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Improved Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation on Land in a Global Non-Hydrostatic Model Using a Revised NSAS Deep Convective Scheme

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1217-1234页

作者： yifan zhao Xindong PENG Xiaohan LI Siyuan CHEN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CMA Earth System modeling and Prediction Centre Beijing 100081China 2035 Future Laboratory PIESAT Information Technology Co Ltd.Beijing 100195China

In relatively coarse-resolution atmospheric models,cumulus parameterization helps account for the effect of subgridscale convection,which produces supplemental rainfall to the grid-scale precipitation and impacts the diurnal cycle of precipitation.In this study,the diurnal cycle of precipitation was studied using the new simplified Arakawa-Schubert scheme in a global non-hydrostatic atmospheric model,i.e.,the Yin-Yang-grid Unified Model for the Atmosphere.Two new diagnostic closures and a convective trigger function were suggested to emphasize the job of the cloud work function corresponding to the free tropospheric large-scale forcing.Numerical results of the 0.25-degree model in 3-month batched real-case simulations revealed an improvement in the diurnal precipitation variation by using a revised trigger function with an enhanced dynamical constraint on the convective initiation and a suitable threshold of the trigger.By reducing the occurrence of convection during peak solar radiation hours,the revised scheme was shown to be effective in delaying the appearance of early-afternoon rainfall peaks over most land areas and accentuating the nocturnal peaks that were wrongly concealed by the more substantial afternoon peak.In addition,the revised scheme enhanced the simulation capability of the precipitation probability density function,such as increasing the extremely low-and high-intensity precipitation events and decreasing small and moderate rainfall events,which contributed to the reduction of precipitation bias over mid-latitude and tropical land areas.

关键词： cumulus parameterization diurnal cycle of precipitation large-scale dynamic forcing global non-hydrostatic atmospheric model performance verification

Efficient optimization of electron transfer pathway by constructing phosphide/ceria interface boosts seawater hydrogen production

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 490-498页

作者： yifan zhao Lingfeng Yang Youyu Long Min Xi Anran Chen Hua Zhang School of Materials and Energy Yunnan University Electron Microscopy Centre of Yunnan University Yunnan University

Developing efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） electrocatalysts is one of the most important issues for the commercialization of seawater electrolysis,but it remains challenging.Here,we report a CeO2-CoP nanoneedle array catalyst loaded on Ti mesh（CeO2-CoP/TM） with workfunction-induced directional charge transport properties.The CeO2-CoP/TM catalyst showed superior HER catalytic activity and stability,with over potentials of 41 and 60 mV to attain 10 mA cm-2,in 1 M KOH and 1 M KOH+seawater electrolyte,respectively.Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the work function drives the charge transfer from CeO2to CoP,which effectively balances the electronic density of CoP and CeO2,optimizes the d-band center,and accelerates the water activation kinetics,thus enhancing the HER activity.The solar-driven water electrolysis device displays a high and stable solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 19.6%.This study offers a work function-induced directional charge transport strategy to design efficient and durable catalysts for hydrogen production.

关键词： Charge transport Heterostructure Seawater splitting Solar-to-hydrogen Work function

Plasma-assisted synthesis of porous bismuth nanosheets for electrocatalytic CO_(2)-to-formate reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 19-28页

作者： Liangping Xiao Qizheng Zheng Rusen Zhou Sifan Liu yifan zhao Yadong zhao Renwu Zhou Kostya Ken Ostrikov State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Centre for Plasma BiomedicineSchool of Electrical EngineeringXi'an Jjiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049 ShaanxiChina School of Chemistry and Physics QUT Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology(QUT)BrisbaneQLD 4000.Australia Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft MatterFujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional MaterialsJiujiang Research InstituteXiamen UniversityXiamen361005FujianChina Department of Biomaterials College of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005FujianChina School of Food and Pharmacy Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022ZhejiangChina

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction(eCO_(2)RR)to formate,driven by clean energy,is a promising approach for producing renewable chemicals and high-value fuels.Despite its potential,further development faces challenges due to limitations in electrocatalytic activity and durability,especially for nonnoble metal-based catalysts.Here,naturally abundant bismuth-based nanosheets that can effectively drive CO_(2)-to-formate electrocatalytic reduction are prepared using the plasma-activated Bi_(2)Se_(3) followed by a reduction process.Thus-obtained plasma-activated Bi nanosheets(P-BiNS)feature ultrathin structures and high surface areas.Such nanostructures ensure the P-BiNS with outstanding eCO_(2)RR catalytic performance,highlighted by the current density of over 80 mA cm^(-2) and a formate Faradic efficiency of>90%.Furthermore,P-BiNS catalysts demonstrate excellent durability and stability without deactivation following over 50h of operation.The selectivity for formate production is also studied by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,validating the importance and efficacy of the stabilization of intermediates(^(*)OCHO)on the P-BiNS surfaces.This study provides a facile plasma-assisted approach for developing high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts.

