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The risk factors and threshold level of subchronic inhalation exposure of reclaimed water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 639-650页

作者： Jiayang kong Yun Lu Yunru Ren Menghao Chen gang Liu Liangliang Shi State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Inhalation of reclaimed water is known to cause lung infammation,and free endotoxins have been shown to be a major risk factor for acute *** exposure has also been shown to induce infammatory responses with visible tissue ***,subchronic risk factors have yet to be identified,and a threshold for the protection of occupational populations during urban reuse is *** this study,potential risk factors in reclaimed water were examined by subchronic exposure with fractionated reclaimed water,and the health risk threshold was tested with a series of diluted reclaimed ***,following a 12-week exposure,macromolecules and microorganisms were found to be two major risk factors in reclaimed water that could cause pulmonary infammation,including increased proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar fuid,formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue,and elevation of Immunoglobulin A ***,infammation persisted after a 4-week recovery *** calculated threshold of reclaimed water exposure for mice was 31.8 Endotoxin Unit(EU)/(kg·day)under when exposed to 50%additional relative humidity from reclaimed water at 25℃ for 2 hr/***,the subchronic threshold estimate for humans under the same exposure conditions was found to be 12.2 EU/(kg·day),corresponding to endotoxin levels of 61.7 EU/mL in reclaimed *** threshold level of endotoxin was lower than that in most non-potable reclaimed *** findings of this study suggest that occupational exposure of reclaimed water can serve as a potential risk to workers.

关键词： Reclaimed water Inhalation exposure Risk factor Threshold Infammation Endotoxin

SOLUTION OF A KIND OF LINEAR INTERNAL WAVE EQUATION

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2005年第5期17卷 636-640页

作者： WANG gang HOU yi-jun ZHENG Quan-an Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Department of Meteorology University of Maryland Maryland 20742-2425 USA

Considering the effect of horizontal Coriolis parameter and the density compactness of seawater, which were often neglected in internal waves discussion, the governing equation of linear internal waves presented by vertical velocity only will be proposed. Under the assumption that the Brunt- Vaeisaelae frequency is exponential, an accurate analytic solution of it is obtained. Finally, the expressions of wave functions are also given.

关键词： internal wave Boussinesq approximation,Coriolis parameter Brunt-Vaeisaelae frequency

PRICE AND SERVICE COMPETITION WITH MAINTENANCE SERVICE BUNDLING

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2015年第2期24卷 168-189页

作者： yi Wang Linyan Sun Rong Qu gang Li Department of Industrial Engineering School of ManagementHangzhou Dianzi University Department of Industrial Engineering School of ManagementXi'an Jiaotong University Automated Scheduling Optimization and Planning Group School of Computer ScienceUniversity of Nottingham

In many equipment manufacturing industries, firms compete with each other not only on products price, but also on maintenance service. More and more traditional products oriented finns are offering their customers products bundled with maintenance service （P＆S bundles）. In this study, we examine finns＇ incentive to offer customers products bundling with long-term maintenance or repair support service in a duopoly competitive environment. When providing P＆S bundles, a finn need to determine the service level （in terms of average response time guarantee for the service in this paper） to offer and needs to build a service facility to handle the maintenance service requirements. Based on the analysis of three sub-game models, we characterize the market conditions in which only one firm, both finns or neither finn will offer P＆S bundles. Finally, we analyze the affects of serval market factors on firms＇ strategy choices.

关键词： Service competition queues products and service bundles product differentiation

Analysis of an improved acquisition method for high-dynamic BOC signal

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2016年第6期27卷 1158-1167页

作者： yi Pan Tianqi Zhang gang Zhang Zhongtao Luo Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications

To reach a compromise between short acquisition time and excellent detection probability for the high-dynamic binary offset carrier (BOC) signal, an overall algorithm based on discrete polynomial-phase transform (DPT) and partial matching filter (PMF)-fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm is given. The high order items of received signals are removed by the method of DPT, and the PMF-FFT algorithm is redesigned for the BOC signal. The simulation experiments and theoretical analyses verify that the improved algorithm has attained improvement in acquisition performance. © 2016 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information.

关键词： Bins Mergers and acquisitions Titration

Ultralight pyrolytic carbon foam reinforced with amorphous carbon nanotubes for broadband electromagnetic absorption

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第3期30卷 570-580页

作者： Luo kong Sihan Luo Shuyu Zhang Guiqin Zhang yi Liang School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021China

For electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials,maximizing absorption at a specific frequency has been constantly achieved,but enhancing the absorption properties in the entire band remains a *** this work,a 3D porous pyrolytic carbon(PyC)foam matrix was synthesized by a template *** carbon nanotubes(CNTs)were then in-situ grown on the matrix surface to obtain ultralight CNTs/Py C *** in-situ grown amorphous CNTs were distributed uniformly and controlled by the catalytic growth time and can enhance the interface polarization and conduction loss of *** the electromagnetic wave enters the internal holes,the electromagnetic energy can be completely attenuated under the combined action of polarization,conductivity loss,and multiple *** ultralight CNTs/Py C foam had a density of 22.0 mg·cm^(-3)and a reflection coefficient lower than-13.3 d B in the whole X-band(8.2-12.4 GHz),which is better than the conventional standard of effective absorption bandwidth(≤-10 dB).The results provide ideas for researching ultralight and strong electromagnetic wave absorbing materials in the X-band.

