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Sequential Experiment Design Method Based on Uniformity and Distortion of Responses

Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2023年第3期39卷 778-790页

作者： qian-yi HUANG Liang-wei qi Jing-ke ZHANG Yu TANG State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System(CEMEE) Luoyang 471003China School of Mathematical Sciences Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China

With the development of modern electronic countermeasure technology,the fight between radar jamming and anti-jamming in aviation military has become increasingly fierce.There are some special requirements for radar countermeasure experiments.For example,such experiments are often divided into several stages,and responses of the previous stages will become factors of the next stages.Moreover,the experiment design can only consider some typical level values of the factors.However,the experiment factors are mostly continuous variables.Thus when there are some jumps in the response,and the value granularity of the factor level is large,the responses fail to reflect the distortion process,which makes it difficult to explore the radar performance boundary.Therefore,it is necessary to study the sequential experiment design method with the optimization goals of response uniformization and response distortion process characterization.In this paper,a sequential experiment design strategy based on Kriging model is established.Firstly,Kriging model is used to fit the initial experimental data to obtain the response surface.In order to enhance the uniformity of response distribution,Shannon entropy is applied to the objective function as the measure of uniformity.While for the situation of response distortion,we consider replacing the existing experiment points with those whose corresponding responses have a larger gradient norm.It means that the response value near these points will change rapidly,so they are more valuable for research.Then we use the peak surface in the three-dimensional space to intuitively verify the effect of the above algorithms on response uniformization and response distortion process characterization,and use the simulated annealing algorithm to solve them.The simulation results show that our sequential experiment strategy has a good effect.Finally,we apply the strategy to the practical problem of radar countermeasure experiment,and the obtained results also perform well.

关键词： radar countermeasure experiments response distortion sequential experiment uniform distribution

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ZOOpt: a toolbox for derivative-free optimization

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第10期65卷 293-294页

作者： Yu-Ren LIU yi-qi HU Hong qian Chao qian Yang YU National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal University

Recent advances in derivative-free optimization allow for efficient approximation of the global optimal solutions of sophisticated functions, such as those with many local optima,non-differentiable and non-continuous functions. This article describes the ZOOpt(zeroth order optimization) toolbox that provides efficient derivative-free solvers that are designed for easy use.

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A new method for accurate calculation of case fatality rates during a pandemic:Mathematical deduction based on population-level big data

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Infectious Medicine 2023年第2期2卷 96-104页

作者： Jinqi Feng Hui Luo yi Wu qian Zhou Rui qi School of Public Health Lanzhou University222 Tianshui South RoadLanzhou 730000China

Background:During the course of an epidemic of a potentially fatal disease,it is difficult to accurately estimate the case fatality rate(CFR)because many calculation methods do not account for the delay between case confirmation and disease outcome.Taking the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)as an example,this study aimed to develop a new method for CFR calculation while the pandemic was ongoing.Methods:We developed a new method for CFR calculation based on the following formula:number of deaths divided by the number of cases T days before,where T is the average delay between case confirmation and disease outcome.An objective law was found using simulated data that states if the hypothesized T is equal to the true T,the calculated real-time CFR remains constant;whereas if the hypothesized T is greater(or smaller)than the true T,the real-time CFR will gradually decrease(or increase)as the days progress until it approaches the true CFR.Results:Based on the discovered law,it was estimated that the true CFR of COVID-19 at the initial stage of the pandemic in China,excluding Hubei Province,was 0.8%;and in Hubei Province,it was 6.6%.The calculated CFRs predicted the death count with almost complete accuracy.Conclusions:The method could be used for the accurate calculation of the true CFR during a pandemic,instead of waiting until the end of the pandemic,whether the pandemic is under control or not.It could provide those involved in outbreak control a clear view of the timeliness of case confirmations.

