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Study on the Performance of the GRANDProto300 Particle Detector Array by Simulation

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 173-177页

作者： Fu-Lin Dai Quan-Bu Gou Xiaoyuan Huang yi-qing guo Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a proposed large-scale observatory designed to detect cosmic rays,gamma-rays,and neutrinos with energies exceeding 100 Pe *** GRANDProto300 experiment is proposed as the early stage of the GRAND project,consisting of a hybrid array of radio antennas and scintillator *** latter,as a mature and traditional detector,is used to cross-check the nature of the candidate events selected from radio *** this study,we developed a simulation software called G4GRANDProto300,based on the Geant4 software package,to optimize the spacing of the scintillator detector array and to investigate its effective *** analysis was conducted at various zenith angles under different detector spacings,including 300,500,600,700,and 900 *** results indicate that,for large zenith angles used to search for cosmic-ray in the GRAND project,the optimized effective area is with a detector spacing of 500 *** G4GRANDProto300 software that we developed could be used to further optimize the layout of the particle detector array in future work.

关键词： astroparticle physics instrumentation:detectors (ISM:)cosmic rays

A novel trigger algorithm for wide-field-of-view imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique experiments

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第3期33卷 22-28页

作者： Guang-Guang Xin Hao Cai yi-qing guo Tian-Lu Chen Cheng Liu Xiang-Li Qian School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University)Lhasa 850000China School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan 250357China

The high-altitude detection of astronomical radiation(HADAR)experiment is a new Cherenkov observation technique with a wide field of view(FoV),aimed at observing the prompt emissions ofγ-ray bursts(GRBs).The bottleneck for this type of experiment can be found in determining how to reject the high rate of nightsky background(NSB)noise from random *** this work,we propose a novel method for rejecting noise,which considers the spatial properties of GRBs and the temporal characteristics of Cherenkov *** space coordinates,the map between the celestial sphere and the fired photomultiplier tubes(PMTs)on the telescope's camera can be expressed as f(δ(i,j))=δ'(i',j'),which means that a limited number of PMTs is selected from one *** the temporal scale,a 20-ns time window was selected based on the knowledge of Cherenkov *** allowed integration of the NSB for a short time ***,the angular resolution and effective area at 100 GeV in the HADAR experiment were obtained as 0.2°and 10^(4)m^(2),*** method can be applied to all wide-FoV experiments.

关键词： IACTs Wide field of view(FoV) γ-ray burst Cherenkov radiation

Galactic cosmic ray propagation: sub-PeV diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino emission

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Frontiers of physics 2022年第6期17卷 5-14页

作者： Bing-Qiang Qiao Wei Liu Meng-Jie Zhao Xiao-Jun Bi yi-qing guo Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Tibet ASγexperiment just reported their measurement of sub-PeV diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic disk,with the highest energy up to 957 *** diffuse gamma rays are most likely the hadronic origin by cosmic ray(CR)interaction with interstellar gas in the *** measurement provides direct evidence to the hypothesis that the Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs)can be accelerated beyond PeV *** this work,we try to explain the sub-PeV diffuse gamma-ray spectrum with different CR propagation *** find that there is a tension between the sub-PeV diffuse gamma-ray and the local CR *** describe the sub-PeV diffuse gamma-ray flux,it generally requires larger local CR flux than measurement in the knee *** further calculate the PeV neutrino flux from the CR propagation *** all of these sub-PeV diffuse gamma rays originate from the propagation,the Galactic Neutrinos(GNs)only account for less than∼15%of observed flux,most of which are still from extragalactic sources.

关键词： Galactic cosmic ray diffuse gamma ray neutrino

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Electron and positron spectra in three-dimensional spatial-dependent propagation model

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第8期44卷 193-206页

作者： Zhen Tian Wei Liu Bo Yang Xue-Dong Fu Hai-Bo Xu Yu-Hua Yao yi-qing guo Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Chinese Academy of EngineeringBeijing 100094China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

The spatial-dependent propagation(SDP)model has been demonstrated to account for the spectral hardening of both primary and secondary Cosmic Rays(CRs)nuclei above about 200 *** this work,we further apply this model to the latest AMS-02 observations of electrons and *** investigate the effect of different propagation models,both homogeneous diffusion and SDP are *** contrast to the homogeneous diffusion,SDP brings about harder spectra of background CRs and thus enhances background electron and positron fluxes above tens of ***,the SDP model could better reproduce both electron and positron energy spectra when introducing a local *** influence of the background source distribution is also investigated,where both axisymmetric and spiral distributions are *** find that considering the spiral distribution leads to a larger contribution of positrons for energies above multi-GeV than the axisymmetric *** the SDP model,when including a spiral distribution of sources,the all-electron spectrum above TeV energies is thus naturally *** the meantime,the estimated anisotropies in the all-electrons spectrum show that in contrary to the homogeneous diffusion model,the anisotropy under SDP is well below the observational limits set by the Fermi-LAT experiment,even when considering a local source.

关键词： cosmic rays ISM:supernova remnants spiral arms and galactic disk

Chapter 6 Multimessenger Physics

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第3期46卷 139-152页

作者： Zhuo Li Giuseppe Di Sciascio Quan-Bu Gou yi-qing guo Hao-Ning He Ruo-Yu Liu Kai Wang INFN-Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 100133 RomeItaly Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics(Nanjing University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Combining observations of multi-messengers help in boosting the sensitivity of astrophysical source searches,and probe various aspects of the source *** this chapter we discuss how LHAASO observations of very high energy(VHE)gamma rays in combination with telescopes for the other messengers can help in solving the origins of VHE neutrinos and galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays.