关键词： ultralight carbon foam amorphous carbon nanotubes broadband electromagnetic absorption

Synthesis of porous iron hydroxy phosphate from phosphate residue and its application as a Fenton-like catalyst for dye degradation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第2期34卷 307-319页

作者： Weilin Guo yin Cao yi Zhang Lijun Wang Lingxue kong School of Environmental and Materials Engineering Shanghai Polytechnic UniversityShanghai 200240China Deakin University GeelongInstitutefor Frontier MaterialsVictoria 3216Australia Shanghai Innovation Institutefor Materials Shanghai 200444China

Phosphate residue is a kind of hazardous solid waste and if not properly disposed of, could cause serious environmental contaminations. The abundant iron salt available in phosphate residue can be used to prepare photo-Fenton catalytic reagent for wastewater treatment. In this study, the phosphate residue was effectively purified by a hydrothermal recrystallization method, reaching an iron phosphate purity of 94.2%. The particles of iron phosphate were further processed with ball milling with their average size reduced from 19.4 to 1.6 μm. By hydrothermal crystallization of iron phosphate and thermal decomposition of oxalate precursor, porous iron hydroxy phosphate was prepared. The modified porous iron hydroxy phosphate(m-PIHP) of higher surface area with iron oxalate on its surface can degrade 98.87% of Rhodamine B in 15 min. Cyclic experiment showed that the catalyst still had a good catalytic activity after six cycles( > 40%). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the iron oxalate complex on the catalyst surface decomposed to produce ferrous ions and accelerated the rate of · OH production. The current work demonstrated that the m-PIHP synthesized from phosphate residue and modified with iron oxalate can be used as an effective dye wastewater treatment agent.

关键词： Phosphate residue Porous iron hydroxy phosphate Fenton-like ·OH

A method for neutron-induced gamma spectra decomposition analysis based on Geant4 simulation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第12期33卷 36-48页

作者： Wei Tang Jin-gang Liang yi Ge Qiong Zhang University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610000China Tsinghua University Beijing 10000China

In various monitoring and detection tools that use pulsed neutron generators as radiation sources,the gamma rays induced by the interaction with various nuclei at different stages of neutron transport can reflect information about the *** gamma rays are generated in two major interactions:inelastic scattering of fast neutrons and radiative capture of thermal neutrons,corresponding to the inelastic and capture gamma rays,***,the two types of gamma rays that reflect different properties of the medium are difficult to collect by normal detectors *** proportion of the two gamma rays needs to be solved for the separation of inelastic and capture ***,this study proposes an optimized spectra decomposition method to calculate the inelastic-to-capture ratio in the measured total gamma spectra based on the net inelastic and capture spectra obtained using the Geant4 *** the simulated data cannot reflect the energy resolution of the measured spectra,we introduce the Gaussian broadening function of the gamma detector while calculating the proportion of the spectra components,and achieve optimization of the proportion values and resolution parameters *** on the results,the total simulated spectra obtained by superimposing the broadened net inelastic and capture gamma spectra according to the calculated inelastic-to-capture ratio are in good agreement with their measured counterpart.

关键词： Neutron-induced gamma Geant4 Spectra analysis

Advances of physics-based precision modeling and simulation for manufacturing processes

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Advances in Manufacturing 2013年第1期1卷 75-81页

作者： gang Wang yi-Ming Rong Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology Tsinghua University Department of Mechanical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute

The development of manufacturing process concerns precision, comprehensiveness, agileness, high efficiency and low cost. The numerical simulation has become an important method for process design and optimization. Physics-based modeling was proposed to promote simulations with a high accuracy. In this paper, three cases, on material properties, precise boundary conditions, and micro-scale physical models, have been discussed to demonstrate how physics-based modeling can improve manufacturing simulation. By using this method, manu- facturing process can be modeled precisely and optimized for getting better performance.

关键词： Material properties Multiscale analysis Physics-based modeling Manufacturing process

A Study on Pollen Allergens in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第4期23卷 319-322页

作者： ZHI-gang LIU JUAN-JUAN SONG XIAO-LI kong State Key Laboratory of Allergic Respiratory Diseases School of Medicine Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 Guangdong China

Objective Allergic disease caused by airborne pollen is a major health problem in China. Intensive study on pollen allergens can be of great help for preventing and treating pollinosis. Four aspects of the study on pollen allergens in China including major allergic pollen in our country, analysis and purification of pollen allergen composition, recombinant pollen allergens and clinical application of pollen allergens are described in this paper.

关键词： Airborne pollen Allergens Clinical application Pollinosis Recombinant allergens