关键词： Case fatality rate COVID-19 Pandemic China

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Autoimmune Hepatitis-related Cirrhosis： Clinical Features and Effectiveness of Immunosuppressive Treatment in Chinese Patients

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第20期129卷 2434-2440页

作者： Yan-Ni Li Huan Ma Lu Zhou Jie Zhang Li-Ping Guo Shu-qian Li Yi-Qi Qian Bang-Mao Wang Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300054China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hebei Medical University Third HospitalHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHeibei 050051China Department of Preventive Medicine School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070China

Background：The long-term outcomes of patients with autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） given the immunosuppressive treatment are considered to be preferable.However,little is known about the response of AIH patients with cirrhosis to immunosuppressive treatment.We assessed the effects of immunosuppressive therapy in Chinese AIH patients with cirrhosis from a tertiary hospital.Methods：Patients with a clinical diagnosis of AIH January 2000 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.Two-hundred and fourteen patients who were followed up and satisfied the simplified AIH criteria were included in the study.Among these patients,87 presented with cirrhosis when initially diagnosed for AIH.Immunosuppressive treatments were employed in 57 AIH patients who did not present with cirrhosis and 39 patients who presented with cirrhosis.Initial responses to immunosuppressive treatment of patients with and without cirrhosis were analyzed.Independent risk factors were assessed for predicting the prognosis of patients.The t-test and Cox regression statistical analysis were used.Results：In total,96 AIH patients including 39 with cirrhosis and 57 without cirrhosis underwent immunosuppressive therapy.The overall complete remission after initial immunosuppressive treatment was achieved in 81/96 patients （84.4%）,whereas 9/96 （9.4%） achieved incomplete response,and 6/96 （6.3%） occurred treatment failure.Compared to noncirrhotic patients,patients who presented with cirrhosis responded to treatment to a comparable extent regarding complete response （noncirrhosis 50/57 [87.7%] vs.cirrhosis 31/39 [79.5%],P =0.275）,incomplete remission （noncirrhosis 4/57 [7.0%] vs.cirrhosis 5/39 [12.8%],P =0.338）,and treatment failure （noncirrhosis 3/57 [5.3%] vs.cirrhosis 3/39 [7.7%],P =0.629）.Importantly,the remission rate was comparable （54/57 [94.7%] and 36/39 [92.3%],P =0.629） for noncirrhotic and cirrhotic patients after immunosuppressive therapy.Compared to patients who maintained remission （n =19） after drug withdrawal,patients who experienced relapse （n

关键词： Autoimmune Hepatitis Immunosuppressive Agents Liver Cirrhosis Treatment Outcome

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Deformation characteristics and safety assessment of a high-speed railway induced by undercutting metro tunnel excavation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第1期11卷 88-98页

作者： Wangping qian Taiyue qi Yunjian Zhao yizhou Le Haiyang yi Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering Ministry of Education Southwest Jiaotong University School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiao tong University China Railway Design Corporation China Changjiang Construction Investment Corp.Ltd. North China Institute of Science and Technology

Stratum deformation(settlement) is a challenging issue in tunnel engineering, especially when construction of metro tunnels has to undercut high-speed railway. For this purpose, we used the FLAC30 software to analyze the stratum settlement characteristics of high-speed railway at different crossing angles intersected by metro tunnel, in terms of ground settlement trough, stratum slip line and irregularity of ballastless tracks. According to the evolution of the stratum settlement at different angle regions, an optimized angle is proposed for the actual project design. In order to reduce the influence of stratum settlement on the safety of high-speed railway, an approach of safety assessment is proposed for the shield engineering undercutting high-speed railway, as per Chinese specifications using numerical results and on-site conditions. A case study is conducted for the shield tunnel section crossing the Wuhan-Guangzhou High-speed Railway between the Guangzhou North Railway Station and the Huacheng Road Station, which represents the first metro tunnel project passing below a high-speed railway in China. A series of measures is taken to ensure the safe excavation of the shield tunnel and the operation of the high-speed railway. The results can provide a technical support for performing a safety evaluation between high-speed railways and metro tunnels.

