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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第1期8卷 53-63页

作者： Kaiqi Sun Huangqing Xiao yilu liu University of Tennessee Knoxville College of Engineering Ringgold standard institution KnoxvilleTennesseeUnited States

In recent years,the interconnection of asynchronous power grids through the VSC-MTDC system has been proposed and extensively studied in light of the potential benefits of economical bulk power exchanges and frequency regulation reserves *** paper proposes an optimized allocation method for sharing frequency regulation reserves among the interconnected power systems and the corresponding frequency regulation control of the VSC-MTDC system under emergency frequency deviation ***,the frequency regulation reserve classification is *** the classification,the available frequency response capacity reserves of each interconnection are divided into commercial reserves and regular *** the commercial reserves are procured through long-term contracts,the regular reserves are purchased based on market prices of frequency regulation ***,based on the proposed frequency regulation reserve classification,a novel frequency regulation control is then introduced for the VSC-MTDC *** control method could minimize the costs of the disturbed power grid for the needed frequency response supports from the other power *** verifications are performed on a modified IEEE 39 bus system and a highly reduced power system model representing the North American *** simulation verification indicates that the developed frequency regulation control significantly reduced ancillary service costs of the disturbed power grid.

关键词： Frequency regulation control optimized reserve allocation response reserve classification VSC-MTDC

Automated Two-stage Conversion of Hourly Optimal DC Flow Solution to AC Power Flow

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第1期9卷 28-36页

作者： Adedasola A.Ademola Shutang You yilu liu Bredesen Centre and Centre of Ultra-Wide Area Resilient Electrical Energy Transmission NetworksUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996 USA Centre of Ultra-Wide Area Resilient Electrical Energy Transmission Networks University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996 USA

Conversion of hourly dispatch cases derived using DC optimal power flow(DCOPF)to AC power flow(ACPF)case is often challenging and requires arduous human analysis and *** paper proposes an automated two-stage approach to solve ACPF formulated from DCOPF dispatch *** first stage involved the use of the conventional Newton Raphson method to solve the ACPF from flat start,then ACPF cases that are unsolvable in the first stage are subjected to a hotstarting incremental method,based on homotopy continuation,in the second *** tasks such as the addition of reactive power compensation and tuning of voltage setpoints that typically require human intervention were automated using a criteriabased selection method and optimal power flow *** datasets with hourly dispatches for the 243-bus reduced WECC system were used to test the proposed *** algorithm was able to convert 100%of the first set of dispatch cases to solved ACPF *** the second dataset with suspect dispatch cases to represent an extreme conversion scenario,the algorithm created solved ACPF cases that satisfied a defined success criterion for 77.8%of the dispatch *** average run time for the hotstarting algorithm to create a solved ACPF case for a dispatch was less than 1 minute for the reduced WECC system.

关键词： AC power flow DC power flow hot-starting algorithm homotopy continuation power flow convergence reactive power compensation voltage setpoint tuning

Machine learning-based fast frequency response control for a VSC-HVDC system

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第4期7卷 688-697页

作者： Kaiqi Sun Huangqing Xiao Shengyuan liu yilu liu University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN 37996USA University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN 37996USA and also with the Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA

HVDC system can realize a very fast frequency response to the disturbed system under a contingency because its active power control is decoupled from the frequency ***,most of existing HVDC frequency control strategies are coupled with system primary frequency control and secondary frequency *** the traditional system frequency control is dominated by the thermal generators,the advantage of the fast response of the HVDC system is not made fully *** development of a frequency response estimation based on a machine learning algorithm provides another approach to improve the frequency response capability of the HVDC *** from other frequency deviation tracking strategies,a machine learning based HVDC frequency response control can directly increase the power flow of a HVDC system by estimation of the system generator or load *** this paper,a fast frequency response control using a HVDC system for a large power system disturbance based on the multivariate random forest regression(MRFR)algorithm is *** simulation is carried out with an integrated power system model based on the North American *** simulation results indicate that the proposed MRFR based frequency response control can significantly improve the frequency low point during an event,while stabilizing the frequency in advance.

