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Bowel preparation protocol for hospitalized patients ages 50 years or older:A randomized controlled trial

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第1期16卷 18-28页

作者： Yu He Qi Liu yi-wen chen Li-Jian Cui Kai Cao Zi-Hao Guo Department of Geriatrics Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China Department of Gastroenterology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China

BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer progressively increase with age and become particularly prominent after the age of 50 years.Therefore,the population that is≥50 years in age requires long-term and regular colonoscopies.Uncomfortable bowel preparation is the main reason preventing patients from undergoing regular colonoscopies.The standard bowel preparation regimen of 4-L polyethylene glycol(PEG)is effective but poorly tolerated.AIM To investigate an effective and comfortable bowel preparation regimen for hospitalized patients≥50 years in age.METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to group 1(2-L PEG+30-mL lactulose+a lowresidue diet)or group 2(4-L PEG).Adequate bowel preparation was defined as a Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS)score of≥6,with a score of≥2 for each segment.Non-inferiority was prespecified with a margin of 10%.Additionally,the degree of comfort was assessed based on the comfort questionnaire.RESULTS The proportion of patients with a BBPS score of≥6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2,as demonstrated by intention-to-treat(91.2%vs 91.0%,P=0.953)and per-protocol(91.8%vs 91.0%,P=0.802)analyses.Furthermore,in patients≥75 years in age,the proportion of BBPS scores of≥6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2(90.9%vs 97.0%,P=0.716).Group 1 had higher comfort scores(8.85±1.162 vs 7.59±1.735,P<0.001),longer sleep duration(6.86±1.204 h vs 5.80±1.730 h,P<0.001),and fewer awakenings(1.42±1.183 vs 2.04±1.835,P=0.026)than group 2.CONCLUSION For hospitalized patients≥50 years in age,the bowel preparation regimen comprising 2-L PEG+30-mL lactulose+a low-residue diet produced a cleanse that was as effective as the 4-L PEG regimen and even provided better comfort.

关键词： Aged 50 years or older Hospitalized 2-L polyethylene-glycol+30-mL lactulose+a low-residue diet Comfort

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Lipase and photodecarboxylase coexpression: A potential strategy for alkane-based biodiesel production from natural triglycerides

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 238-246页

作者： Yong-yi Zeng Xin-yi Xu Jin-Xuan Xie wen-Li chen Lan Liu Xin-Jian yin Bi-Shuang chen School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519080China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519080China

Alkane-based biodiesel is considered the next generation of biodiesel owing to its potential environmental benefits and the fact that it exhibits much higher specific caloric values than traditional biodiesel.However,the formidable obstacle impeding the commercialization of this cutting-edge fuel alternative lies in the cost associated with its production.In this study,an engineered strain Escherichia coli(E.coli)showcasing harmonized coexpression of a lipase(from Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase,TLL)and a fatty acid photodecarboxylase(from Chlorella variabilis,CvFAP)was first constructed to transform triglycerides into alkanes.The potential of E.coli BL21(DE3)/pRSFDuet-1-TLL-CvFAP for alkane synthesis was evaluated with tripalmitin as a model substrate under various process conditions.Following a comprehensive examination of the reaction parameters,the scope of the biotransformation was expanded to‘real’substrates(vegetable oils).The results showed that bioderived oils can be transformed into alkanes with high yields(0.80-10.20 mmol·L^(-1))under mild conditions(35℃,pH 8.0,and 36 h)and blue light illumination.The selected processes were performed on an increased lab scale(up to 100 ml)with up to 24.77 mmol·L^(-1) tripalmitin,leading to a yield of 18.89 mmol·L^(-1) pentadecane.With the employment of a method for efficiently producing alkanes under mild conditions and a simple procedure to isolate alkanes from the reaction system,the utilization of sustainable biomass as a fundamental feedstock emerges as the primary solution to lower the cost of alkane-based biodiesel.Thus,this study proposes a readily implementable and highly effective approach for alkane-based biodiesel production.