关键词： Metro tunnel excavation High-speed railway Settlement characteristics Safety assessment Numerical simulation Case application

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An unexpected electrocardiogram sign of subacute left ventricular free wall rupture: Its early awareness may be lifesaving

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第2期11卷 117-119页

作者： Hong-yi Wu Ju-ying qian qi-bing Wang Jun-bo Ge Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Cardiology Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University

BACKGROUND:Post-infarct left ventricular free wall rupture(LVFWR)is not always an immediately catastrophic complication.The rupture can be subacute,allowing time for diagnosis and intervention.Accordingly,early recognition of the entity may be lifesaving.METHODS:We present an electrocardiogram(ECG)change pattern in two cases,which was erroneously attributed to ischemia.Two women in their 80s were admitted to our institute after experiencing the sudden onset of chest pain.They were managed as anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction without reperfusion treatment.Unfortunately,they experienced a recurrence of severe chest pain with cardiogenic shock during hospitalisation.The ECG recorded at that time showed a ST-segment re-elevation in infract-related leads.RESULTS:The two cases were regrettably received a misjudgement of reinfarction at first,and one of the patients even was administrated with tirofi ban.Afterwards the diagnosis of subacute LVFWR was made through antemortem echocardiography.CONCLUSION:New ST-segment elevation(STE)in infarct-associated leads,coupled with recurrence of chest pain and new-onset hypotension,may constitute the premonitory signs of a subacute LVFWR.

关键词： Myocardial infarction Myocardial rupture Electrocardiogram Diagnosis

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Modeling and analyzing point cloud generation in missile-borne LiDAR

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第1期16卷 69-76页

作者： Min-le Li yi-hua Hu Nan-xiang Zhao qi-shu qian State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology College of Electronic EngineeringNational University of Defense TechnologyHefei230037China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electronic Restriction Technology Hefei230037China

The missile-borne LiDAR has an essential prospect in precise guidance.However,the instability of the missile has a significant impact on the precision of LIDAR point cloud,thus modeling and analyzing the influencing factors of point cloud generation is necessary.In this investigation,the authors modeled the point cloud calculation process of missile-borne linear array scanning LiDAR under ideal conditions and analyzed the effect of position change on the fleld of view(FOV) in the course of platform motion.Subsequently,the authors summarized that the stability concerning the field of view and the target tracking are dependent on three limiting conditions.Finally,the authors derived an error formula and analyzed several typical errors in missile platform flight,including scanner error,POS error,system integration error,and platform vibration error.Based on theo retical analysis and simulation experiments,the model proposed in this papier can provide a theoretical basis for the design of the missile-borne LiDAR system and the selection of related instruments in practice.

关键词： LiDAR Point cloud Precise guidance Vibration

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Diabetes fuels periodontal lesions via GLUT1-driven macrophage inflammaging

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International Journal of Oral Science 2021年第3期13卷 251-260页

作者： qian Wang Lulingxiao Nie Pengfei Zhao Xinyi Zhou yi Ding qianming Chen qi Wang State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Prosthodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Periodontology West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina

Hyperglycemia induces chronic low-grade inflammation(inflammaging),which is a newly identified contributor to diabetes-related tissue lesions,including the inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis.It is also a secondary senescent pattern mediated by an increased burden of senescent cells and senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP).Macrophage is a key SASPspreading cell and may contribute to the maintenance of SASP response in the periodontal microenvironment.Using a transgenic diabetic model(BLKS/J-Lepr^(db)/lepr^(db)mice)we identified striking senescence of the periodontium in young(18-wk)-diabetic mice accompanied by amassed p16^(+)-macrophages and enhanced early SASP response.Exposed to high glucose in vitro,bone marrow-derived macrophage(BMDM)revealed a strong GLUT1 m RNA response driving the elevated-glucose uptake.GLUT1 is a representative and facilitative glucose transporter in macrophages with potential roles in hyperglycemia-induced inflammation.In this study,both GLUT1 and the downstream GTPase Rheb expression upregulated in the gingiva of diabetic mice with impaired condition.Furthermore,SASP release and p16/p21 signaling were proven to be triggered by m TOR phosphorylation in BMDM and antagonized by restricting glucose uptake in GLUT1^(-/-)BMDM.Taken together,our findings suggest that elevated-GLUT1 sensor responded to high glucose is important for macrophage senescence and SASP response,generated as a result of hyperglycemia,and it is a potential molecular mechanism for the exacerbation of periodontitis in diabetes.