关键词： Frequency response control multivariate random forest regression VSC-HVDC system

Cross-seam Hybrid MTDC System for Integration and Delivery of Large-scale Renewable Energy

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第6期9卷 1352-1362页

作者： Kaiqi Sun Huangqing Xiao Jiuping Pan yilu liu University of Tennessee the Oak Ridge National Laboratory School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Hitachi ABB Power Grids Research

To better utilize the diversity of renewable energies in the U. S., this paper proposes a cross-seam hybrid multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(MTDC) system for the integration of different types of renewable energies in the U. *** on a developed station-hybrid converter design, the proposed hybrid MTDC system further investigates the connection methods of renewable energies and develops novel flexible power flow control strategies for realizing uninterrupted integration of renewable energies. In addition, the frequency response control of the hybrid MTDC system is proposed by utilizing the coordination between the converters in the hybrid MTDC *** feasibility of the hybrid MTDC system and the performance of its corresponding control strategies are conducted in the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation. The simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid MTDC system could realize the uninterrupted integration of renewable energies and flexible power transmission to both coasts of U.S.

关键词： Multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(MTDC)system cross-seam interconnection integration of large-scale renewable energies flexible power flow control frequency response control

Controlled Islanding Strategy Considering Uncertainty of Renewable Energy Sources Based on Chance-constrained Model

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 471-481页

作者： Shengyuan liu Tianhan Zhang Zhenzhi Lin yilu liu Yi Ding Li Yang the School of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA the School of Electrical Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China Electrical and Electronics Systems Research Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA

Controlled islanding plays an essential role in preventing the blackout of power *** there are several studies on this topic in the past,no enough attention is paid to the uncertainty brought by renewable energy sources(RESs)that may cause unpredictable unbalanced power and the observabilit>T of power systems after islanding that is essential for back-up black-start ***,a novel controlled islanding model based on mixed-integer second-order cone and chance-constrained programming(MISOCCP)is proposed to address these ***,the uncertainty of RESs is characterized by their possibility distribution models with chance constraints,and the requirements,e.g.,system observability,for rapid back-up black-start measures are also ***,a law of large numbers(LLN)based method is em-ployed for converting the chance constraints into deterministic ones and reformulating the non-convex model into convex ***,case studies on the revised IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus power systems as well as the comparisons among different models are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed *** results show that the proposed model can result in less unbalanced power and better observability after islanding compared with other models.

关键词： Controlled islanding second-order cone chance-constrained programming renewable energy source(RES) black-start observability.

Impact of Simultaneous Activities on Frequency Fluctuations:Comprehensive Analyses Based on Real Measurement Data from the FNET/GridEye

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第2期7卷 421-431页

作者： Shengyuan liu Shutang You Chujie Zeng Yinfeng Zhao Wenxuan Yao yilu liu Zhenzhi Lin Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Simultaneous human activities,such as the Super Bowl game,would cause certain impacts on frequency fluctuations in power *** the help of FNET/GridEye measurements,this paper aims to give comprehensive analyses on the frequency fluctuations during Super Bowl LIV held on Feb.2,2020,so as to better understand several phenomena caused by simultaneous activities which will help system operations and ***,recent developments of the FNET/GridEye are briefly ***,the frequency fluctuations of the Eastern Interconnection(El),western electricity coordinating council(WECC),and electric reliability council of Texas(ERCOT)power systems during Super Bowl LIV are ***,frequency fluctuations of Super Bowl Sunday and ordinary Sundays in 2020 are ***,the differences of frequency fluctuations among different years during the Super Bowl and their change trends are also ***,several possible explanations,including the simultaneity of electricity consumption at the beginning of commercial breaks and the halftime show,the increasing usage of the Internet,and the increasing size of TV screens,are illustrated in detail in this paper.

关键词： Frequency fluctuation FNET/GridEye simultaneous activities Super Bowl synchrophasor measurement

Attack Detection for Spoofed Synchrophasor Measurements Using Segmentation Network

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第5期8卷 1327-1337页

作者： Wei Qiu Chengcheng Li Qiu Tang Kaiqi Sun yilu liu Wenxuan Yao College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

Synchrophasor measurements are essential to realtime situational awareness of the smart grid but vulnerable to cyber-attacks during the process of transmission and *** ensure data security and mitigate the impact of spoofed synchrophasor measurements,this work proposes a novel object detection method using a Weight-based One-dimensional Convolutional Segmentation Network(WOCSN)with the ability of attack behavior identification and time *** WOCSN,automatic data feature extraction can be achieved by onedimensional convolution from the input signal,thereby reducing the impact of handcrafted features.A weight loss function is designed to distribute the contribution for normal and attack ***,attack time is located via the proposed binary method based on pixel ***,the actual synchrophasor data collected from four locations are used for the performance evaluation of the ***,combined with designed evaluation metrics,the time localization ability of WOCSN is validated in the scenarios of composite attacks with different spoofed intensities and time-sensitivities.