关键词： Alkane-based biodiesel Renewable biomass Co-overexpression Lipase Photodecarboxylase

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Hydrogen-rich water alleviates constipation by attenuating oxidative stress through the sirtuin1/nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第20期30卷 2709-2725页

作者： Kai-Di chen Kui-Ling Wang chen chen yi-Jia Zhu wen-wen Tang Yu-Ji Wang Ze-Peng chen Lin-Hai He Yu-Gen chen Wei Zhang Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210029Jiangsu ProvinceChina The No.1 Clinical Medical College Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210029Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Colorectal Surgery Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210029Jiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210029Jiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210029Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Constipation,a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder,induces a significant burden on the quality of patients'life and is associated with substantial healthcare expenditures.Therefore,identifying efficient therapeutic modalities for constipation is of paramount importance.Oxidative stress is a pivotal contributor to colonic dysmotility and is the underlying pathology responsible for constipation symptoms.Consequently,we postulate that hydrogen therapy,an emerging and promising intervention,can serve as a safe and efficacious treatment for constipation.AIM To determine whether hydrogen-rich water(HRW)alleviates constipation and its potential mechanism.METHODS Constipation models were established by orally loperamide to Sprague-Dawley rats.Rats freely consumed HRW,and were recorded their 24 h total stool weight,fecal water content,and charcoal propulsion rate.Fecal samples were subjected to 16S rDNA gene sequencing.Serum non-targeted metabolomic analysis,malondialdehyde,and superoxide dismutase levels were determined.Colonic tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin,Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff,reactive oxygen species(ROS)immunofluorescence,and immunohistochemistry for cell growth factor receptor kit(c-kit),PGP 9.5,sirtuin1(SIRT1),nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1).Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis were conducted to determine the expression level of SIRT1,Nrf2 and HO-1.A rescue experiment was conducted by intraperitoneally injecting the SIRT1 inhibitor,EX527,into constipated rats.NCM460 cells were induced with H2O2 and treated with the metabolites to evaluate ROS and SIRT1 expression.RESULTS HRW alleviated constipation symptoms by improving the total amount of stool over 24 h,fecal water content,charcoal propulsion rate,thickness of the intestinal mucus layer,c-kit expression,and the number of intestinal neurons.HRW modulated intestinal microbiota imbalance and abnormalities in serum metabolism.HRW could also reduce int

关键词： Hydrogen-rich water Constipation Sirtuin1 Oxidative stress Gut microbiota Serum metabolites

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Bayesian network-based survival prediction model for patients having undergone post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第13期30卷 1859-1870页

作者： Rong chen Ling Luo Yun-Zhi Zhang Zhen Liu An-Lin Liu yi-wen Zhang Department of Infectious Diseases Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China

BACKGROUND Portal hypertension(PHT),primarily induced by cirrhosis,manifests severe symptoms impacting patient survival.Although transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is a critical intervention for managing PHT,it carries risks like hepatic encephalopathy,thus affecting patient survival prognosis.To our knowledge,existing prognostic models for post-TIPS survival in patients with PHT fail to account for the interplay among and collective impact of various prognostic factors on outcomes.Consequently,the development of an innovative modeling approach is essential to address this limitation.AIM To develop and validate a Bayesian network(BN)-based survival prediction model for patients with cirrhosis-induced PHT having undergone TIPS.METHODS The clinical data of 393 patients with cirrhosis-induced PHT who underwent TIPS surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2015 and May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Variables were selected using Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression methods,and a BN-based model was established and evaluated to predict survival in patients having undergone TIPS surgery for PHT.RESULTS Variable selection revealed the following as key factors impacting survival:age,ascites,hypertension,indications for TIPS,postoperative portal vein pressure(post-PVP),aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,total bilirubin,prealbumin,the Child-Pugh grade,and the model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score.Based on the above-mentioned variables,a BN-based 2-year survival prognostic prediction model was constructed,which identified the following factors to be directly linked to the survival time:age,ascites,indications for TIPS,concurrent hypertension,post-PVP,the Child-Pugh grade,and the MELD score.The Bayesian information criterion was 3589.04,and 10-fold cross-validation indicated an average log-likelihood loss of 5.55 with a standard deviation of 0.16.The model’s accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score were 0.90,0.

