词： cerebro consequences

Genetic diversity of the S-type small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 84-90页

作者： Eric Tzyy Jiann Chong Joveen Wan Fen Neoh Tiek ying lau Kek Heng Chua Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim Ping-Chin lee Biotechnology Research Institute Universiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMS88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia Department of Biomedical Science Faculty of Medicine BuildingUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS(CERiA) University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMS88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia

Objective:To determine the genetic diversity of Plasmodium(P.)knowlesi isolates from Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia,targeting the S-type SSU rRNA gene and including aspects of natural selection and ***:Thirty-nine blood samples infected with *** were collected in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular *** S-type SSU rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction,cloned into a vector,and *** natural selection and haplotype of the S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were determined using DnaSP v6 and illustrated using NETWORK *** study's 39 S-type SSU rRNA sequences and eight sequences from the Genbank database were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MEGA ***:Overall,the phylogenetic analysis showed no evidence of a geographical cluster of *** isolates from different areas in Malaysia based on the S-type SSU rRNA gene *** S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were relatively conserved and with a purifying *** sharing of the S-type SSU rRNA gene was observed between the *** isolates in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo,but not between Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular ***:This study suggests that the S-type SSU rRNA gene of *** isolates in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo,and Peninsular Malaysia has fewer polymorphic sites,representing the conservation of the *** features make the S-type SSU rRNA gene suitable for comparative studies,such as determining the evolutionary relationships and common ancestry among *** species.

关键词： Plasmodium knowlesi S-type small subunit ribosomal RNA Genetic diversity Natural selection Haplotype

A Review on Soft Ionic Touch Point Sensors

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 193-208页

作者： lee, Gibeom lee, Donghyun Im, Gwang-Bum lee, Younghoon Gachon Univ Dept Mech Engn 1342 Seongnamdaero Seongnam 13120 South Korea Harvard Med Sch Dept Surg Boston MA 02115 USA

A touch sensor is an essential component in meeting the growing demand for human-machine interfaces. These sensors have been developed in wearable, attachable, and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of information from humans. To be applied to the human body, sensors are required to be biocompatible and not restrict the natural movement of the body. Ionic materials are a promising candidate for soft touch sensors due to their outstanding properties, which include high stretchability, transparency, ionic conductivity, and biocompatibility. Here, this review discusses the unique features of soft ionic touch point sensors, focusing on the ionic material and its key role in the sensor. The touch sensing mechanisms include piezocapacitive, piezoresistive, surface capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric and triboresistive sensing. This review analyzes the implementation hurdles and future research directions of the soft ionic touch sensors for their transformative potential. This paper introduces the increasing importance of touch sensors in human-machine interfaces and the role of soft ionic materials in enhancing the functionality of touch sensors. It provides detailed explanations of various touch sensor mechanisms, including piezocapacitive, piezoresistive, surface capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and triboresistive. It also discusses the challenges of minimizing humidity sensitivity, improving resilience, and suppressing unwanted electrochemical reactions, along with future directions for touch sensors. image

关键词： iontronics ionic materials soft materials touch sensors TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATORS BRAIN-TISSUE TRANSPARENT HYDROGEL STRENGTH

Immunoregulatory and Anti-cancer Activities of Combination Treatment of Novel Four-Herb Formula and Doxorubicin in 4T1-Breast Cancer Bearing Mice

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期30卷 311-321页

作者： Lea Ling-Yu Kan Ben Chung-Lap Chan Grace Gar-lee Yue LI Pei-ting Sharon Sze-Man Hon HUANG Dan-qi Miranda Sin-Man Tsang Clara Bik-San lau Ping-Chung Leung Chun-Kwok Wong Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine School of Health and Biomedical SciencesSTEM CollegeRMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong SARHong KongChina

Objective To investigate the in vivo immunomodulatory and anti-tumor mechanisms of the combined treatment of novel Four-Herb formula(4HF)and doxorubicin in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods Murine-derived triple-negative mammary carcinoma cell line,4T1 cells,was cultured and inoculated into mouse mammary ***-six mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups(n=11 in ench):naive,control,LD 4HF(low dose 4HF),HD 4HF(high dose 4HF),LD 4HF+D(low dose and doxorubicin),and D(doxorubicin).Apart from the naive group,each mouse received subcutaneous inoculation with 5×10^(5)4T1 cells resuspended in 100µL of normal saline in the mammary fat *** from the day of tumor cell inoculation,tumors were grown for 6 *** LD and HD groups received daily oral gavage of 658 and 2,630 mg/kg 4HF,*** LD 4HF+D group received daily oral gavage of 658 mg/kg 4HF and weekly intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin(5 mg/kg).The D group received weekly intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin(5 mg/kg).The treatment naive mice received daily oral gavage of 0.2 mL double distilled water and 0.1 mL normal saline via intraperitoneal injection once a *** control group received daily oral gavage of 0.2 mL double-distilled *** treatment period was 30 *** the end of treatment,mice organs were harvested to analyze immunological activities via immunophenotyping,gene and multiplex analysis,histological staining,and gut microbiota *** Mice treated with the combination of 4HF and doxorubicin resulted in significantly reduced tumor and spleen burdens(P<0.05),altered the hypoxia and overall immune lymphocyte landscape,and manipulated gut microbiota to favor the anti-tumor immunological ***,immunosuppressive genes,cytokines,and chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine 2 and interleukin-10 of tumors were significantly downregulated(P<0.05).4HF-doxorubicin combination treatment demonstrated synergetic activities and was most effective

关键词： adjunctivetherapy breast cancer cytokines Chinese medicine tumor microenvironment

人类输卵管细胞来源的胚胎滋养因子-3(ETF-3)的判定

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人类输卵管细胞来源的胚胎滋养因子-3(ETF-3)的判定