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The Functional Redundancy of Neddylation E2s and E3s in Modulating the Fitness of Regulatory T Cells

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Research 2024年第2期2023卷 373-387页

作者： Di Wu yi sun Cancer Institute(Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention China National Ministry of Education)of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310029China Cancer Center of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029China Zhejang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Zhejang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences Zhejang ProvinceChina Research Center for Life Science and Human Health Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310053China

Neddylation is necessary for activation of Cullin-RING ligases(CRLs),which degrade various immune regulatory *** recent study showed that while depletion of neddylation E2-E3 pair Ube2f-Sag in regulatory T(T_(reg))cells had no obvious phenotype,the same depletion of either Ube2m or Rbx1 caused inflammation disorders with different *** these E2s or E3s compensate each other in functional regulations of T_(reg)cells is,however,previously *** this report,we generated Foxp3^(Cre);Ube2m^(fl/fl);Ube2f^(fl/fl)or Foxp3^(Cre);Rbx1^(fl/fl);Sag^(fl/fl)double-null mice by simultaneous deletion of both neddylation E2s or E3s in T_(reg)cells,***,Ube2m&Ube2f double-null mice developed much severe autoimmune phenotypes than did Ube2m-null mice,indicating that Ube2m markedly compensates Ube2f in T_(reg)*** minor worsened autoimmune phenotypes seen at the very early stage in Rbx1&Sag double-null than Rbx1-null mice is likely due to already severe phenotypes of the later,indicating a minor compensation of Rbx1 for *** RNA profiling-based analyses revealed that up-and down-regulations of few signaling pathways in T_(reg)cells are associated with the severity of autoimmune ***,severer inflammation phenotypes seen in mice with double E3-null than with double E2-null T_(reg)cells indicate a neddylation-independent mechanism of 2 E3s,also known to serve as the RING component of CRLs in regulation of T_(reg)cell fitness.

关键词： Foxp3 inflammation markedly

A Survey of Voltage-Controlled-Oscillator-Based ?∑ ADCs

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2022年第3期27卷 472-480页

作者： yi Zhong Nan sun Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

The benefits of technology scaling have fueled interest in realizing time-domain oversampling(?∑) of Analog-to-Digital Converters(ADCs). Voltage-Controlled Oscillators(VCO) are increasingly used to design ?∑ADCs because of their simplicity, high digitization, and low-voltage tolerance, making them a promising candidate to replace the classical Operational Transconductance Amplifier(OTA) in ?∑ ADC design. This work aims to provide a summary of the fully VCO-based ?∑ ADCs that are highly digital and scaling-friendly. This work presents a review of first-order and high-order VCO-based ?∑ ADCs with several techniques and architectures to mitigate the nonidealities introduced by VCO, achieving outstanding power efficiency. The contributions and drawbacks of these techniques and architectures are also discussed.

关键词： Voltage-Controlled Oscillator(VCO) Analog-to-Digital Converter(ADC) oversampling(?∑)ADC time-domain signal processing VCO-based?∑ADC

Conductive,Stretchable,and Self-healing Ionic Gel Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonds and Electrostatic Interaction

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2019年第11期37卷 1053-1059页

作者： yi sun yong-Yuan Ren Qi Li Rong-Wei Shi yin Hu Jiang-Na Guo Zhe sun Feng Yan Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University

Integrating multiple functions into one gel that can be widely applied to electronic devices as well as chemical and biomedical engineering remains a big ***,a multifunctional ionic liquid/dynamic covalent bonds (ionic/DCB) type gel was designed and synthesized via one-pot *** the assistance of electrostatic interaction provided by the imidazolium cations of IL and the reversible DCB of boronic ester,as-prepared ionic/DCB gel showed good stretchable properties and high ionic conductivity at ambient *** addition,the electrostatic interaction between imidazolium cations and sulfonate anions and the reversible DCB led to enhanced chain mobility and thereby excellent self-healing ***,sulfonate anions in ionic/DCB gel could alleviate the migration of electronegative polysulfide and promote the transportation of electropositive lithium ion in lithium-sulfur battery ***,this work provides a new insight to promote the current research on self-healing gels,hopefully expanding their applications in electronic devices.