关键词： Bayesian network Cirrhosis Portal hypertension Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Survival prediction model

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Magnetic Fields Reduce Apoptosis by Suppressing Phase Separation of Tau-441

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 181-197页

作者： wen-Juan Lin wen-Pu Shi Wan-yi Ge Liang-Liang chen Wei-Hong Guo Peng Shang Da-Chuan yin Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical University127 Youyixi RoadXi'an 710072ShaanxiPR China

The biological effects of magnetic fields(MFs)have been a controversial issue.Fortunately,in recent years,there has been increasing evidence that MFs do affect biological systems.However,the physical mechanism remains unclear.Here,we show that MFs(16 T)reduce apoptosis in cell lines by inhibiting liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)of Tau-441,suggesting that the MF effect on LLPS may be one of the mechanisms for understanding the“mysterious”magnetobiological effects.The LLPS of Tau-441 occurred in the cytoplasm after induction with arsenite.The phase-separated droplets of Tau-441 recruited hexokinase(HK),resulting in a decrease in the amount of free HK in the cytoplasm.In cells,HK and Bax compete to bind to the voltage-dependent anion channel(VDAC I)on the mitochondrial membrane.A decrease in the number of free HK molecules increased the chance of Bax binding to VDAC I,leading to increased Bax-mediated apoptosis.In the presence of a static MF,LLPS was marked inhibited and HK recruitment was reduced,resulting in an increased probability of HK binding to VDAC I and a decreased probability of Bax binding to VDAC I,thus reducing Bax-mediated apoptosis.Our findings revealed a new physical mechanism for understanding magnetobiological effects from the perspective of LLPS.In addition,these results show the potential applications of physical environments,such as MFs in this study,in the treatment of LLPS-related diseases.

关键词： inhibited Apoptosis finding

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Regulated polarization degree of upconversion luminescence and multiple anti-counterfeit applications

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2172-2183页

作者： Dong-Ping wen Ping chen yi Liang Xiao-Ming Mo Cao-Feng Pan Center On Nanoenergy Research Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University Key Laboratory of Micronano Energy and Sensor CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences

Polarization upconversion luminescence（PUCL） of lanthanide ions (Ln3+) has been widely used in single particle tracking,microfluidics detection,three-dimensional displays,and so on.However,no effective strategy has been developed for modulating PUCL.Here we report a strategy to regulate PUCL in Ho3+-doped NaYF4single nanorods based on the number of upconversion photons.By constructing a multiphoton upconversion system for Ho3+,we regulate the degree of polarization （DOP） of PUCL from 0.590 for two-photon luminescence to 0.929 for three-photon upconversion luminescence （UCL）.Furthermore,our strategy is verified from cross-relaxation between Ho3+and Yb3+,excitation wavelength,excitation power density,and local site symmetry.And this regulation strategy of PUCL has also been achieved in Tm3+,with the DOP ranging from 0.233 for two-photon luminescence to 0.925 for four-photon UCL Besides,multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting display has been explored with PUCL.This work provides an effective strategy for regulating PUCL and also provides more opportunities for the development of polarization display optical encoding,anti-counterfeiting,and integrated optical devices.

关键词： Polarization upconversion luminescence Degree of polarization Population density of excited state Number of upconversion photons Polarization anti-counterfeiting display

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Goal-Oriented Control Systems(GOCS):From HOW to WHAT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 816-819页

作者： wen-Hua chen the Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering Loughborough UniversityLeicestershireLE113TUU.K.

Brief:New control theory is required to underpin safe design and deployment of future highly automated systems to deal with uncertain environments and complicated tasks,enabled by AI and other advanced technologies.Goal-Oriented Control Systems offer potential to transform the control system design from currently instructing a control system how to perform a task to specifying what is to be achieved.

关键词： automated instru system

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Perspective of Calcium Imaging Technology Applied to Acupuncture Research

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期30卷 3-9页

作者： LI Sha LIU Yun ZHANG Nan LI Wang XU wen-jie XU yi-qian chen yi-yuan CUI Xiang ZHU Bing GAO Xin-yan Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing(100700)China

Acupuncture, a therapeutic treatment defined as the insertion of needles into the body at specific points(ie, acupoints), has growing in popularity world-wide to treat various diseases effectively, especially acute and chronic pain. In parallel, interest in the physiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia, particularly the neural mechanisms have been increasing. Over the past decades, our understanding of how the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system process signals induced by acupuncture has developed rapidly by using electrophysiological methods. However, with the development of neuroscience, electrophysiology is being challenged by calcium imaging in view field, neuron population and visualization in vivo. Owing to the outstanding spatial resolution, the novel imaging approaches provide opportunities to enrich our knowledge about the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia at subcellular, cellular, and circuit levels in combination with new labeling, genetic and circuit tracing techniques. Therefore, this review will introduce the principle and the method of calcium imaging applied to acupuncture research. We will also review the current findings in pain research using calcium imaging from in vitro to in vivo experiments and discuss the potential methodological considerations in studying acupuncture analgesia.