关键词： Data security spoofed synchrophasor measurements weight-based one-dimensional convolutional segmentation network(WOCSN)

SF_(6)decomposition and insulation condition monitoring of GIE:A review

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High Voltage 2021年第6期6卷 955-966页

作者： Fuping Zeng Haotian Li Hongtu Cheng Ju Tang yilu liu School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory KnoxvilleTennesseeUSA

The statistics of the Conference International des Grands Reseaux Electriques(CIGRE)indicate that the operational reliability of SF6 gas‐insulated equipment(GIE)is very high;however,the failure rate of the GIE in operation is much higher than that of the IEC standard,and the fault occurs frequently in the GIE at a high voltage *** reason is due to the complex and strong on‐site electromagnetic interference environment and fully enclosed structure of *** key method and technology for effective on‐line monitoring and fault diagnosis of GIE are still *** the partial strong electromagnetic energy and high temperature induced by early latent insulation faults in the equipment,SF6 gas insulation presents different degrees of *** decomposition products mainly include SO_(2)F_(2),SOF_(2),SO_(2),HF,and *** decomposition characteristics of SF6 are closely related to the property of insulation *** present,this area is attracting attention from the power industry and research *** study summarises the current research on SF_(6)decomposition component analysis(DCA).The content mainly includes the latest progress of SF_(6)decomposition characteristics and mechanism under fault conditions,and fault diagnosis methods based on decomposition components.

关键词： insulation fault diagnosis

Data quality issues for synchrophasor applications PartⅠ:a review

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2016年第3期4卷 342-352页

作者： Can HUANG Fangxing LI Dao ZHOU Jiahui GUO Zhuohong PAN Yong liu yilu liu Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Synchrophasor systems, providing low-latency,high-precision, and time-synchronized measurements to enhance power grid performances, are deployed ***, the synchrophasor system as a physical network,involves communication constraints and data quality issues, which will impact or even disable certain synchrophasor applications. This work investigates the data quality issue for synchrophasor applications. In Part I, the standards of synchrophasor systems and the classifications and data quality requirements of synchrophasor applications are reviewed. Also, the actual events of synchronization signal accuracy, synchrophasor data loss, and latency are counted and analyzed. The review and statistics are expected to provide an overall picture of data accuracy,loss, and latency issues for synchrophasor applications.

关键词： Synchrophasor system Synchrophasor application Data quality Data accuracy Data loss Latency

Measurement-based Frequency Dynamic Response Estimation Using Geometric Template Matching and Recurrent Artificial Neural Network

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2016年第3期2卷 10-18页

作者： Feifei Bai Xiaoru Wang yilu liu Xinyu liu Yue Xiang Yong liu School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science the University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37831USA School of Electrical Engineering and Information Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Understanding power system dynamics after an event occurs is essential for the purpose of online stability assessment and control *** area measurement systems(WAMS)based on synchrophasors make power system dynamics visible to system operators,delivering an accurate picture of overall operating ***,in actual field implementations,some measurements can be inaccessible for various reasons,e.g.,most notably communication *** reconstruct these inaccessible measurements,in this paper,the radial basis function artificial neural network(RBF-ANN)is used to estimate the system *** order to find the best input features of the RBF-ANN model,geometric template matching(GeTeM)and quality-threshold(QT)clustering are employed from the time series analysis to compute the similarity of frequency dynamic responses in different locations of the power *** proposed method is tested and verified on the Eastern Interconnection(EI)transmission system in the United *** results obtained indicate that the proposed approach provides a compact and efficient RBF-ANN model that accurately estimates the inaccessible frequency dynamic responses under different operating conditions and with fewer inputs.

关键词： Artificial neural network clustering dynamic response estimation geometric template matching radial basis function