关键词： Ionic gel Conductivity Self-healing Dynamic covalent bonds Lithium-sulfur battery

Reaction degree of composition B explosive with multi-layered compound structure protection subjected to detonation loading

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第2期17卷 315-326页

作者： Jia-yun Liu yong-xiang Dong Xuan-yi An Ping Ye Qi-tian sun Qian Gao State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

The explosive reaction degree and protection from explosions are concerns in the military *** this work,the reaction degree of the composition B explosive was investigated ***-layered compound structures were used as barriers to weaken the blast loads.A comprehensive experiment using a high-speed camera and image processing techniques,side witness plates,and bottom witness plates was *** the experimental fragment velocities,fragment piercing patterns,and damage characteristics,the reaction degree of the explosive impeded by different multi-layered compound structures could be precisely *** parameters of the explosive obstructed by compound structures were obtained by theoretical analysis and numerical *** the common method in which the explosive reaction degree is only distinguished based on the initial pressure amplitude transmitted into the explosive,a following shock wave reflected from the side steel casing was also *** detonation growth paths in the explosive ***,all these shock wave propagation characteristics must be considered to analyze the explosive response impeded by compound structures.

关键词： Reaction degree Explosive protection Compound structure Comprehensive experiment

Buchstaber Invariants of Universal Complexes

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第6期38卷 1335-1344页

作者： yi sun School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China.

Davis and Januszkiewicz introduced(real and complex) universal complexes to give an equivalent definition of characteristic maps of simple polytopes, which now can be seen as "colorings". The author derives an equivalent definition of Buchstaber invariants of a simplicial complex K, then interprets the difference of the real and complex Buchstaber invariants of K as the obstruction to liftings of nondegenerate simplicial maps from K to the real universal complex or the complex universal complex. It was proved by Ayzenberg that real universal complexes can not be nondegenerately mapped into complex universal complexes when dimension is 3. This paper presents that there is a nondegenerate map from 3-dimensional real universal complex to 4-dimensional complex universal complex.

关键词： Buchstaber invariant Universal complex Lifting problem

First Synthesis and Characterization of Stereoisomers of Choleretic Drug Dihydroxydibutylether

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2015年第10期33卷 1145-1152页

作者： Qiming Yue yi Zhao Baohou sun Li Hai Li Guo yong Wu Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry Department of Medicinal Chemistry West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu Siehuan 610041 China

Dihydroxydibutylether （DHBE） is a choleretic drug used for the treatment of gallstone and hepatic disorders due to its choleretic activity and hepatoprotective action. The drug is a mixture of three regioisomers. The main re- gioisomer 3-（3-hydroxylbutoxy）-1-butanol （III） contains four stereoisomers, including （R）-3-（（R）-3-hydroxyl- butoxy）-1-butanol （IIIa）, （R）-3-（（S）-3-hydroxylbutoxy）-1-butanol （IIIh）, （S）-3-（（R）-3-hydroxylbutoxy）-1-butanol （Ille） and （S）-3-（（S）-3-hydroxylbutoxy）-1-butanol （IIId）. In this paper, the four stereoisomers are synthesized separately for the first time.

关键词： cholecystitis dihydroxydibutylether stereoisomer synthesis

Impact of hydrothermal process on the nutrient ingredients of restaurant garbage

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第5期18卷 1012-1019页

作者： REN Lian-hai NIE yong-feng LIU Jian-guo JIN yi-ying sun Lu Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100037 China Department of Environmental Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