关键词： acupuncture research calcium imaging optical imaging nervous system

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Comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiome and posttranslational modifications elucidates the route involved in microbiota-host interactions

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 95-107页

作者： Hai-Yang Wang Lan-Xiang Liu Xue-yi chen Yang-Dong Zhang wen-Xia Li wen-wen Li Lian Wang Xiao-Long Mo Hong Wei Ping Ji Peng Xie NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 401147China Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences Chongqing 401147China Department of Neurology Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 402160China Department of Pathology Faculty of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center Chongqing 401329China

The gut microbiome interacts with the host to maintain body homeostasis,with gut microbial dysbiosis implicated in many diseases.However,the underlying mechanisms of gut microbe regulation of host behavior and brain functions remain unclear.This study aimed to elucidate the influence of gut microbiota on brain functions via post-translational modification mechanisms in the presence or absence of bacteria without any stimulation.We conducted succinylome analysis of hippocampal proteins in germ-free(GF)and specific pathogen-free(SPF)mice and metagenomic analysis of feces from SPF mice.These results were integrated with previously reported hippocampal acetylome and phosphorylome data from the same batch of mice.Subsequent bioinformatics analyses revealed 584 succinylation sites on 455 proteins,including 54 up-regulated succinylation sites on 91 proteins and 99 down-regulated sites on 51 proteins in the GF mice compared to the SPF mice.We constructed a panoramic map of gut microbiota-regulated succinylation,acetylation,and phosphorylation,and identified cross-talk and relative independence between the different types of post-translational modifications in modulating complicated intracellular pathways.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that 13 taxa,predominantly belonging to the Bacteroidetes phylum,were correlated with the biological functions of post-translational modifications.Positive correlations between these taxa and succinylation and negative correlations between these taxa and acetylation were identified in the modulation of intracellular pathways.This study highlights the hippocampal physiological changes induced by the absence of gut microbiota,and proteomic quantification of succinylation,phosphorylation,and acetylation,contributing to our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in brain function and behavioral phenotypes.

关键词： Gut microbiota Hippocampal protein Post-translational modifications Succinylation Acetylation Phosphorylation

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Evaluation of water management on arsenic methylation and volatilization in arsenic-contaminated soils strengthened by bioaugmentation and biostimulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 515-526页

作者： Peng chen yi Liu Guo-Xin Sun State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Arsenic(As) fate in paddy fields has been one of the most significant current issues due to the strong As accumulation potential of rice plants under fooded conditions. However,no attempt was done to explore As methylation and volatilization under non-fooded conditions. Herein, we investigated the effects of water management on As methylation and volatilization in three arsenic-contaminated soils enhanced by biostimulation with strawderived organic matter and bioaugmentation with genetic engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440(GE P. putida). Under fooded conditions, the application of biochar(BC), rice straw(RS)and their combination(BC+RS) increased total As in porewater. However, these effects were greatly attenuated under non-fooded conditions. Compared with RS amendment alone, the combination of GE P. putida and RS further promoted the As methylation and volatilization,and the promotion percentage under non-fooded conditions were significantly higher than that under fooded conditions. The combined GE P. putida and RS showed the highest efficiency in As methylation(88 μg/L) and volatilization(415.4 μg/(kg·year)) in the non-fooded soil with moderate As contamination. Finally, stepwise multiple linear regression analysis presented that methylated As, DOC and p H in porewater were the most important factors contributing to As volatilization. Overall, our findings suggest that combination of bioaugmentation with GE P. putida and biostimulation with RS/BC+RS is a potential strategy for bioremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils by enhancing As methylation and volatilization under non-fooded conditions.

关键词： Arsenic methylation Arsenic volatilization Water management Straw incorporation Bioaugmentation

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