关键词： Cosmic ray gamma-ray neutrino LHAASO

Constraining the cosmic ray propagation halo thickness using Fermi-LAT observations of high-latitude clouds

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第10期45卷 117-124页

作者： Yuhua Yao Bing-Qiang Qiao Wei Liu Qiang Yuan Hong-Bo Hu Xiao-Jun Bi Chao-Wen Yang yi-qing guo College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The diffusive halo is a basic characteristic of cosmic ray(CR)propagation and can advance our understanding of many CR-related phenomena and indirect dark *** method used to derive the halo size often has degeneracy problems and is thus affected by large *** diffuseγrays from high-latitude clouds might shed light on the halo size *** predictions using the spatially dependent propagation(SDP)model have better agreement with the observed CRs than those of the conventional propagation model,in this work,we investigated halo thickness based on the SDP model using Fermi-LATγ-ray observations of high-and intermediatevelocity *** found that to avoid exceeding the relativeγ-ray emissivity in high-latitude clouds,the halo thickness should be in the range of 3.3-9 ***,the spatial morphology ofγ-rays estimated based on the SDP model for different values of the halo thickness are distinctive,which provides us with a tool to determine the halo *** newly developed model can be tested and tuned using multi-wavelength observations in future studies.

关键词： cosmic ray diffusive halo gamma ray emissivity

Gamma/Hadron Separation Method for the HADAR Experiment

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 70-74页

作者： Yang-Zhao Ren Tian-Lu Chen You-Liang Feng Dan-Zeng Luo-Bu yi-qing guo Cheng Liu Qi Gao Mao-Yuan Liu Xiang-Li Qian Ya-Ping Wang Zi-Hao Zhang Xin-Long Li qing-Yuan Hou Heng-Jiao Liu qing-Qian Zhou Shan-Jie Shu The Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management University

Ground-based arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes(IACTs)are the most sensitiveγ-ray detectors for energies of approximately 100 Ge V and *** such IACT is the High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation(HADAR)experiment,which uses a large aperture refractive water lens system to capture atmospheric Cherenkov photons(i.e.,the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique).The telescope array has a low threshold energy and large field of view,and can continuously scan the area of the sky being observed,which is conducive to monitoring and promptly responding to transient *** process ofγ-hadron separation is essential in very-high-energy(>30 Ge V)γ-ray astronomy and is a key factor for the successful utilization of *** this study,Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to model the response of cosmic rays within the HADAR *** analyzing the Hillas parameters and the distance between the event core and the telescope,the distinction between air showers initiated byγ-rays and those initiated by cosmic rays was ***,a Quality Factor was introduced to assess the telescope’s ability to suppress the background and to provide a more effective characterization of its performance.

关键词： astroparticle physics-telescopes-methods data analysis

水包油型乳化液油滴的管内节流破碎行为与机理

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过程工程学报 2015年第6期15卷 940-944页

作者：桑义敏陈家庆易国庆郭旭北京石油化工学院环境工程系北京102617

实验研究了水包油型乳化液油滴在管内节流元件处的破碎行为,分析了破碎机理.结果表明,液滴破碎主要发生在节流元件内壁及下游附近,其概率是施于液滴上湍流应力与液滴表面能之比的递增函数,是流体韦伯数及节流元件两侧最大压差的递增函数... 详细信息

实验研究了水包油型乳化液油滴在管内节流元件处的破碎行为,分析了破碎机理.结果表明,液滴破碎主要发生在节流元件内壁及下游附近,其概率是施于液滴上湍流应力与液滴表面能之比的递增函数,是流体韦伯数及节流元件两侧最大压差的递增函数;在湍流状态(Re?4000)下,液滴充分振荡且受到较大的水流惯性力和速度梯度剪切力,更易破碎;由苏丹红IV染色的正庚烷体系界面张力由非染色时的47 m N/m降到23.6 m N/m,黏性力对液滴破碎的影响程度下降,受流速、压差等影响的惯性力起决定性作用,液滴破碎程度更大;流速决定流体对分散相油滴的湍流剪切破碎力,流速增大则油滴粒径破裂程度加大,而流速取决于流量和节流比;注入染色正庚烷油相体积增大(0.5?5m L),削弱了节流元件的液滴破碎作用,两相流体系倾向于形成更大直径的液滴,中位径一般为20?35?m.

关键词：水包油型乳化液节流元件油滴中位径破碎机理

Lateral distribution of EAS muons measured for the primary cosmic ray energy around 100 TeV

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Chinese Physics C 2019年第7期43卷 97-102页

作者： You-Liang Feng yi Zhang Tian-Lu Chen yi-qing guo Hong-Bo Hu Cheng Liu Guang-Guang Xin Yu-Hua Yao Zhen Wang DANZENGLUOBU Qi Gao Mao-Yuan Liu Shi-Ping Zhao Bing-Qiang Qiao ying-ying guo Hui Cai Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Physics Department of Science School Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China College of Physical Science and Technology Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610064China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210034China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

The muonic component of the extensive air showers (EAS) is of great importance for the astroparticle physics. It carries the information about the properties of primary cosmic ray (CR) particles, such as their mass, and electromagnetic and hadronic nature. It provides a sensitive test for the hadronic interaction models, which are inevitable for describing the cascade shower development of cosmic rays in EAS experiments. The YangBaJing Hybrid Array (YBJ-HA) experiment has been in operation since the end of 2016. Surface detectors are used for the measurements of primary energy, angular direction and core position of a shower event, while underground muon detectors are used for measuring the density of muons at various locations. Using the data obtained by the YBJ-HA experiment,this work reports the first measurement of the lateral muon distribution for the primary cosmic ray energy in the 100TeV region. The punch-through effect is evaluated via MC simulation.

关键词： cosmic rays lateral distributions muon density YBJ-HA