In order to recover the nutrient resource from restaurant garbage, a complete trial with 2 factors on 5 levels of experiments was carried out. The temperature and heating time are the main factors influencing on hydrothermal process （HP） by which improves the degradability and digestibility of the restaurant garbage favorably to make animal feeds or fertilizer. The results showed the variation of protein, saccharide, and oil in the garbage. It showed that protein dissolved and liquefied during hydrothermal process, which made organic nitrogen in solid phase transfer to liquid phase. After heating at 180℃ for 60min, organic nitrogen in liquid phase began to transform into ammonia. It also showed that hydrothermal process could promote the dextrinization, dissolution of the starch and its hydrolysis to reducing sugar, due to that starch in the restaurant garbage decreases and reducing sugar increases. When the temperature reached 140℃, the reducing sugar started to decrease due to chemical reactions. The cellulose was stable at 100-180℃. The floatable oil increased markedly in the hydrothermal process. The suitable condition for de-oil was observed at 160℃ heating for 80 min. Furthermore, the extraction of grease from the solid phase accords with first-order reaction dynamic model.

关键词： restaurant garbage hydrothermal process protein saccharide lipid

Three-dimensional porous CoNiO_(2)@reduced graphene oxide nanosheet arrays/nickel foam as a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

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Tungsten 2020年第4期2卷 390-402页

作者： Zhi‑yi Pan Zheng Tang yong‑Zhong Zhan Dan sun School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Energy Materials School of ResourcesEnvironment and MaterialsGuangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

It is crucial to develop high-performance and cost-effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)toward overall water ***,a unique heterostructure of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and CoNiO_(2) nanosheets directly grown on nickel foam(NF)were successfully fabricated and applied as a kind of highly efficient bifunctional *** optimum CoNiO_(2)@rGO/NF electrode exhibits excellent elec-trocatalytic OER performance with an overpotential of only 272 mV to drive a current density of 100 mA·cm^(−2),and HER performance with an overpotential of 126 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2).Meanwhile,the electrodes also display outstanding long-term stability for OER and HER with negligible activity and morphology degradation after at least 40 h ***,when employed as both cathode and anode for overall water splitting,CoNiO_(2)@rGO/NF elec-trode only requires 1.56 V at 10 mA·cm^(−2) and operates stably for over 40 h,which is among the best performing Co-based and Ni-based non-precious metal *** characterizations reveal that the extraordinary electrocatalytic performance should be attributed to the synergistic effect of the unique heterostructure of CoNiO_(2) nanosheets and rGO for increasing the electrode conductivity and integrity,ultrasmall primary particle size for providing larger electrode/electrolyte contact area and abundant active sites,and three-dimensional(3D)conductive networks for facilitating the electrochemical reaction.

关键词： CoNiO_(2)@reduced graphene oxide arrays Bifunctional electrocatalyst Oxygen evolution reaction Hydrogen evolution reaction Water splitting

mTOR-targeted cancer therapy:great target but disappointing clinical outcomes,why?

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Frontiers of Medicine 2021年第2期15卷 221-231页

作者： Shi-yong sun Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlantaGA 30322USA

The mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)critically regulates several essential biological functions,such as cell growth,metabolism,survival,and immune response by forming two important complexes,namely,mTOR complex 1(mTORC1)and complex 2(mTORC2).mTOR signaling is often dysregulated in cancers and has been considered an attractive cancer therapeutic *** efforts have been made to develop efficacious mTOR inhibitors,particularly mTOR kinase inhibitors,which suppress mTORC1 and mTORC2;however,major success has not been *** the strong scientific rationale,the intriguing question is why cancers are insensitive or not responsive to mTOR-targeted cancer therapy in *** early findings on induced activation of PI3K/Akt,MEK/ERK,and Mnk/eIF4E survival signaling pathways that compromise the efficacy of rapalog-based cancer therapy,recent findings on the essential role of GSK3 in mediating cancer cell response to mTOR inhibitors and mTORC1 inhibition-induced upregulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells may provide some *** new findings may also offer us the opportunity to rationally utilize mTOR inhibitors in cancer *** elucidation of the biology of complicated mTOR networks may bring us the hope to develop effective therapeutic strategies with mTOR inhibitors against cancer.

关键词： mTOR cancer therapy resistance GSK3 protein degradation E3 ubiquitin ligase PD-L1