关键词： Plasma-assisted synthesis Plasmaa ctivation Bismuth nanosheet CO_(2)RR Formate

Driver Steering Behaviour Modelling Based on Neuromuscular Dynamics and Multi‑Task Time‑Series Transformer

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Automotive Innovation 2024年第1期7卷 45-58页

作者： Yang Xing Zhongxu Hu Xiaoyu Mo Peng Hang Shujing Li Yahui Liu yifan zhao Chen Lv School of Aerospace Transport and ManufacturingCranfield UniversityCranfield MK430ALUnited Kingdom School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore College of Transportation Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Driver steering intention prediction provides an augmented solution to the design of an onboard collaboration mechanism between human driver and intelligent vehicle.In this study,a multi-task sequential learning framework is developed to pre-dict future steering torques and steering postures based on upper limb neuromuscular electromyography signals.The joint representation learning for driving postures and steering intention provides an in-depth understanding and accurate modelling of driving steering behaviours.Regarding different testing scenarios,two driving modes,namely,both-hand and single-right-hand modes,are studied.For each driving mode,three different driving postures are further evaluated.Next,a multi-task time-series transformer network(MTS-Trans)is developed to predict the future steering torques and driving postures based on the multi-variate sequential input and the self-attention mechanism.To evaluate the multi-task learning performance and information-sharing characteristics within the network,four distinct two-branch network architectures are evaluated.Empirical validation is conducted through a driving simulator-based experiment,encompassing 21 participants.The pro-posed model achieves accurate prediction results on future steering torque prediction as well as driving posture recognition for both two-hand and single-hand driving modes.These findings hold significant promise for the advancement of driver steering assistance systems,fostering mutual comprehension and synergy between human drivers and intelligent vehicles.

关键词： Driver steering behaviours Neuromuscular dynamics Multi-task learning Sequential transformer Intelligent vehicles

Flexible pressure sensors with ultrahigh stress tolerance enabled by periodic microslits

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 301-311页

作者： Song Wang Chenying Wang yifan zhao Yujing Zhang Yaxin Zhang Xiangyue Xu Qijing Lin Kai Yao Yuheng Wang Feng Han Yu Sun Zhuangde Jiang State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologiesSchool of Mechanical EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologiesSchool of Instrument Science and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo UniversityNingboChina Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoCanada

Stress tolerance plays a vital role in ensuring the effectiveness of piezoresistive sensing films used in flexible pressure sensors.However,existing methods for enhancing stress tolerance employ dome-shaped,wrinkle-shaped,and pyramidal-shaped microstructures in intricate molding and demolding processes,which introduce significant fabrication challenges and limit the sensing performance.To address these shortcomings,this paper presents periodic microslits in a sensing film made of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polydimethylsiloxane to realize ultrahigh stress tolerance with a theoretical maximum of 2.477 MPa and a sensitivity of 18.092 kPa−1.The periodic microslits permit extensive deformation under high pressure(e.g.,400 kPa)to widen the detection range.Moreover,the periodic microslits also enhance the sensitivity based on simultaneously exhibiting multiple synapses within the sensing interface and between the periodic sensing cells.The proposed solution is verified by experiments using sensors based on the microslit strategy for wind direction detection,robot movement sensing,and human health monitoring.In these experiments,vehicle load detection is achieved for ultrahigh pressure sensing under an ultrahigh pressure of over 400 kPa and a ratio of the contact area to the total area of 32.74%.The results indicate that the proposed microslit strategy can achieve ultrahigh stress tolerance while simplifying the fabrication complexity of preparing microstructure sensing films.

关键词： robot shaped stress

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to produce formic acid coupled with oxidative conversion of biomass

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 705-729页

作者： Xi Liu yifan Wang Zhiwei Dai Daihong Gao Xuebing zhao Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)has become a research hot spot in recent years in the context of carbon neutrality.HCOOH is one of the most promising products obtained by electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) due to its high energy value as estimated by market price per energy unit and wide application in chemical industry.Biomass is the most abundant renewable resource in the natural world.Coupling biomass oxidative conversion with CO_(2)RR driven by renewable electricity would well achieve carbon negativity.In this work,we comprehensively reviewed the current research progress on CO_(2)RR to produce HCOOH and coupled system for conversion of biomass and its derivatives to produce value-added products.Sn-and Bi-based electrocatalysts are discussed for CO_(2)RR with regards to the structure of the catalyst and reaction mechanisms.Electro-oxidation reactions of biomass derived sugars,alcohols,furan aldehydes and even polymeric components of lignocellulose were reviewed as alternatives to replace oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in the conventional electrolysis process.It was recommended that to further improve the efficiency of the coupled system,future work should be focused on the development of more efficient and stable catalysts,careful design of the electrolytic cells for improving the mass transfer and development of environment-friendly processes for recovering the formed formate and biomass oxidation products.