关键词： elevated macrophage lesions

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Long non-coding RNA HOTAIRM1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of glioma cells by regulating the miR-873-5p/ZEB2 axis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第2期133卷 174-182页

作者： yi-Hai Lin Liang Guo Feng Yan Zhang-qi Dou qian Yu Gao Chen Department of Neurosurgery Zhejiang Tongde HospitalHangzhouZhejiang 310012China Department of Neurosurgery Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang UniversitySchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310016China

Background:Glioblastoma is one of the most common malignant brain tumors.Conventional clinical treatment of glioblastoma is not sufficient,and the molecular mechanism underlying the initiation and development of this disease remains unclear.Our study aimed to explore the expression and function of miR-873a-5p in glioblastoma and related molecular mechanism.Methods:We analyzed the most dysregulated microRNAs from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database and examined the expression of miR-873-5p in 20 glioblastoma tissues compared with ten normal brain tissues collected in the Zhejiang Tongde Hospital.We then overexpressed or inhibited miR-873-5p expression in U87 glioblastoma cell lines and analyzed the phenotype using the cell counting kit-8 assay,wound healing assay,and apoptosis.In addition,we predicted upstream and downstream genes of miR-873-5p in glioblastoma using bioinformatics analysis and tested our hypothesis in U87 cells using the luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blotting assay.The differences between two groups were analyzed by Student’s t test.The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the comparison of multiple groups.A P<0.05 was considered to be significant.Results:The miR-873-5p was downregulated in glioblastoma tissues compared with that in normal brain tissues(normal vs.tumor,0.762±0.231 vs.0.378±0.114,t=4.540,P<0.01).Overexpression of miR-873-5p inhibited cell growth(t=6.095,P<0.01)and migration(t=3.142,P<0.01)and promoted cell apoptosis(t=4.861,P<0.01),while inhibition of miR-873-5p had the opposite effect.Mechanistically,the long non-coding RNA HOTAIRM1 was found to act as a sponge of miR-873-5p to activate ZEB2 expression in U87 cells.Conclusions:We uncovered a novel HOTAIRM1/miR-873-5p/ZEB2 axis in glioblastoma cells,providing new insight into glioblastoma progression and a theoretical basis for the treatment of glioblastoma.

关键词： MicroRNA Long non-coding RNA ZEB2 Glioblastoma

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Fasting produces antidepressant-like effects via activating mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway in ovariectomized mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 2075-2081页

作者： Zi-qian Cheng Jie Fan Fang-yi Zhao Jing-Yun Su qi-Han Sun Ran-Ji Cui Bing-Jin Li Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant ChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Recent studies have shown that a 9-hour fast in mice reduces the amount of time spent immobile in the forced swimming test.Howeve r,whether 9-hour fasting has therapeutic effects in female mice with depressive symptoms has not been established.Therefore,in this study,we simulated perimenopausal depression via an ovariectomy in mice,and subjected them to a single 9-hour fasting 7 days later.We found that the ovariectomy increased the time spent immobile in the forced swimming test,inhibited expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway in the hippocampus and prefro ntal cortex,and decreased the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampus.The 9-hour acute fasting alleviated the above-mentioned phenomena.Furthermore,all of the antidepressant-like effects of 9-hour fasting were reve rsed by an inhibitor of the mammalian to rget of rapamycin complex 1.Electrophysiology data showed a remarkable increase in long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 of the ovariectomized mice subjected to fasting compared with the findings in the ovariectomized mice not subjected to fasting.These findings show that the antidepressant-like effects of 9-hour fasting may be related to the activation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian hippocampus.Thus,fasting may be a potential treatment for depression.

关键词： antidepressant brain-derived neurotrophic factor dendritic spine fasting hippocampus LTP mTOR complex 1 neural plasticity ovariectomized mice rapamycin

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