关键词： Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) Formic acid Oxidative conversion of biomass Lignocellulose Coupled system

Molecular Epidemiological Study of a Human Brucellosis Outbreak—Weihai City,Shandong Province,China,2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第12期6卷 230-234页

作者： Yan Li yifan Yu Jian zhao Shujun Ding Guoying Zhang Xiaolin Yu Zengqiang Kou Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan CityShandong ProvinceChina Shandong First Medical University Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan CityShandong ProvinceChina Weihai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Weihai CityShandong ProvinceChina

What is already known about this topic?Brucellosis,mainly caused by Brucella melitensis(B.melitensis),is regarded as a significant zoonotic disease in China.In Weihai,located at the eastern end of the Shandong Peninsula,brucellosis has been in a low epidemic phase for the past five years.What is added by this report?This was the initial report of a brucellosis outbreak in the last five years.Strains of B.melitensis bv.3 from Weihai and other cities showed a close genetic relationship,suggesting a potential common ancestry.What are the implications for public health practice?Epidemiological investigations depend on standardized and effective molecular typing methods and analysis tools for public health laboratories to identify and trace outbreaks.Understanding the circulation patterns of livestock in free-range households in heavily affected areas is essential for controlling the spread of brucellosis.

关键词： Shandong China. break

Learning Scalable Task Assignment with Imperative-Priori Conflict Resolution in Multi-UAV Adversarial Swarm Defense Problem

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 369-388页

作者： zhao Zhixin CHEN Jie XIN Bin LI Li JIAO Keming ZHENG yifan School of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China School of Automation Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Beijing 100081China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China.

The multi-UAV adversary swarm defense(MUASD)problem is to defend a static base against an adversary UAV swarm by a defensive UAV swarm.Decomposing the problem into task assignment and low-level interception strategies is a widely used approach.Learning-based approaches for task assignment are a promising direction.Existing studies on learning-based methods generally assume decentralized decision-making architecture,which is not beneficial for conflict resolution.In contrast,centralized decision-making architecture is beneficial for conflict resolution while it is often detrimental to scalability.To achieve scalability and conflict resolution simultaneously,inspired by a self-attention-based task assignment method for sensor target coverage problem,a scalable centralized assignment method based on self-attention mechanism together with a defender-attacker pairwise observation preprocessing(DAP-SelfAtt)is proposed.Then,an imperative-priori conflict resolution(IPCR)mechanism is proposed to achieve conflict-free assignment.Further,the IPCR mechanism is parallelized to enable efficient training.To validate the algorithm,a variant of proximal policy optimization algorithm(PPO)is employed for training in scenarios of various scales.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only achieves conflict-free task assignment but also maintains scalability,and significantly improve the success rate of defense.

关键词： Conflict resolution reinforcement learning scalability task assignment.

Effect of non-uniform swelling on coal multiphysics during gas injection: The triangle approach

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1362-1372页

作者： yifan Huang Jishan Liu Yaoyao zhao Derek Elsworth Yee-Kwong Leong Department of Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayWA 6009Australia State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources & Safe Mining China University of Mining& TechnologyBeijing100803China Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering G3 Centre and Energy InstituteThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA

In current dual porosity/permeability models,there exists a fundamental assumption that the adsorption-induced swelling is distributed uniformly within the representative elementary volume (REV),irrespective of its internal structures and transient processes.However,both internal structures and transient processes can lead to the non-uniform swelling.In this study,we hypothesize that the non-uniform swelling is responsible for why coal permeability in experimental measurements is not only controlled by the effective stress but also is affected by the adsorption-induced swelling.We propose a concept of the swelling triangle composed of swelling paths to characterize the evolution of the non-uniform swelling and serve as a core link in coupled multiphysics.A swelling path is determined by a dimensionless volumetric ratio and a dimensionless swelling ratio.Different swelling paths have the same start and end point,and each swelling path represents a unique swelling case.The swelling path as the diagonal of the triangle represents the case of the uniform swelling while that as the two perpendicular boundaries represents the case of the localized swelling.The paths of all intermediate cases populate inside the triangle.The corresponding relations between the swelling path and the response of coal multiphysics are established by a non-uniform swelling coefficient.We define this method as the triangle approach and corresponding models as swelling path-based ones.The proposed concept and models are verified against a long-term experimental measurement of permeability and strains under constant effective stress.Our results demonstrate that during gas injection,coal multiphysics responses have a close dependence on the swelling path,and that in both future experiments and field predictions,this dependence must be considered.

关键词： Transient process Heterogeneity Swelling triangle Swelling path Non-uniform swelling coefficient